Das Wand

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Å tkfjr[o{ ih eh |fsj..

Å d;tzX gqzgok gq'H fJzdo f;zx xZrk (fJzNo B?;aBb f;Zy fw;aBoh)

gqekPe

cfsj gpbhe/PBI 91^ftfdnk Bro, ;kjwD/ gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk (gzikp). w'pH L 98144^55582

Ç

d;tzX gqzgok gq'H fJzdo f;zx xZrk (fJzNo B?;aBb f;Zy fw;aBoh) (w'pH 98551^51699)

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;G jZe b/ye d/ okyt/A jB

ezfgT{No NkJhfgzr ewb ezfgT{No, ;kjwD/ gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk. Skge v?c'fvb fgqzfNzr gq?; fJzv;Noh J/ohnk gfNnkbk. w[Zb L 10 o[g? gfjbh n?vh;aB i{B 2007

feskpK, feskpu/ ns/ ;hHvhH gqkgs eoB bJh gsk gqekPe

cfsj gpbhe/PBI 91^ftfdnk Bro, ;kjwD/ gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk (gzikp). w'pH L 98144^55582

d;tzX gqgzok (r[o{ ekb ^Gkr gfjbk)

fJzdo f;zx xZrk (gq'L) ;w[Zu/ ;z;ko ftu nwhoh, rohph, ekb fpwkoh, izr, G[ukb s/ j'o e[dosh nkcsK ihtK bJh ;zeN g?dk eodhnK ofjzdhnK jB. fJjBK w[;hpsK tkb/ fdBK ftu, b'VtzdK dh ;jkfJsk tk;s/, wB[Zyh jwdodh oZyD tkb/ b'e Gh swkPkJh pDe/ BjhA p?m iKd/. T[j Gb/ fJB;kB, ;woEk ns/ ;kXBK w[skpe, ;/tk bJh isB eod/ ofjzd/ jB. fJj goT[gekoh GktBk e/tb wB[ZyK ftu jh BjhA j?. ;r'A fe;/ jZd sZe gP{nK gzShnK ftu Gh, ;/tk dk e'Jh Mbekok fwb ikdk j?. fit/A fit/A wB[Zyh ;'u B/ ftek; ehsk, ;/tk GktBk j'o Gh uzr/ Yzr Bkb fBZyo e/ ;kjwD/ nkT[D bZrh. ;/tk dh P[o{nks, ftneshnK tZb'A ehsh iKdh j?, b/feB j"bh j"bh iE/pd z e o{g XkoB eo iKdh j?. feT[Afe ;zrmB okjhA ehsh ;/tk, nB/e gZyh tZv/ g?wkB/ s/ ehsh ik ;edh j?. fJ; ;/tk dk Yzr s/ Bkw e'Jh Gh j' ;edk j?. fJjBK ;hws gZXo s/ ehshnK ik ojhnK ;/tktK B{z m'; s/ ftPkb o{g d/D bJh j'o ;[Xko eoe/, pj[s ;ko/ Xow w[yhnK B/ ngDk fbnk. nZr'A fJj pj[^gZyh ;/tktK Xow dk jh fJe nzr pD rJhnK. :j{dh, fJ;kJh, iK w[;bwkB ;ko/ jh b'VtzdK dh ;jkfJsk bJh e'Jh B e'Jh ekoi P[o{ oZyd/ jB. fJ;kJh Xow ftu dkB ehsh rJh wkfJnk Bkb rohpK, nDgVK, fpwkoK s/ ekb ghVsK nkfd dh ehsh iKdh ;jkfJsk s'A ;koh d[BhnK tkec j?. fJ;bkw Xow 1

tkb/ ngDh ewkJh ftu'A ieks (ukbhtK fjZ;k) XownoE ekoiK bJh eZYd/ jB. f;Zy r[o{ ;fjpkB B/ fJ; Gb/ eki B{z gZe/ g?ohA eoB tk;s/ f;ZyK B{z nkd/ P fdZsk fe T[j ngDh feos ftu'A dZ;tK fjZ;k Xow noE io{o d/D. fJ;/ d;t/A fjZ;/ B{z ;wK gk e/ d;tzX’’ fejk ikD br fgnk. d[BhnK Go dhnK ;oekoK nkgD/ PfjohnK s/, f;ZX/ nf;ZX/ nDfrDs N?e; brkT[AdhnK jB. fJeZmh j'Jh okPh B{z d/P d/ ftek; ezwK s/ yofunk iKdk j?. ;ojZdK dh okyh bJh c"i s/ pj[s g?;k you j[zdk j?. b'VtzdK d/ Bkw j/m eJh tkoh fJ; XB dh e[tos'A Gh j' iKdh j?. i' B[esk fJE/ ftP/P j?, T[j fJj fe N?e; okjhA fdZsh rJh wkfJnk b'e wBK ftu T[j gftso GktBk g?dk eoB ftu n;woE ofjzdh j?, i' ;t? fJZSk Bkb Xow ekoiK ftu fdZsh wkfJnk g?dk eodh j?. N?e; d/D ftu wip{oh j?. d{i/ ftu ;po ;p{oh j?, wkBf;e j[bkok j? . fJ;/ bJh nZ i Gh pj[ s ;ko/ b' e nkgD/ nz s ;w/ A fizdrh Go fJeZmh ehsh XBokPh, Xow noE ezw eoB tkb/ ndkfonK B{z dkB ti'A d/ iKd/ jB. f;Zy ;wki ftu ;KM/ ekoiK tk;s/, ;odk pDdk fjZ;k gkT[D dh fgos, r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ ;w/A s'A jh gqub Z s j' rJh ;h. eoskog[o d/ b'eK B/ fJj tZyok jh e"se tofsnk t/fynk. nkw jkbsK ftu b'eh ;kX{ wjkswktK nZr/ G/Nk g{ik d/ o{g ftu nzB p;so nogD eod/ ;B. oki/ wjkoki/ nwho tiho dkB dZSDk b? e/ foPh w[BhnK e'b doPBK bJh nkT[Ad/ ;B. d{i/ gk;/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/, fJE/ nkgDh iwhB ftu y[d y/sh eoBh nozG eo fdZsh. g?dk j'fJnk nzBdkDk, ;KMhnK b'VK tk;s/ tofsnk ikD bZrk. doPBK B{z nkJ/ ;/ 2

