Data Processing Systems

DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS

All Rights Reserved: ATENEO COMPUTER SCIENCE CENTER Ateneo de Davao University

Outline 

Data Processing System (DPS)    



Data, Information, Programs Definition and Objective of DPS Elements of a DPS Types of data processing systems

Electronic Data Processing System (EDPS)  

3 Components of an EDPS Advantages/Disadvantages of an EDPS

Data 



are facts, set of symbols to represent objects, events, activities and quantities. Basic Forms of Data: 



 

Text  consist of standard alphabetic, numeric and special characters. Graphics  still pictures such as drawings, graphs, images and illustrations. Audio  any type of sound. Video  consist of motion pictures.

Information 



data that has been processed into a meaningful form. 4 characteristics: Relevant  Complete  Accurate  Timely 

Relevant

- Information must pertain to the problem at hand.

Complete

- Partial information is often worse than no information.

Accurate

- Erroneous information might lead to disastrous decisions

Current

- Decisions are often based on the latest information available, but what was a fact yesterday might no longer be one today.

Programs 



set of instructions that tells the computer how to process the data to produce information that the user wants. Instructions that causes the computer to perform specific actions.

Data Processing System    

Data – are facts, set of symbols to represent

objects, events, activities and quantities. Process – the execution of various operations on data to convert it to a form which is meaningful. System – a collection of components that interact to serve a common goal.

Objective: 

To convert raw data into information that can be used in decision making

Elements of a DPS 1.

Input 

1.

Processing 

1.

application of operations that convert data into a meaningful form.

Output 

1.

collection of data/information and conversion into a form acceptable for processing.

the form that is acceptable to the user for analysis or as input for a second cycle.

Storage 

the medium where you can keep both data and information for future reference or retrieval.

Types of Data Processing 1.

Manual Data Processing 

1.

is done by people with or without the aid of machines. These machines are typewriters, calculator, adding machine, etc..

Electronic Data Processing 

is done exclusively by machines with minimal human supervision. Electronic devices are used such as computers to produce information.

Electronic Data Processing 

3 Components 1. Hardware – physical components – physical equipment in a computing environment. 1.

Software – conceptual components – machine codes and computer programs. – built from planning and knowledge.

1.

Peopleware – human components – personnel involved in the system. – highly specialized personnel with computer skills.

Physical Components:

HARDWARE For INPUT:  Keyboard  Mouse  Video cam

Physical Components:

HARDWARE

For PROCESS: 

SYSTEM UNIT  CPU  memory  disk drives

Physical Components:

HARDWARE

For OUTPUT: •Display (soft-copy) •Printer (hard-copy) •Multi-media speakers

Physical Components:

HARDWARE

For STORAGE:  floppy disks  fixed disk  CD  CD RW

Conceptual Components:

SOFTWARE



Systems Software 

a.

b. c.

d.

Computer programs that enable application programs to run on a given set of hardware. Operating System - the main collection of systems software that enables the computer system to manage the resources under its control. Personal Operating System - MS-DOS & PCDOS Network Operating Systems - an operating system that enables the network administrator in an organization to control network tasks. Language Translators - systems software that converts applications programs into a machine language.

Conceptual Components:

SOFTWARE



Applications Software  Computer programs that provide tools for performing the type of work that people require computer systems to do; commonly called applications programs or applications. a.

b. c.

Productivity Software – a computer programs such as word processors and spreadsheets, designed to make workers more productive in their jobs. Entertainment Software – a computer program that plays movies, music and games. Educational Software – a computer program that aids on education such as tutorials.

Areas of the EDP Department  – – –

SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES

defining and developing the system which will be implemented on the company’s hardware. design of systems, impetus for designing new systems. serves as the liaison between users and the other departments. * 

* 

Systems Analyst

planning and design of new applications

Programmer Analyst

programming and designing a system

Areas of the EDP Department  – – –

PROGRAMMING AREA responsible for all programming activities. updating and maintaining systems which have already been programmed. advisers to SYSTEMS & PROCEDURES area on any programming area that might occur in systems design. * * *

Applications Programmers Maintenance Programmers System Programmers

Areas of the EDP Department *

*

*

Applications Programmers  They are provided with the requirements of a job and are asked to develop logic and then code, debug and document a program Maintenance Programmers  Responsible for revising, amending or updating existing programs. They are the “trouble shooters” (finding and fixing errors in existing software) System Programmers  They are highly skilled programmers which are responsible for maximizing the overall efficiency of a computer system

Areas of the EDP Department  –

OPERATIONS controls all of the day-to-day activities which take place within the data processing department. * * * * *

Data Preparation Staff Computer Operator File Librarian Auditor Database Administrator

Areas of the EDP Department 

Data Preparation Staff Converts data into codes (coding clerk)  Converts data into a form said to be computer readable (data encoders) 

*

Computer Operator *

*

Prepares data for processing

File Librarian 

Takes care of the inventory of records, disks and other file media (issues, receipts and storage of files)

Areas of the EDP Department 

Auditor 

*

Accounting and computer specialists who are responsible for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the computer system

Data Base Administrator 

Responsible for organizing a large volume of data such as the database of an organization

Advantages and Disadvantages of the EDP System:

ADVANTAGES  increased

speed  improved accuracy and reliability  more effective control (error-checking, reports)  reduced cost  storage capacity  improved quality

DISADVANTAGES  

 



relatively high cost of equipment cost and difficulty of systems design and programming channelling of work problems of conversion from a manual system to an electronic one security problems