Louisiana Deer Harvest 2008‐09 Mail survey‐ Each year, a 6% sample of licensed hunters between the ages of 16 and 59 receive a harvest survey by mail. Participants return the survey and statistics are compiled. Youth and senior hunters are not included in this survey, so estimates are best used for monitoring long term trends. The mail survey index for hunters and harvest for the 2008/09 season is 162,600 and 158,200 respectively. The harvest by weapon type and sex is shown in Table 3. While the hunter number index has been relatively stable the last few years, the harvest index was down 21% this year and is the lowest value since 1986 (Figure 2). Two more major hurricanes, as well as the effects of Katrina are largely impacting the landscape, and are thought to have caused access and visibility issues across the state, but especially in the coastal zone. Temporary flooding events caused some deer mortality in isolated areas during and after Ike. Trees and forested habitats were affected well into central and even northern Louisiana during Hurricane Gustav. Reduced visibility and accessibility due to storm debris impacted many hunters. Anecdotal hunting reports were mixed this year, with some hunters (especially in the southern parts of the state) reporting reduced harvests, and some reporting normal or exceptional harvests. In southern areas the mast crop was reduced by the storm, but many hunters still saw good acorn availability. Heavy rainfall following the storms may have increased fawn mortality in some coastal, bottomland, Florida, and rice prairie parishes such as Lafourche, St. Landry, Tensas, Pointe Coupee, Concordia, East Carroll, Tangipahoa, St. Helena, Evangeline, and Jefferson Davis. Lower than average lactation rates were observed on a few WMAs, and DMAP clubs, and there was one report of low fawn observations on other private land. This may reduce recruitment into older age classes in affected areas and could result in reduced harvests of that age class (fewer 1.5 year olds next year). Human expansion and development also impact wildlife habitats and deer carrying capacity and we continue to see an increase in exurbia in some areas of Louisiana. Forest management practices of the last decade have also impacted the landscape and reduced carrying capacities are being observed in some pine dominant parishes and regions. Hog populations may be high enough in some areas of the state to affect deer numbers through direct competition for food resources. And although there were no large scale hemorrhagic disease (EHD or BTV) outbreaks reported or identified, it is possible that some populations suffered mortality rates higher than perceived, and this may have impacted harvest at some local levels. Hunter attitudes and preferences may be changing. Some hunters, even on WMAs, now are sometimes “passing” females and younger bucks in hopes of harvesting a trophy, or possibly because they simply do not have the time or desire to do the work of processing the animal. This may be especially true of the growing number of senior hunters and the younger generation of busy, affluent, trophy‐type hunters. Some hunters and managers may be becoming more comfortable with managing for lower numbers of deer that are more balanced with the habitat. Biologists have seen no indication within the available data that statewide over‐harvest of female deer has occurred since implementing the new 3 antlerless deer limit. We are continuing to monitor and take public comment from concerned hunters where overharvest has been a concern at local levels.
Table 3. Distribution of deer harvest as recorded by the annual LDWF mail survey, 2008‐09.
Weapon modern gun primitive bow cross bow null Totals
Male 71947.5 7811.4 5227.2 705.6 400.0 86092
Female 60552.5 6288.6 4672.8 694.4 0.0 72208
Total 132500 14100 9900 1400 400 158300
% 83.7% 8.9% 6.3% 0.9% 0.3%
Figure 2. LDWF hunter and harvest estimates from its annual mail harvest survey, 1970‐2008.
Internet/phone reporting results‐ This year was the first mandatory year for tagging and reporting deer through the new system. Results provide a count of male and female deer harvested by weapon type and parish on private and public lands. Participation in the reporting program is believed to be less than 100% and it may take a period of time for all hunters to learn the system and comply with the law. It is important for hunters to report their deer, so that complete data is available for future deer management decisions. There were 227,001 sets of deer tags issued in 2008‐09. A summary of the reported harvest along with the WMA managed hunts and program totals are presented by parish in Appendix 1. The top total harvest parishes are presented in Table 4. The top harvest parishes by forested acres per deer are presented in Table 5. The total harvest count from all 3 sources of data is 116,571. The harvest sex ratio of the 95,718 deer reported taken on non‐program private lands was 58 % male and 42 % female.