te s/ :kso{, ;fsr[o{ ih d/ gktB puB Gh rqjD eod/ ;ohoe b'VK bJh bzro Gh Sed/. fJ; s'A fJbktk j'o jo soQK dhnK b'VK g{ohnK eod/. e[ZM b?D dh EK ;r'A e[M fdZsk ik fojk ;h. G?DK GoktK torh ;KM g?dk j' ojh ;h. fJj fBZs dh ;KMh fwbtos'A, T{u Bhu dh jT{w? d/ wfjb B{z Ykj ojh ;h. iksgks d/ niro B{z yk ojh ;h. bzro fsnko eoB tk;s/ ehsh rJh w[PZes, ;/tk d/ phi wB ftu p' ojh ;h. ;fsr[o{ ih dh nkgDh ftnshrs fBr/jpkBh ftu, thj e[ ;kb, fJj ;zrs gzrs y{p fgnko Bkb ;idh s/ tXdh c[bdh ojh. fJ; ftXh B/ N[ZN/ ;wki B{z fJe ;Ku/ ftu YkbDk P[o{ ehsk. iok nkgD/ fdb s/ jZE oye/ ;'u,' fi; gotko d/ w?Apo, fJeZm/ p?me/ fgnko Bkb ykDk Gh Bk yk ;eD, T[jBK dhnK tZy'A tZy b'VK s/ nZv' nZv ;[nkd j'tD sK ftuko fJe fet/A j' ;ed/ jB < tZyo/ ftukoK tkb/ b'eK s'A, fe;/ ;KM/ nkdoP B{z gqkgs eoB tk;s/, fwbt/ A T[dw dh, d[y ;[y ftu GkJhtkb j'D dh, fJZe d{i/ s'A ikB tkoB dh nk; fet/ A ehsh ik ;edh j? < ;zrs gzrs ftu'A ;KMk GkJhukok iBw b?Adk j?. ;kfonK dhnK ;KMhnK b'VK dh g{osh tk;s/, ;KM/ czv dk j'Dk Gh nsh io{oh j?. jo w?Apo B{z fJj wfj;{; j't/ fe w/ok Gh xZN iK tZX ftu :'rdkB j?. fJ;/ GktBk nXhB, r[o{ eh r'be B{z ;opZs d/ Gb/ fjZs, ;KM/ ekoiK bJh, tofsnk ikD bZrk. r[o{ BkBe ;kfj[p dk nkgD/ ;g[ZsoK B{z ;KMh gzEe ikfJdks ftu'A e[M Bk d/Dk, ;ko/ GkJhuko/ ns/ gqtko B{z Bkoki eo b?Dk, fJ; rZb dk ;{ue j? fe gzEe ikfJdks, ns/ r[o{ eh r'be, ;KMh nwkBs jB, fe;/ ftnesh ftP/P d/ 3

w"i w;sh eoB bJh BjhA. T[j Gkt/A r[o{ nzP, r[o{ ;g[Zso jh feT[A Bk j'D. ih jK ! nkgD/ ;g[ZsoK B{z r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp B/ fJj ntZP fejk fe s[;hA ihtB fBopkj tk;s/, fJ; xo ftu'A XB b? ;ed/ j'. fJj :kd oZyDk r[o{ xo d/ e[ZfsnK B{z Gh e'Jh ewh BjhA oj/rh. s[;hA sK w/o/ p/N/ j' . r[o{ r[o{ igDk iBw ;ztko/rk’’. (tkbkfJs tkbh iBw ;kyh g'Eh, i'sh i's ;wkT[D dh) pkb/ tkbh iBw;kyh ftu ‘‘T[Fg Z b ysoh B{z T[gd/P’’ ;kyh d/ sfjs r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp B/ ;koh ;zrs B{z skVBk Go/ puBk okjhA fJT[A ;zp'XB ehsk ;h ^ ‘‘wodkfBnK ! J/j gdkoE g{ik dk ykXk n?;k j?, i?;/ fpy ykXh gudh BjhA. s?;/ jh g{ik dk XkB gudk BjhA.’’ ftjbV ;zsK, bj{ ghD/ i'rhnK, tZYhy'o ekIhnK, gkyzvh pq k jwDk B{ z r[ o { ih B/ bz w / jEhA fbnk. b' e K B{ z b[ ZN e/ ykD dh Ekt/ A d;K B"jK dh feos eoe/ SeD dk ns/ nkgDh ewkJh ftu'A j'oK B{z tzv SekT[D dk T[gd/P fdZsk^ xkb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ.. BkBe okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ .. wH 1245 id'A t/fynk fe fJ; g{ik d/ XB ekoB pj[s eb/P g? fojk j? sK r[o{ nzrd ;kfjp ih yv{o ik fpoki/. e[M jh no;/ pkd ;zrsK dh nktkikJh tZv/ gZXo s/ j' rJh. d;tzX dh wkfJnk ns/ nzB p;so pj[s nkT[D bZr fgnk. S/sh jh ;zrsK tk;s/ fojkfJP ns/ dhtkB n;EkB tk;s/ T[;koh ;zg{oD eo bJh rJh. bzro i' ;zrs bJh fsnko j[zdk ;h, fBo'b nzfwqswJh ;h. feT[Afe fJ; ftu Bkw ozr ftu oZsh, f;nkDh wK dh nrtkJh s/ ;/tk GktBk dk nfwU 4

o; ;h. fJ;/ bJh gktB r[opkDh ftu ‘‘pbtzv yhth B/e iB’’ ‘‘nky e/ ;fseko ehsk frnk j?. f;Zy g[s Z o XhnK B{z T[j ‘‘o;[ nzfwqs[ yhfo fxnkbh’’ i' SekT[Ad/ ;B. sh;o/ BkBe r[o{ nwodk; ih B/ r[o{ eh r'be tk;s/ T[rokjh, ns/ f;Zyh gquko, bJh TZ[u/ ;[Zu/ ihtB tkb/ r[of;Zy fB:[es eoe/ d{o doki sZe d/ fJbkfenK ftu G/i/. fJ; B/e ns/ PoXk GktBk Bkb nogD ehsh rJh wkfJnk Bkb b'VtzdK, fpwkoK, ngjkiK dh ;zGkb ehsh iKdh ;h. fpBK ftseo/ s'A pj[s tZv/ g?wkB/ s/ jo ;w/A bzro ubd/ ;B. Bkb' Bkb r'fJzdtkb Bro dh T[;koh j' ojh ;h. Xow;kb skwho ehsh ik ojh ;h. gkDh dhnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB tk;s/ v{zxh pkT[bh g[NtkJh ik ojh ;h. fJjBK ;ko/ wjZstg{oB ekoiK B{z, tv/oh T[wo j'D d/ pkti{d, ;fsr[o{ ih y[d t/yd/ ;B sK fe feXo/ e[skjh Bk j' ikt/. ;kok f;b;bk fJe uzr/ tZv/ gqtko tKr, fBoftxB uZb fojk ;h. jo e'Jh nkgDh j?;hns w[skpe :'rdkB gk fojk ;h. u"E/ BkBe, r[o{ okwdk; ;kfjp B/ nzfwqs;o Bro dh T[;koh eotkJh. pj[s tZvk gqki?eN ;h. pVhnK n"eVK okj ftu nkJhnK. nkgD/ gqtko tk;s/ d' ewo/ SZsD/ j'D sK ;G e[M fte iKdk j?. eoi/ dhnK gzvK f;o uVQ iKdhnK jB. iok ;'u' ! id'A pZMth nkwdBh e'Jh Bk j't/, Pfjo t;kDk fesBk i'yw Gfonk ezw ;h. nkJhnK ;zrsK B{z ;zGkbDk, bzro s/ fojkfJP d/Dh, iks gks d/ jkwh b'eK dh fto'Xsk MZbDh, Xow T[[gd/P eoBk, gftZso pkDh dh ouBk Gh Bkb' Bkb eoBh, ;G' ekoi ;fsr[o{ dh ;[uZih nrtkJh ftu ubdk fojk, 5

