Data Processing

DATA PROCESSING LECTURE 1

OBJECTIVE      

What is data processing Basic Function of data processing Data storage hierarchy Data Structure Modes of data processing Application area for data processing

DATA PROCESSING 

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Data processing is defined as a series of actions or operations, which convert data into meaningful information. It include the resources such as people, procedures and devices which are used to accomplish the processing of data for producing desirable output.

BASIC FUNCTION OF DATA PROCESSING        

Origination Data Capture Sorting Merging Calculating Summarizing Managing Output Results Storage

Data storage hierarchy DATABASE

Personal File

Account File

Payroll File

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DATA STRUCTURE A data structure is a class of data that can be characterized by its organization and the operation defined on it.

MODES OF DATA PROCESSING    

Batch Processing On – Line Processing Real Time Processing Distribute Data Processing

BATCH PROCESSING

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This type of processing requires the data to be initially grouped before it is processed serially , and the result obtained periodically It is the most appropriate method of processing for many types of applications, such as payroll or preparation of customer statements, where it is not necessary to update information on daily basis.

On-Line Processing 

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It is that type of processing where the result of data processing transaction is available immediately It also permits users to enter into a conversation with the computer to send and receive message within a fraction of second. For example Stock exchange, banking

REAL TIME PROCESSING 

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Data has to be processed in a small stipulated time period (real time), otherwise it will create problems for the system. The application area are air and ground traffic control, automatic radar connected defence and space program

DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING 

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It involves a computer system linked by a communication network where processing is performed by separate computers This form is most convenient for organizations with many branch offices over great distances. Each branch stores data elements relating to its daily operations t its own site A typical applications is in bank where all the branches have intelligent terminals linked to a big computer at the head office. Data from the braches is sent to master where it is processed

APPLICATION AREA FOR DATA PROCESSING Inventory control system  It refers to the buffer stock of items being maintained by the organization  The main objective of computerized inventory control system to minimize the loss of business due to nonavailability of required materials. 

Activities involve in computerized inventory control system are material planning, material requisitioning, material receipt and inspection, material storage etc.

COMPUTERISED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 

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Financial accounting is an art of recording and processing all transactions within organization. It results in preparation of the annual profit and loss account as well as balance sheet for the organization. The main objective of Computerized Financial Accounting System is that calculation should be more accurate and Reports can be supplied faster and frequently

COMPUTERISED PAYROLLSYSTEM 

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Payroll system is concerned with accurate and timely computation of compensation to each individual employee. The main objective of Computerized Payroll System is to produce output like pay slips, income tax statement, provident fund statement

COMPUTERISED INVOICING SYSTEM 

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Invoicing is part of a larger system, namely sales order processing and invoicing system The major activities are receipt of custom order, validation of custom order, processing of custom order, invoice generation

WHAT IS SDLC The period of time that begins when a system is conceived and ends when a system is fully operational for use and gets maintained is called SDLC

PHASES OF SDLC Feasibility Study Maintenance

System Analysis

Implementation SDLC System Design

Testing Development (coding)

SDLC PHASES Feasibility Study 1. It is the first phase in development of a new system. 2.This phase starts when the user face a problem in the current system manual or already computerized and submits a formal request to the software development company either for a new system or for modifying the current system 3. After receiving the request, the overall in charge of software development team, System Analyst begins the preliminary investigation to determine whether the system requested is feasible to develop or not

SDLC PHASES SYSTEM ANALYSIS 1.This phase includes studying of existing system in details and collecting data in order to find out the requirements of the users. It is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system. 2. A key question : WHAT MUST BE DONE TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM ? 3. DFD, interviews and questionnaires are activities involve in analysis. The interview is a commonly used tool in analysis. 4. The analyst has a firm understanding of what is to be done

SDLC PHASES SYSTEM DESIGN 1.After collecting and studying user’s requirements, the system is designed. 2. The term design describes a final system and the process by which it is developed. Design of the system is largely the logical design. 3. This phase involves identification of input data, output reports and the procedures to process the data .

SDLC PHASES Development of Software 1. In this phase the system is actually programmed. Now the analyst should decide whether to buy a commercial software or to develop new customized programs with the help of programmers 2. It depend on the cost of software and the cost of programming such software.

SDLC PHASES System Testing 1. It makes sure that the programs perform the intended tasks . Once the system is designed it should be test for validity. 2. During system testing the system is used experimentally to ensure that the software does not fail, i.e it will run according to its specification and in the way users expect to it.

SDLC PHASES IMPLEMENTATION 1. This phase is less creative than system design. It is primarily concerned with user training , site preparation and file conversion. It is the final phase of development. 2. In this phase, user actually starts using the system. 3. Implementation can be done in 2 ways . One way is by implementing the new system along with old system and make them run in parallel. The other method is to replace the old system

SDLC PHASES MAINTENANCE 1. It is the process of incorporating changes in the implemented existing system for proper utilization. It involves b) Enhancement -: Adding new functions or capabilities to the system. c) Adaptation -: It implies customizing the software to run in the new environment. d) Correction -: It implies correcting the bugs in the existing software