Table 4. Top 20 deer harvest parishes derived from the new reporting system , 2008‐09. Parish Union Bienville Claiborne Vernon Bossier Jackson Webster Iberville Natchitoches Tensas
Harvest 7915 5387 5171 4311 3930 3689 3652 3398 3384 3376
Parish Winn Morehouse Desoto Avoyelles W. Feliciana Sabine Lincoln Beauregard Rapides St. Landry
Harvest 3272 3041 3014 2828 2786 2729 2623 2443 2329 2283
Table 5. Top 20 harvest parishes by forested acreage derived from the new reporting system, 2008‐09 Parish E. Carroll Tensas Madison W. Baton Rouge W. Feliciana Morehouse Union Richland Avoyelles Point Coupee
Acres/deer 32 34 50 55 58 59 60 66 69 72
Parish St. Landry Iberville Webster Bienville Claiborne Jackson Lincoln Bossier Concordia Franklin
Acres/deer 73 76 79 84 84 85 90 93 93 96
Mail survey vs. reporting system harvest‐ The mail survey index of 158,200 is higher (36%) than the system reported harvest of 116,571. Since the mail survey is a single mailing, there is the potential to bias the index high. The mail survey index is best used to monitor trends over time and not as an absolute estimate. The new reporting system count is likely low due to less than 100% participation. We anticipate greater compliance with the system in the future. However, it is possible that, due to a number of reasons, the statewide harvest from the reporting system will continue to be lower than the mail survey index. Wildlife Management Areas‐ The Department manages over 1,000,000 acres with deer hunting opportunity. Archery and either sex gun hunts are the primary methods for keeping deer numbers in balance with the habitat. Youth and handicapped hunts also are available on many areas. Buck only seasons provide extended hunting opportunity and generally are held near or during rut. Harvest rates are highly variable on the WMAs according to deer physiographic region, habitat conditions, and hunter efforts. In some years WMA harvest rates equal or surpass intensively managed DMAP properties. On
some WMAs, harvest rates are low due to habitat type, forest conditions, accessibility issues, or other management objectives. In general, WMA deer herds are managed in a way that helps insure long term forest regeneration, diversity, sustainability, and high deer quality. WMAs are not managed for maximum residual numbers, but rather maximum sustained harvest and recreational opportunity, which means deer herds at or below maximum biological carrying capacity. In 2008/09, managed deer hunts were held on over 900,000 acres of wildlife management areas where high rates of success were often observed. The harvest was over 5,000 deer on the WMAs this year (Table 6). Either‐sex hunts had an average hunter success rate of 11 efforts per deer, well below the long‐term average of 16 efforts per deer, but up slightly from the 9.3 efforts per deer observed last year (Figure 3). The success rate was considered good considering the heavy rainfall that fell across most of the state during the either sex days following Thanksgiving. Either sex day harvests are greatly influenced by weather and hunter turn out. Hunter success and harvest vary, sometimes substantially, from year to year. Some Region 5 hunts were closed due to military training exercises. The long term trend for WMA hunter success illustrates fewer efforts needed to harvest a deer. Many exceptional deer were harvested on the WMAs. The top 10 WMA bucks of 2008‐09 are listed in Appendix 2. Table 6. WMA harvest totals from managed deer hunts and/or self‐clearing permit data only, 2008‐09. WMA Atchafalaya Delta Alexander State Forest Attakapas Bayou Macon Bayou Pierre Ben's Creek Big Lake Bodcau * Boeuf Buckhorn Camp Beauregard Clear Creek Dewey Wills Fort Polk ** Grassy Lake Jackson Bienville Loggy Bayou Maurepas Swamp Ouachita Pearl River Peason Ridge** Pomme de Terre Red/Three Rivers Russel Sage Sabine Sherburne
Bucks 96 20 92 30 4 72 87 110 123 64 77 212 197 150 171 185 97 118 32 47 40 29 255 34 31 159
Does 68 17 74 40 4 41 28 112 82 41 96 127 142 33 116 193 56 86 23 22 3 34 121 21 36 115
Total harvest 154 37 166 70 8 113 115 222 205 105 173 339 339 183 287 378 153 204 55 69 43 63 376 55 67 274
Acres 135,000 5,500 26,300 6,919 6,940 13,856 19,231 32,471 50,971 11,262 12,500 54,269 55,000 88,216 13,297 32,000 4,300 67,713 9,641 35,031 33,010 7,064 69,061 16,835 7,554 44,000
Acres/deer 876 149 158 99 867 123 167 146 249 107 72 160 162 482 46 85 28 332 175 508 767 112 184 306 113 161
Sicily Island Spring Bayou Thistlewaite Tunica Hills Union West Bay
8 45 78 63 162 144 3032
8 16 62 29 135 83 2064
16 61 140 92 297 227 5086
7,524 12,078 11,000 5,783 11,270 62,115 967,711
470 198 79 63 38 274 190
*= self clearing data only **=partial season only
Figure 3. LDWF Wildlife Management Area deer hunter success rates, 1960‐2008.