s/ nZr/ tXdk fojk. nzfwqs;o tork y{p;{os Pfjo, f;Zy Xow dk e/Ado, tgko ns/ o'irko ftu w'joh ;z;ko d/ BeP/ s/ T[G Z oe/ ;kwosy gqrN j' frnk. gzuw ;fsr[o{, noiD ;kfjp ih B/, ;w/A dh Bikes B{z GKgfdnK r[o{ eh r'be tk;s/, d;tzX dk gZek fBnw pDk fdZsk. T[jBK jo r[o{ BkBe Bkw b/tk wkJh GkJh B{z, nkgDh feos ewkJh ftu'A dZ;tK fjZ;k Xow ekoiK tk;s/ r[o{ xo ftu G/iD bJh fejk. ;opZs d/ Gb/ tkb/ j' oj/ T[;ko{ ekoi t/ye/ , ;zrsK B/ fJj j[ew f;o wZE/ ep{b ehsk. feT[Afe T[jBK B{z g{ok ftPtk; ;h fe ;kvk fdZsk j'fJnk XB gdkoE, nikJh BjhA ikt/rk, ;r'A ;ekoEk j't/rk. w'fj;B ckBh, fi;B/ gzuw ;fsr[o{ ns/ S/t/A ;fsr[o{ B{z B/fVUA sfenk, nkgDh feskp ‘dfp;skB wjip’ ftu fbydk j? ^ ‘‘;oeko dh nkwdB p/fJspkoh j?. ekb, ;'ek, fpwkohnK ns/ prktsK nkfd ekoB brkB mhe tes f;o yikB/ ftu iwK BjhA j[zdk. r[o{ xo dh nkwdBh ftPtk;:'r j?. r[o{ ih fB;fuzs j'e/ b'e GbkJh tkbhnK :'iBktK pDk ;ed/ ;B.’’ ;oekoh wkbhnk, ;woEk s'A tZX nkw s"o s/ i' ipo Bkb T[rokfjnk iKdk ;h. b'eh nfs d[yh j[d z / ;B. eJhnK d/ xo T[i Z V iKd/ ;B. r[o{ eh r'be tk;s/, d;tzX dh oew, ;t?fJZSk Bkb, y[Ph y[Ph ;w/A f;o g[Zi iKdh ;h. Pfjo dh tX ojh t;'A tk;s/, ;o'to pDtkJ/. f;Zy gzE bJh e/Adoh Xow n;EkB fsnko eoBk, pj[s tZvk ekoi ;h. fco fJE/ jh pZ; BjhA. fJZe j'o tZvk Bro soBskoB t;kT[Dk, T[E/ jh e[PN torh fGnkBe fpwkoh d/ fJbki tk;s/, j;gskb y'jbDk, ghVs b'eK dh dtkdko{, eZgVk, fojkfJP s/ bzro nkfd dk ;kok gqpX z 6

eoBk. eoskog[o s/ jfor'fpzd g[o t;kT[D/, e'Jh wkw{bh ezw BjhA ;B. fJj ;ko/ b'e fjs tkb/ ezw r[o{ eh r'be (d;tzX) B{z, ;w[Zu/ Yzr Bkb ;ze'u e/ tos'A ekoB jh ;zGt j'J/. fJjBK Gb/ ekoiK okjhA f;Zyh dk x/ok ftPkb j[zdk frnk. r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B{z, pkb T[wo/ jh p/nzs w[PebK Bkb d' uko j'Dk fgnk. fgsk r[o{ ih dh dodBke Pjkds, je{ws tb'A f;o s/ bNedh yso/ dh sbtko, xo ftu fgqEh uzd d/ gqtko tb'A gkfJnk frnk eb/P. T[jBK fdqVsk ns/ f;nkDg dk ;p{s fdzfdnK jo n"eV s/ fiZs jk;b ehsh. dopko ;kfjp d/ ;kjwD/, 1609 Jh;th ftu nekb sys ;kfjp dh f;oiDk ehsh. iz r d/ pZ d b t/ y fdnK, f;Zy rZGo{nK B{z ;ohoe ns/ wkBf;e s"o s/ fsnko ehsk. nzfwqs;o dh okyh tk;s/ febk b'jrVQ dh s/ih Bkb T[;koh eotkJh. Pfjoh b' e K dh okyh tk;s/ , yk; yk; EktK s/ f;Z y gfjo/ d koK dh fvT[Nh bkJh. x'V/ yqhd/ rJ/, tXhnk jfEnko gqkgs ehs/ rJ/, r[of;ZyK tk;s/ n"y/ tes ftu ezw nkT[D tkbh o;d dk gqpzX ehsk. fJ; ;G tk;s/ g?;k feE'A nkT[Adk ;h, nkwdB d/ ;kXB eh ;B < ;zrsK tb'A ;fseko ;fjs fdZsk frnk d;tzX. g{ik G/Nk d/ fJe g?;/ B{z Gh r[o{ ih tZb'A edh nikJhA BjhA r[nkfJnk frnk. nkgD/ ftneshrs n?P nokw tk;s/ edh fJe gkJh dh Gh tos'A BjhA ehsh. ;zrsK B{z nEkj ftPtk; ;h r[o{ xo s/. fJ;/ bJh r[o{ xo ftu edh fe;/ uhi dh s'N BjhA nkT[D fdZsh. ;r'A p/Bsh eoe/ r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp B{z pkdPkj tkbh mkm pkm pDkT[D tk;s/ fejk sK fe f;Zy nkgD/ fdbK d/ wfjow B{z nfXnkswe gksPkj jh BjhA, d[Bhnkth ;i Xi tkbk gksPkj Gh t/y 7

;eD. ebrh, pki, x'V/ c"iK tkb/, whoh ghoh d/ wkbe ;Zu/ gksPkj ji{o. ;Zst/A s/ nZmt/A ;fsr[o{ tes c"iK T[;/ soQK ekfJw ojhnK, ;r'A b'VhAdk j'o ft;Eko ehsk frnk. dtkykB/ fJsB/ ftokN o{g XkoB eo rJ/ fe fdZbh gsh pkdPkj, PkjijkB dk bVek rzGho fpwko j' frnk. fe;/ th ;oekoh iK r?o;oekoh dtkykB/ ftu'A b'VhAdh dtkJh Bk fwbh. nkfyo gj[zu eoB s/, ehosg[o ;kfjp s'A r[o{ xo ftZu'A jh dtk gqkgs j' ;eh. nkyoh ;kjK se, PkjijkB Gh s/ T[;dk p/Nk dkok Gh r[o{ xo d/ nfj;kBwzd oj/. fiZE/ Gh ;fsr[o io{os wfj;{; eod/, fJ; r[o{ eh r'be B{z T[;/ EK, b'V w[skpe tos b?Ad/. fes/ ekb ghVsK bJh bzro, fpwkohnK tes fJbki, gkDh dh E[V tkbh Ekt/A ;o'to s/ y{j. fBoXBK bJh gVQkJh fbykJh, ns/ pZuhnK dh Pkdh s/ Gh fJ; r'be ftu'A XB yofunk iKdk ;h. r[o{ xo ngDhnK T[FZuhnK ;[ZuhnK otkfJsK dh pd"bs, fBwkfDnK dk wkD, fBT[fNnK dh UN, fBnk;fonK dk nk;ok, fBgZfsnK dh gZs dk gqshe pD e/ TZ[Gfonk. jo fynkb dk fJB;kB ftPtk; Bkb r[o{ xo nkT[Adk, wB fuzdhnK w[okdK gkT[Adk. ;z;koe Gh s/ nfXnkswe Gh. B"t/A ;fsr[o{, s/r pjkdo dh bkfw;kb Pjkds B/, fJBk;c g;zd b'eK B{z Mzi'V e/ oZy fdZsk. G/Nk g{ik dh wkfJnk sK Gkt/A nZr/ pj[s nkT[Adh ;h, T[;s'A pkd sK nDyhb/ B"itkB, d;w fgsk d/ uoBK ftu jkio j'e/ i'dVhnK eod/ ^ ‘‘;Zu/ gksPkj ihU. fJj ;oho fe; ezw i/ Xow d/ b/y/ Bk

8

bZfrnk. ikBK be'D tkb/, ikBK fBSkto eoB bZr gJ/. u{fjnK tKr y[ZvK ftu b[e/ j'J/ b'e, jfEnko ;{se/ w?dkB ftu fBZso gJ/. p[Mfdb s/ ekfJo rZGo{, ;fsr[o{ s'A fgnko EkgVk b? e/, wod/ w[Ikfjd pD rJ/. r[o{ xo T[Zgo, nkw b'eK d/ ftPtk; dh T[d'A f;yo j' rJh ;wM', id'A ngDhnK iwhBK t/u e/ x'V/ yqhd/ rJ/, B{j z K XhnK d/ rfjD/ t/u e/ tXhnk jfEnko yqhd/ rJ/. ;G e[M r[o{ uoBK ftu nogD eoB T[gqzs, B"itkB p/Bsh efonk eod/ ;B ^ ‘‘;fsr[o{ ih ! i' e[M Gh ;kv/ e'b ;G s'A ehwsh ;h, n;hA t/u tZN e/ s[jkv/ uoBK ftu nogD eod/ jK. ;kvhnK fBwkDhnK ikBK s/ fwZNh d/ g[sb/ ;oho Gh, i/ s[jkv/ j[ew ftu ofjzfdnK Xow noE b/y/ bZr ikD sK n;hA ngD/ tZv/ Gkr ;wMKr/ s[jkvh ji{oh ftu woe/ n;hA nwo j' iktKr/. ;kvh b'V e/tb fJzBh j? fe o[Zyk^fwZ;k d' tes gqPkdk, sB YeD bJh ;kd/ fij/ yZdo d/ egV/ s/ p;HHH’’. d;w fgsk nZr'A fgnko n;h; fdzd/ c[owkT[Ad/ ^ r[of;Zy' ! s[;hA r[o{ BkBe d/ do s/ nke/ ftPtk; gqrN ehsk j?, s[jkvk ;[nkrs j?. r?osjhD, Xow s'A ;ZyD/ ihtB Bkb'A ;{ofwnK tkbh w"s jiko doi/ uzrh j?. i/ fJj fizdrh i[bw dh uZeh ftu fg; oj/ b'eK dh GbkJh ykso b/y/ bZr ikt/ sK fJj ;"dk e'Jh wfjzrk BjhA. s[;hA r[o{ xo s/ nEkj Go';k gar q N ehsk j?, fJE'A s[jkB{z woB fiT[AD dh iku f;ykJh ikt/rh.’’ ;fsr[o{ ih dh gktB ;y;hns, ;/tk GktBk, T[Zu/ ;Z[u/ Gfty, ;ztkoB tkb/ ftuko, i[bw ftoZ[X NZeo b?D dk mkmK wkodk nEkj i'P. b'eh G"fonK 9

gszfrnK tKr nBzdg[o ;kfjp tjhoK xZs e/ g[Zi oj/ ;B. d;tzX ftu jh ngDk ehwsh tes, nzB p;so, T[m x'V,/ r'bh f;Zek sK G/N eo jh oj/ ;B, ngDhnK ;'jDhnK i[nkBhnK Gh d;tzX tKr jh nogD ehshnK ik ojhnK ;B. pjkdo wktK g[soK dk dkB eo ojhnK ;B. ;Zi ftnkJhnK tj[NhnK f;oK d/ ;KJh ngD/ ihtB ;kEhnK B{z r[o{ dopko tZb wB[Zysk dh ;/tk eoB bJh N'o ojhnK ;B. eJh GkrK tkbhnK wksk Gkr e"o dk o{g XkoB eo, f;o s/ yZcD pzBQ e/, jfEnko ;ike/, x'V/ s/ ;tko j' e/, y[d jh w?dkB ftu i{M ojhnK ;B. p/nzs phphnK G?DK g[oyK dh r?o jkioh ftu, bZyK d[y G'rdhnK gqtko B{z fit/ A fet/A ;zGkb ojhnK ;B. pZu/ pZuhnK B{z r[opkDh okjhA f;Zyh ftu gqgZe eo ojhnK ;B. d;tzX dh fJ; gktB G/N ftu'A jh ;fsr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/, nBzdg[o ;kfjp B{z ;[ofZ ynk d/ B[esk fBrkj s'A BthA soshp fdZsh. Pfjo dh okyh tk;s/, wip{s gzi feb/ pDtkJ/. fefbnK ftu o;d gkDh, s/ b'VhAd/ ;Pso d/ e/, gzi gzi ;" rZGo{ s?Bks ehs/ rJ/. fJ;/ d;tzX dh wkfJnk ftu'A, ihtB uzfrnkVh B{z wxkT[D tk;s/, pho o;h eftsktK s/ ;kfjs dh ouBk eoB bJh, ptzik eth s/ ;kfjseko oy/ rJ/ fiBQK B{z ;[D gVQe/ B"itkBK d/ v"b/ coeD br g?Ad/. ;ko/ d/P nzdo Bt u/sBk dh fJe i'odko bfjo uZb gJh. r[o{ xo, jo wkJh GkJh bJh jZe ;Zu dk gqshe pDe/ nkw b'eK B{z ;e{B d/ fojk ;h. d{i/ gk;/ ikbwK jkewK dh fjZe ftu ezv/ tKr u[ZG fojk ;h. fJjBK r[o{ to;kJ/ ethnK B{z fizdrh dhnK b'VK tk;s/ you ns/ wkB ;BwkB bJh ;G e[M r[o{ eh r'be ftu'A 10

jh fdZsk iKdk ;h. fJZe tkoh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/, r[o{ dopko ftu ft;kyh d/ i' V w/ b tes ;dk tKr wkfJnk s/ nz B p;so d/ nz p ko bZr rJ/ . PoXktkB wkJh GkJh ;'Bk uKdh, o[g? g?;/ y[Zb/ fdb Bkb nodk;K eotk oj/ ;B. e[M ifrnk;{ Gkos d/ X[o g{oph fjZ;/ ftu'A r[ o { doPBK bJh gfjbh tkoh nkJ/ j' J / ;G e[ M pV/ rj[ Bkb t/ y oj/ ;B. T[jBK B{z pVh j?okBh j' ojh ;h fe fJe Go i[nkB rGo{ j'J/ nDfrDs f;Zy ;/te j'D, T[go p/P[wko d"bs po; ojh j't/ , sK fdwkr fNekD/ ofjDk n;zGt j?. T[jBK ngDh t/dBk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih nZr/ gqrN eo fdZsh. ‘‘s[;h ;/teK s'A XB gdkoE gqkgs eo oj/ j', eh fJj mhe j? < eh ;kX{nK wjkswK B{z fJ; soQK wkfJnk b?Dh P'Gdh j? <’’ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ i[nkp fdsk ^ ‘‘gfjbh rb sK fJj j? fe nro ;zrsK B{z r[o{ BkBe d/ do s/ g{oB ftPtk; Bk j[zdk sK fJzBh d"bs fJE/ nkT[Dh jh BjhA ;h. d{i/ s[;hA fJE/ e[M fdB fNe e/ t/y b?Dk, fJ; XB ftu'A w?A s/ w/ok gqtko fBZih n?P gq;sh tk;s/ fezBh wkfJnk tosKr/ s/ ;KMhnK b'VK tk;s/ fezBh< w?A fJ; ;G ek;/ dk okyk jK, fJe soc'A nkJh s/ d{;oh soc tosk fdzdk jK. w/ohnK fBih b'VK nsh ;hws jB. s[;hA t/yd/ ofjDk, w?A tuB fdzdk jK, tes nkT[D s/ d;tzX tKr jh, w?A gzE fgnko/ s'A ;G e[M b[Nk fdnKrk. ;w/s gqtko d/, fJB;kBhns s'A i' tkoBk fgnk sK tko fdnKrk. e[M Gh ngD/ e'b b[eke/ BjhA oZyKrk, fJj ;oho Gh fgnkok BjhA oZyKrk.’’ ;Zu w[Zu jh d;w fgsk B/ i' fejk ;' eo ftykfJnk. 11