Appendix 1. Deer harvest by parish as recored through the LDWF tagging system, 2009.
People per Acres1
Forested
Forested 2
System WMA
DMAP
LADT
Total
Acre per
Forested acre
1 harvest3 harvest4 harvest harvest harvest deer harv. per deer harv.5 Sq Mi Land area land acres Parish Acadia 90 419379 0.24 100532 164 0 4 4 172 2438 na Allen 489280 0.70 33 343916 1092 124 33 126 1375 356 250 Ascension 262 186560 0.48 88660 299 18 68 0 385 485 230 Assumption 216768 0.52 69 112409 485 0 88 58 631 344 178 Avoyelles 532736 0.37 50 196104 2042 229 515 42 2828 188 69 Beauregard 28 742464 0.80 592461 1816 0 62 565 2443 304 243 Bienville 518810 0.87 19 451470 4159 67 185 976 5387 96 84 Bossier 117 537152 0.68 365219 3460 88 0 382 3930 137 93 Caddo 564480 0.56 286 313620 1838 0 0 82 1920 294 163 Calcasieu 685504 0.39 171 270336 541 0 0 81 622 1102 435 Caldwell 20 338816 0.76 256017 1823 195 179 53 2250 151 114 Cameron 840320 0.00 8 0 209 0 2 31 242 3472 na Catahoula 16 450368 0.41 183159 1092 10 51 198 1351 333 136 Claiborne 483008 0.90 22 435693 4499 0 103 569 5171 93 84 Concordia 445376 0.38 29 170753 1032 229 239 332 1832 243 93 DeSoto 29 561408 0.78 437109 2854 0 84 76 3014 186 145 E. Baton Rouge 291456 0.41 907 120883 538 0 304 5 847 344 143 E. Carroll 22 269696 0.13 34026 526 70 429 37 1062 254 32 E. Feliciana 290176 0.70 47 204297 1579 0 454 37 2070 140 99 Evangeline 425152 0.49 53 209704 1099 0 58 50 1207 352 174 Franklin 34 399104 0.27 108819 766 0 278 89 1133 352 96 Grant 412864 0.84 29 346030 1462 120 13 53 1648 251 210 Iberia 127 368064 0.28 101286 604 0 51 32 687 536 na Iberville 395904 0.65 54 257875 2122 154 975 147 3398 117 76 Jackson 364608 0.86 27 314611 3342 67 29 251 3689 99 85 Jeff. Davis 48 417472 0.14 58574 240 0 37 12 289 1445 na Jefferson 196160 0.11 1484 21181 168 0 0 0 168 1168 na La Salle 23 399232 0.86 341475 1452 231 47 0 1730 231 197 Lafayette 172672 0.13 706 22492 12 0 0 0 12 14389 na Lafourche 83 694208 0.15 104618 610 0 362 1 973 713 na Lincoln 90 301696 0.78 234787 2546 0 0 77 2623 115 90 Livingston 414720 0.76 142 316643 1365 0 31 0 1396 297 227 Madison 22 399424 0.26 105549 1456 0 307 356 2119 188 50 Morehouse 508352 0.36 39 180565 2606 0 269 166 3041 167 59 Natchitoches 31 803520 0.70 559577 3334 0 31 19 3384 237 165 Orleans 2684 115558 0.00 0 28 0 0 0 28 4127 na Ouachita 390739 0.64 241 249628 1921 110 127 36 2194 178 114 Plaquemines 32 540544 0.03 13902 162 0 4 18 184 2938 na Point Coupee 356672 0.40 41 141702 1337 0 327 294 1958 182 72 Rapides 96 846400 0.66 562213 1957 23 48 301 2329 363 241 Red River 25 249152 0.55 137864 822 0 13 124 959 260 144 Richland 357440 0.23 38 80838 984 0 78 160 1222 293 66 Sabine 27 553792 0.80 445625 2607 30 31 61 2729 203 163 St. Bernard 297600 