r[o{ j[ewK ftu ubfdnK, d{o doki d/ fJbkfenK ftu ihtB tkb/ r[of;Zy pj[s bzw/ ;w/A s'A Xow gquko eod/ nk oj/ ;B. Bkb jh ;zrsK s'A d;tzX dh wkfJnk fJeZso eoe/, ;kb fSwkjh fgS'A r[o{ dopko ftu G/id/ ofjzd/ ;B. ;wK phsD Bkb e[M ;tkoEh ftneshnK B/ d;tzX, (r[o{ eh r'be) dh gftZso nwkBs ftu fynkBs eoBh P[o{ eo fdZsh. d;w gksPkj ih d/ id'A fJj rZb fXnkB ftu nkJh sK nfijhnK wzd eos{sK tkfbnK B{z ;\s fusktBh fdZsh rJh. fJwkBdko w;zdK B{z r[o{ dopko ftu ;Zd e/ ;BwkBs ehsk frnk. e[M BhthA fposh tkb/ b'e id'A fco Gh pki Bk nkJ/, ;r'A r[o{ xo gqsh ngwkB iBw Ppd p'bD br/ ns/ r[o{ ih dh p/dkr, s/ ;fseko:'r ;yPhns gqsh Gh, Ifjo T[rbD bZr/ sK r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ w;zd gqBkbh dk ;dk tk;s/ ykswk eo fdZsk. f;Zy ;zrsK d/ Bkw s[ozs j[ewBkw/ ikoh eo fdZs/ rJ/ fe nZr/ s'A s[;hA f;ZX/ r[o{ xo Bkb okpsk oZyDk, fe;/ ftu'b/ (w;zd) B{z nkgDh feos Bk d/Dh. y[d N'bhnK pzB e/ nkT[D s/ d;tzX r[o{ dopko ftu nogD eoBk. r[o{ gksPkj jI{o B/ ;fseko ;fjs nkJh d;K Bj[znK dh feos dk d;tK fjZ;k, pV/ ;ze'ut/A s/ ;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb tofsnk. EK EK XowPkbktK pDtkJhnK, ;o'to g[NtkJ/, y{j brtkJ/. b'VtzdK tk;s/ bzro sK jo tes jh ubd/ ofjzd/ jB. jo fe;w d/ o'r Bftosh bJh ;ckykB/ y'jb/ rJ/ fiBQK ftu bkfJbki o'rK dk Gh fJbki ehsk iKdk ;h. eoskog[o, r'fJdtkb, nzfwqs;o, soBskoB, eoskog[o (ibzXo e'b) jfor'fpzdg[o, ehosg[o nBzdg[oHHH. 12

fJj ;ko/ Pfjo T[d'A t;kJ/ id'A ikbw je{ws x[Zr t;d/ PfjoK B{z YfjY/oh eo ojh ;h. Xow wzdoK B{z fwZNh ftu fwbkfJnk ik fojk ;h. id'A b' V wfj;{ ; ehsh sK fJ; d;tz X dh oew ftu' A YkbK sbtkoK, B/ i / , poS/, sho soeP, s'gK s/ r'bk pko{d, jkEh ns/ x'V/ yqhd/ rJ/. i[bw B{z ysw eoB tk;s/ fi; soQK Gh b'V wfj;{; ehsh tofsnk. Xow dh ns/ dph e[ubh izsK dh okyh tk;s/, feb/ i/ pDtkD/ gJ/ sK pDtkJ/. go ;dk fBPkBk fJjh ;kjwD/ oZfynk fe jo jhb/ BhftnK fBwkfDnK dh ;zGkb eoBh j?. ;zrsK B{z jdkfJs ;h fe ‘‘rohp dk w{zj r[o{ eh r'be j?.’’ fiE/ fes/ b'Vtzd t/y', T[;dh ;/tk eo', ;wM' w/o/ sZe s[jkvh d;tzX dh wkfJnk gj[u z rJh j?. fJ; gftso GktBk Bkb nogD ehs/ rJ/ XB dh BikfJi tos'A ;fsr[o{ ih B/ edh BjhA j'D fdZsh. Bk jh podkPs ehsh. eh n;hA ;fsr[o{ ih d/ T[gd/PK s'A e'Jh ;koEe ;/X b? ;eKr/ <

d;tzX gqgzok (T[FZso r[o{ ekb s/ nZi L Gkr ^ d{ik)

nmkothA ;dh d/ fGnkBe d"o ftu Gh, fJj d;tzX dh fgos fe;/ B/ fe;/ o{g ftu ubdh ojh. Gkt/A fJjBK fdBK ftu f;zx ikbw je{ws d/ yikB/ Gh b[ZN b?Ad/ ;B. nkw p/e;{o b'eK s/ i[bw Ykj[D tkfbnK B{z Gh eokoh ;ik d/ fdnk eod/ ;B, go jo fJe iE/dko, iK ftneshrs f;Zy, ;koh XB okPh ;KM/ gzEe yikB/ ftu iwK eotk fdzdk ;h. ngDhnK xo/b{ b'VK tk;s/ iE/dko 13

s'A o[g? wzr e/ b? b?Adk ;h. bzro ;kfonK dk ;KMk j[zdk ;h. eZgVk bhVk, jfEnko x'V/ ;G ;KM/ gzEe wkbeh ;B. fw;bK s'A nrbk d"o, wjkokik oDihs f;zx dk ;h. fJ; tes d;tzX dh wfonkdk Gkt/A e[M fYZbh g? rJh, go wjkoki/ B/ r[odtkfonK d/ Bkw nkwdB d/ gZe/ ;kXB i[Nk fdZs/. iK s/ ;kbkBk Bed o[g?, iK ekch ;koh T[gikT{ iwhB, fJfsjk;e r[odtkfonK d/ Bkw brtk fdZsh. sK fe r[o{ xo tb'A b'VtzdK dh ;/tk ;zGkb ftu e'Jh n"eV g/P Bk nkt/. ;w/A d/ c/o Bkb :'r gqpzX Bk j'D ekoB r[odtkfonK ftu e[ZM d[ydkJh xNBktK tkgoB bZr gJhnK. fJjBK ;G dk fJE/ fieo ehsk ikDk :'r Bjh Aj?. BBekDk ;kfjp d/ gkgh wjzs dhnK fxoDk :'r wzd eos{sK s'A jo e'Jh tkec j?. pkeh Xow n;EkBK ftu ;fEsh fJ; s'A e'Jh finkdk fpjso BjhA ;h. feT[Afe r[odtko/ ;KM/ ns/ gzEe Bk j' e/ iZdh ikfJdks dk o{g XkoB eod/ ik oj/ ;B. r[o{ eh gftZso r'be B{z fBZiAh n?Pgq;sh tk;s/ pVh p/dodh Bkb o'jfVnk ik fojk ;h. pj[s bzwh ns/ wko{ bVkJh s'A pknd r[odtko/ Pq'wDh ew/Nh d/ gqpzX ftu nk ;e/. w"i{dk ;w/A d;tzX (iK uVktk) dh fJ; oew Bkb Gkt/A pj[s ;ko/ uzr/ ekoi Gh j' oj/ jB. go jkbh wB[Zysk d/ Gb/ tkbk j'o pj[s e[M pkeh eoB tkbk fgnk j?. t?;/ sK f;ZyK dh u[BhAdk iE/pzdh j'D ekoB ;ko/ ekoi eoB dk nfXeko ;q'wDh r[odtkok gqpzXe ew/Nh e'b jh j'Dk ukjhdk j?. i/ fJ; soQK fe;/ ekoB ;zGt Bk j' ;e/ sK fJZe fJZe Pfjo dhnK ;kohnK r[odtkok gqpzXe ew/NhnK (b'eb s"o s/) fwb e/ fJZe skbw/b ew/Nh pDk b?D. fJ; skbw/b ew/Nh dk 14

fJZe ;KMk czv ekfJw eoe/ jo wjhB/ ;ko/ fJ; ftu ngDk pDdk ;odk fjZ;k gkT[D. fJeZmh j'Jh wkfJnk s'A, :'r ckfJdk b?D tk;s/, nB/eK gqki?eN T[bhe/ ik ;ed/ jB. e[M ;kdh fijh o{g o/yk fJjBK ehs/ ikD tkb/ ezwK dh fJ; soQK j' ;edh j? ^ fJeZso j'Jh r[o{ eh r'be Bkb, tZX s'A tZX r[owfs f;Zfynk e/Ado y'bQ/ ikD. jo fibk j?v e[nkNo s/ iK f;ZyK dh nkpkdh d/ fj;kp Bkb f;Zfynk e/ AdoK dh c"oh s"o s/ b'V j?. fiE'A b'Vtzd pZu/ pZuhnK r[opkDh dk P[X gkm, r[oPpd dh eEk, b?euo, fBoXkos okrK ftu ehosB ns/ PkBK wZs/ fJfsjk; pko/ ;'Mh gqkgs eo ;eD. f;Zy gzE dhnK ;kohnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB tkbk ;kv/ e'b fJ; soQAK dk fJe Gh ndkok BjhA j?. jZEhA feos eoe/ nkgD/ g?oK s/ yV/ j'D :'r pDkT[D bJh feZsk w[yh e'o; ukb{ ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB. ;e{bK ekbiK ftu gVQ oj/ j[fPnko pZfunK dh ;jkfJsk, s/ :'r nrtkJh ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?. ;w/A ;w/A ;e{bK ftu r[owfs f;Zfynk e?Ag bkJ/ ikD. y/YK ftu ;kv/ B"itkB, ;ohoe gZy'A wip{s j'D eoe/ pj[s nZSh ekor[ikoh ftyk ;ed/ jB. y/YK pko/ f;ybkJh d/D dk gqpzX ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?. fgzvK s/ e;fpnK ftu Xkowe g[;seK dhnK bkfJpq/ohnK ;Ekgs ehshnK ikD, fiE'A r[owfs dh ikDekoh fwb ;e/. fJ; soQK f;Zyh pko/ fbyD tkb/ ;kfjsekoK dk Gh j";bk tX/rk. ;[bM/ j'J/ ebkekoK s'A nkvhU thvhU, e?;NK, ehosB, eEk, BkNe nkfd dhnK fsno eotke/ r[odtkfonK d/ Bkb, bkfJpq/ohnK ftu oZyhnK ikD. tkip ehws s/ iK feokJ/ s/ jo fJZe dh gj[zu ftu j'D. r[opkDh dhnK ;ob noE 15

tkbhnK g'EhnK, fJfsjk; dhnK u'DthnK xNBktK pko/ feskpK ns/ j'o pj[gZyh Xkowe ;kfjs Skge/ tZX s'A tZX jZEK sZe g[ukT[D dk T[gokbk eoBk ukjhdk j?. Gkos dhnK ;kohnK w[y p'bhnK ftu fJjBK feskpK B{z ;EkBe b'VK w[skpe nB[tkd eotke/ ;pzXs b'eK sZe g[ukDhnK ukjhdhnK jB. d[BhnK dhnK gqwy Z[ GkPktK, fit/A uhBh, iowB, co?Au fJzrfbP, :{BkBh, o{;h s/ noph nkfd ftu soiw/ eotk e/ ngD/ B[wkfJfdnK okjhA ;pzXs d/PK ftu G/iDk pDdk j?. nX[fBe whvhJ/ d/ ;kXB ngDk e/ pj[s Xow gquko ehsk ik ;edk j?. NhHthH ;hohnb s/ fcbwK okjhA fJ; f;Zyh d/ wjkB f;XKsK B{z ;"fynK jh xo xo g[ukfJnk ik ;edk j?. nc;'; fe fJ; gZy pko/ ;'uD tk;s/ sK ;kv/ w[yh jkbh sZe tes jh BjhA eZY ;e/. ;zr/wowo dhnK nkekP S'jdhnK ehwsh fJwkosK s/ pj[s ftPkb ;o'to sK pD oj/ jB fijBK YzrK sohfenK Bkb f;Zyh tXDh c[ZbDh ;h T[j gqki?eN sK jkbh f;ZyK d/ ;[gB/ ftu Gh BjhA nkJ/. gsk BjhA fezBh d/o j'o ;[Zs/ ofjDr/< nDikDg[D/ ekoB d;tzX sK Xow noE BjhA eZYd/, e[M E'Vh fizBh G/NK, r[o{ xo nogD eoe/ f;Zy ngD/ nkg B{z ‘‘dkBh’’ ;wM p?md/ jB. d' uko d; dwV/ r[o{ xo d/e/ jzeko ftu Go iKd/ jB. nro fe;/ B/ e'Jh finkdk tZvh oew r'be tk;s/ nodk; eokJh j't/, fco sK wkB' iwhB T[s/ g?o BjhA fNedk. f;o nkekP Bkb iK S{zjdk j?. pj[stkoh ngD/ Bkw dhnK f;bK fbytke/ r[o{ xo ftu fd;D tkbh EK s/ brtkJhnK iKdhnK jB. r[o{ ;tkfoU ! ;ktXkB j'D dh b'V j?. f;Zy dkBh j'D dk Gow Bk gkb/, fJj sK 16

fBo'b wBw[yskJh j?. ;fsr[o{ s'A b'e gqbe ' dhnK ;G/ dksK wzrD tkbk T[;/ do s/ dkBh j' D dk Gow gkb/ < r[ o tke j? ^ ‘‘jw Ghye G/ y koh s/o/ s{ fBigfs j? dksk.’’ gzBk^666 fJE/ sK fBo;ze'u ;G e[M nekb g[oy s'A wzfrnk ik fojk j?^ ‘‘;kiB' s{z whs[ w/ok frqfj s/o? ;G[ e/j[.. wkB[ wKrT[ skB[ wKrT[ XB[ bywh ;[s d/fj..’’ w[efs i[rfs G[rfs g{oB, gowkBzd gow fBXkB.. G? GkfJ Grfs fBjkb BkBe, ;dk ;dk e[opkB.. gzBk 1308 f;nkD/ s/ PoXktkB r[of;Zy B/ sK r[o{ ek j[ew f;o wZE/ gqtkB eoe/, ;KM/ gzEe ekoiK tk;s/, ngDh feos ewkJh ftu'A nkwdB dk d;tK fjZ;k (d;tzX) nogD eoBk j? fe;/ s/ nfj;kB BjhA iskT[Dk j[zdk. i/ :'r Yzr Bkb ;[uZih ftT[As pDk e/, fJ; oew B{z ;KM/ ezwK s/ yofunK ikt/, sK gzE dh ekfJnk gbN ;edh j?. n;hA Bk;wMh ekoB, :shwykB/ s/ nBkE nkPow y'jbh ik oj/ jK. ;fsr[o{ ;kB{z ;[wZs pyP/. fi; dh wK ;z[doh ih j't/, fgsk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp j'D ;kok ykb;k gzE T[;dk G?D Gok j't/, fco e'Jh pZuk pZuh nBkE s/ :shw fet/A ofj ;edk j? < nfij/ PpdK dh tos'A jh ;w[Zu/ gzE ns/ ;fsr[o{ ih dh s"jhB eoB d/ s[Zb j?. fijBK ngD/ ndkfonK d/ fJ;soK d/ Bkw oZy/ jB, T[j w[V s'A ftuko eoB. f;Zy pZu/ :shB s/ nBkE BjhA j'fJnk 17