0.11 145 31374 41 0 18 0 59 5044 na St. Charles 169 181504 0.22 39884 125 0 15 44 184 986 217 St. Helena 0.79 26 262,000 206615 1139 0 47 0 1186 221 174 St. James 157504 0.47 86 73254 387 68 145 0 600 263 122 St. John 197 140096 0.46 64132 329 68 20 0 417 336 154 St. Landry 594368 0.28 94 167290 1857 120 174 132 2283 260 73 St. Martin 66 473536 0.63 296426 1455 0 169 304 1928 246 154 St. Mary 392192 0.33 87 131208 1505 151 188 45 1889 208 na St. Tammany 546688 0.63 224 346369 754 5 88 0 847 645 409 Tangipahoa 505728 0.60 127 305468 991 0 41 48 1080 468 283 Tensas 11 385600 0.30 113863 1758 132 879 607 3376 114 34 Terrebonne 803136 0.16 83 129697 715 0 1 119 835 962 na Union 561664 0.85 26 478170 6698 297 296 624 7915 71 60 Vermilion 46 751232 0.10 77283 263 0 13 13 289 2599 na Vernon 850176 0.90 40 767517 4095 175 39 2 4311 197 178 W. Baton Rouge 113 122368 0.48 58788 472 0 578 16 1066 115 55 W. Carroll 230016 0.19 34 44517 219 0 0 9 228 1009 195 W. Feliciana 259840 0.63 37 162679 2105 74 540 67 2786 93 58 Washington 66 428544 0.70 301547 1685 22 24 5 1736 247 174 Webster 380928 0.75 70 286922 3222 0 0 430 3652 104 79 Winn 18 608320 0.90 546508 2853 0 158 261 3272 186 167 Totals 27764669 0.51 14221733 95718 2877 9349 8627 116571 238 122
1= http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22000.html 2= USDA, Forest Inventory mapmaker, 2007 3= all lands through May 1, 2009 4= managed hunts only (SCD should have been reported by internet or phone) 5= coastal marsh and some prairie parishes exlcuded from this index. Some agriculture parishes may be biased high.
Appendix 2.
Top WMA Bucks Calculated for all clubs All Districts 2008-09 Season July 09, 2009 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Club Name
Deer#
Rating
Age
Loggy Bayou Wma Jackson-Bienville Union Wma Grassy Lake Wma Clear Creek WMA Grassy Lake Wma Loggy Bayou Wma Red River/3 Rivers Wma Thistlethwaite WMA Ouachita Wma
29 3 281 95 69 148 72 162 105 47
294.00 230.81 210.28 209.20 205.16 204.90 197.00 195.06 192.26 192.12
4 3 5 3 4 4 3 4 4 3
Parish
Bossier Bienville Union Avoyelles Vernon Avoyelles Bossier Concordia St. Landry Ouachita
Data for Top Bucks: Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Weight Live 248 240 190 219 175 203 223 225 205 190
Weight Dressed 193 187 148 171 137 158 174 176 160 148
Points 10 8 10 11 11 11 10 10 8 11
Base Left 8.00 6.00 5.13 5.25 4.75 5.00 6.00 4.75 4.88 4.75
Base Right 8.00 5.50 4.88 5.50 4.75 4.88 5.00 5.75 4.63 4.25
Length Left 20.50 21.00 23.14 22.50 23.50 22.00 20.00 19.50 22.25 22.75
Length Right 18.50 20.50 23.63 19.75 24.25 22.50 19.50 20.00 23.25 24.25
Spread 16.00 18.00 16.63 15.75 17.00 17.00 14.25 15.50 16.00 16.75
Index rating formula : ((length + spread) * base) + points