eod/. :j{dh e"w fszB jiko ;kb sZe do^do GNedh, y[nko j[zdh ojh. d{;oh ;z;ko izr tes iowB d/ skBkPkj fjNbo B/ :j{dhnK dk ;otBkP eoB dh gZeh mkD bJh. pVh eo{osk Bkb T[;B/ nrfj s/ nefj s;hj/ d/ e/ brgr ;Zm bZy :j{dhnK B{z w"s d/ xkN T[sko fdZsk. pVh xkse ;ZN ;h fJj ;koh :j{dh e"w tk;s/. e[opkB ikJhJ/ T[jBK d/ f;nkD/ s/ d{onzd/P bhvoK s'A fiBQK fJZe e/Adoh ezNo'b p'ov dh ;EkgBk eoe/ ;z;ko d/ XBh b'eK ns/ ;oekoK s'A ;jkfJsk wzrh. fJ; fJeZmh j'Jh oew Bkb T[ZiV T[ZyV u[e/ G?Dk GoktK B{z w[V t;kT[D bJh wds ehsh rJh. brksko dh fjzws ns/ f;nkDg ;dek, pj[s S/sh :j{dh e"w ;zGb rJh. d[BhnK d/ BeP/ s/ fJe BtK w[be niokfJb 1949 ftu ;keko gqrN j' frnk. s/ih Bkb ftek; eo oj/ d/PK ftu'A nZi N?eBkb'ih ns/ y/sh ftu niokfJb w'joh o'b fBGk fojk j?. Gkos Bkb'A d' ;kb pknd ftu nkikd j'e/, wko{EbK ftu t;e/, g{oh e"w dk T[ikVk MZb e/, wzibK wkodk ngDh f;nkDg s/ fjzws ;dek, pj[s nZr/ fBeb uZ[fenk j?. n;hA T[jBK dh j'Dh gVQe/ pj[s e[M f;Zy ;ed/ jK. nkU j[D r[o{ j[ewK dh o"PBh ftu r[o{ eh r'be iK d;tzX pko/ e[M ikD bJhJ/. d;tzX eZYDk fezBK io{oh j? s/ d;tzX dh tos'A fet/A eoBh j? fJ; pko/ ftuko eoBk Gh nsh io{oh j?. fJ; pko/ ;fseko:'r GkJh ;kfjp ;Zsk

18

pbtzv ih, GkJh ;kfjp r[odk; ih ns/ j'o g[oksB ofjsBkfwnK dh o'PBh ftu t/y e/ ftuko eo bJhJ/. r[o{ xo d/ gqw[Zy opkph ehosBhJ/ GkJh ;kfjp ;Zsk s/ pbtzv ih bzw/ ;w/A s'A gktB r[opkDh dk o;fGzBk ehosB ;zrsK B[z ;otD eotk oj/ ;B. T[jBK d/ wB ftu tZv/ r[DtkB j'D dk Gow g?dk j' frnk. fizdrh dhnK b'VK tk;s/ ;G gdkoE r[o{ xo tb'A fwb oj/ ;B. T[jBK dh bVeh d/ ftnkj tk;s/ Gh gzuw gksPkj B/ b'VhAdh oew d/Dh gqtkB eo bJh. go T[j bkbu t; j'e/ finkdk o[g? b?D dh fiZd eoB bZr/. ;fsr[o{ B/ ;zrsK tb'A nkJh wkfJnk B{z ;zeu ' e/ tos' d/ fynkb Bkb pj[sh oew d/D s'A n;woEk ikfjo ehsh. T[jBK r[Z;/ ftu Goe/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ns/ r[o{ xo gqsh ngwkB iBe Ppd tos/ . T[jBK dh bkbuh fposh t/ye/ ns/ wbhD j'Jh p[ZXh wfj;{; eoe/ r[o{ ih B/ s[ozs ub/ ikD bJh nkd/ P d/ fdZs k. r[ o { noiD ;kfjp nZr ' A ehosB dh ;/ t k y[ d eoB bZr gJ/ , f;Z y ;z r sK ob fwbe/ eoB bZr gJhnK. ;Zs/ pbtzv B{z id'A fe;/ w{zj Bk bkfJnk sK e[ZM jh ;w/A ftu fizdrh dhnK b'VK s'A nks[o j' rJ/. fJjBK GkJh bZXk ih goT[ekoh okjhA gzuw ;fsr[o{ s'A fBwosk ;kfjs w[nkch wzrh. ;fsr[o{ B/ fejk^‘‘j[D rZb pj[s nZr/ fBeb uZ[eh j?, s[;hA w[nkchBkwk fby e/ fdU.’’ T[jBK gSskt/ d/ jzM{ tokT[AfdnK i' w[nkchBkwk ;fsr[o{ ih B{z fbye/ fdZsk T[j ;dk tk;s/ r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu ;[oZfyns j' frnk j?. bkbuh fposh tkb/ ftnshnK B{z fJ; s'A pj[s ;[zdo f;Zfynk fwb ;edh j?. fJ; w[nkch Bkw/ ftu T[j gfjbK r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh tfvnkJh eod/ 19

jB. fco ngD/ tb'A ehs/ s/ gSskT[Ad/ jB. gzeshnK fJ; gqeko jB ^ ‘‘bp[ ftDkj/ wkD;k fiT[ gkDh p[o{..HHH tfoQn? dorj r[o{ eh e[dosh B{o[..HHH fBzdk s/oh i' eo/ ;' tzM? u{o[..’’HHHH

gzBk^967

XzB r[o{ noiB ;kfjp sK wB[y Z B{z ;jh wkor doPB eod/ j'J/ c[owKd/ jB ^ T[dw[ eo/AfdnK ihT[ s{z ewktfdnK ;[y G[u[.. fXnkfJfdnK s{z gqG fwb[ BkBe T[soh fuzs.. wHgH^522 j/ GkJh ! nkb;h iK ftjbV Bk pD T[dw fjzws eoe/ fJZis tkb/ ihtB tk;s/ e'Jh g?dktkoh ;kXB ngDk. fe;/ d{i/ d/ jZEK tZb jh Bk sedk oj[. tkfjr[o{ B{z fXnkT[AfdnK Gb/ ezw eofdnK wBZ[yk ihtB ;cbk eob?. f;ZyK d/ t/d ftnk;, GkJh ;kfjp r[odk; ih g{ik d/ XkB s'A toid/ j'J,/ fJ; B{z wko{ Ifjo dh fBnkJh d; oj/ jB.. tke j?^ fiT[ fwoikdk fjzd{nK rkT[ wk; nyki.. w[;bwkDk ;{no j[ ;"rzd ftnki.. ;j[ok xfo itkJhn? gkDh wdoki..

20

;jk B ykJh u{jVk wkfJnk w[jski.. fiT[ fwm? wyh wo? fs; j'fJ neki.. fsT[ Xow;kb dh Mke j? ftj[ y/v{ gki ..12$34.. GkJh ;kfjp ih i'odko PpdK okjhA skVBk eod/ jBl fit/A fjzd{nK ftu rT{wk; BjhA ykXk iKdk. w[;bwkBK bJh ftnki b?Dk gkg eow j?. ;j[ok, Xh itkJh d/ xo dk gdkoE nzrheko BjhA eodk. rohp j'D s/ Gh u{jVk ;j/ dk wk; BjhA yKdk. i/ wZyh fYZb/ r[V s/ p?m ikt/ sK EkJ/ ofj ikB r[nk pfjzdh j?. T[j fwmk iK ;[ndbk gdkoE T[; bJh w"s dk g?rkw pD iKdk j?. p; T[go tofDs T[dkjoDK s'A ;gPN j? fe f;Zy bJh g{ik dk XkB (Xow;kb dh Mke) wkB'A fJ; soQK j? fit/A yzv ftu fbgNh e'Jh Ifjo j't. / r[o{ xo dh ;/tk eofdnK, Bkw igfdnK, fJZe jZd nzdo ofje/, ngDhnK gqtkoe b'VK r[o{ xo ftu'A g{ohnK eoBhnK :'r jB. gqzs{ g{ik d/ XB B{z n?P' nkokw dk ;kXB Bk pDkfJnk ikt/. fJ; soQK s/ wB ftekoK Bkb Go ikt/rk. GkJh ;kfjp r[odk; ih ;ktXkB eod/ jB ^ i?;/ sT[ no'r G'r G'rt? BkBk gqeko, fpoEktzs ykfBgkfB fod? B fjsktJh.. i?;/ wfjyh ;fjB;hb e? Xhoi X[ik, nfin w? sBe eb/i' B ;wktJh.. i?;/ i'joh fp;kj? p/u? jhok wkBekfd,

21

oze g? B okfyU go? i'r B irtJh.. s?;/ r[o gou? gftso j? g{ik gq;kfd, ngu[ ngou? d[;fj d[y gktJh.. (GkL r[L 505 efps) fw;kbK d/ e/ ;wMkfJnk j?l fit/A szdo[;s ftnesh i' ih ukj/ yk bt/ go gu iKdk j?. go o'rh B{z e[M Gh jiw BjhA j[zdk. fit/A wZM tZv/ firo/ tkbh j'D eoe/ S/sh xkpo dh BjhA. pZeoh ftukoh pVh ewI'o j'D eoe/ S/sh vo iKdh j?. fit/A i"joh wB[Zy fBZs ;'B/ uKdh s/ jhfonK dk tDi eodk j?, go ezrkb fJB;kB B{z nuBu/sh fes'A pj[sk o[fgnk fwb ikt/ sK T[j ;zGkb BjhA ;edk. fJ;/ soQK r[o{ xo d/ ;/tkdko tk;s/ ;ze'u ftu ofjzfdnK, b'VK g{ohnK eoBhnK ikfJi jB. r[o{ Bfws nogD ehsh wkfJnk B{z r[o{ eh nwkBs ;wfMnk ikt/ b[ZN dk wkb BjhA. d;w gksPkj ji{o d/ fBih ;/te GkJh ;kfjp d/;k f;zx ih ngD/ ofjsBkw/ ftu nzes eo rJ/ jB ^ i/ e' f;y g[ikoh nj?.. ;' Gh g{ik pj[s B bj?.. sB fBopkj wkso ;' b/t?.. nfXe j'fJ sk ifj sfj d/t?.. ofjsBkwk GkJh d/;k f;zx Gktl i/ e'Jh r[of;Zy r[o xo dh ;/tk eodk j? s/ j'o e'Jh ewkJh dk ;kXB BjhAj?. sK ngDh b'V tk;s/ r[o{ xo ftu'A wkfJnk dh tos'A eo ;edk 22

j?. e/tb sB d/ fBopkj tk;s/ jh tos/. i/ r[o{ xo pj[sh wkfJnk nkt/ sK b'VtzdK ftu tosk fdZsh ikt/ j'o t/y' ^ fiT[ iBBh fBi sB[i e' fBwy ifjo Bfj d/s.. fsT[ g{ik eh nz; :fj ;op d{y e' j/s.. r[ofpbk; gkL d;thA Gktl fit/ wK nkgD/ bkvb/ ;g[Zso B{z edh Gh ifjo BjhA d/ ;edh. p; fJ;/ soQK fJj g{ik dk XB, f;ZyK bJh ifjo dh fBnkJh j?. fJ;/ bJh ;fsr[o{ B/ fJ; s'A tofink j?. j'o t/y' ^ ‘‘fijVh r[odtko/ dh e"vh j? ;' fpyts j?. no T[j fe;/ B{z BjhA gudh. go i' nksw? efoe? nZm/ gfjo gow/Po dk GiB ;/tk eo/ , ns/ G'iB E'Vk eo/ sK T[;B{z gudh j?. i' g{ik dh uhi B{z pj[sk gZb/ pzB bt/, no pj[sk ykt/, ;' T[;B{z fpyts j' Gk;dh j?.’’ frnkB osBktbh^ GkJh ;fjp wBh f;zx ih. fJj io{oh T[gd/P Gh jo r[of;Zy d/ fijB ftu v{zxk T[Zso ikDk ukjhdk j? fe T[;B/ ;KM/ gzEe ekoiK tk;s/ ngDh feos ewkJh ftu'A d;tzX io{o eZYDk j?. Bk fJ;B{z ‘‘dkB’’ ;wfMnk ikt/ s/ Bk fe;/ s/ ‘‘nfj;kB’’ wzfBnk ikt/. fJ; goEkJ/ Gh ofjs BkfwnK ftu nB/e gowkD jB. e[M jtkb/ fJ; soQK jB^

23

‘‘Xow feos d/ Bc/ ftu'A r[o{ noE d;tzX d/t/. Xow ;kbhnK gho n"o wohd Bk pD'’’. ofjsBkwk GkJh ;kfjp u"gk f;zx ih ‘‘d;By eo i' eko ewkt?..sK eo i' XB xo wfj fbnkt?.. fJ;s/ r[o d;"AX i' d/Jh.. f;zx ;[ ir pj[ i; wfj b/Jh..’’ ofjsBkwk GkJh ;kfjp Bzd bkb f;zx ih. ‘‘i' ngBh feS eo/ ewkJh.. r[o fjs d/j d;tzX pBkJh..’’ r[o gqskg ;{oi rqE z , 1^11 ‘‘d;tzX r[o{ Bfj d/tJh M{m p'b i' ykfJ.. ej? r'fpzd f;zx bkb ih fs;ek feS Bk fp;kfj..’’ GkJh ;kfjp Bzd bkb f;zx ih. pkp/ e/ pkpo e/ d'T{.. nkg eo/ gow/;o ;'T{.. dhB Pkj fJBe' gfjukB'.. d[Bh gsh T[B e' T[BwkB'.. i' pkp/ e/ dkw Bk d? j?.. fsB s/ rfj pkpo e/ b? j?.. d? d? fsB e' pvh ;ikfJ.. g[zB b? j? frqj b{N pBkfJ.. r[o gqskg ;{oi ^ nz;^13 pkpofenK B{z gqwkswk B/ Gkos ftu b[N/o/ pDk e/ G/fink, go Bkb jh 24

pkp/fenK (r[o{ ;kfjpkB) B{z rohp izsk dh okyh tk;s/ ;z;ko s/ G/i fdZsk. pkp/ e/ Xow d/ oky/ jB, pkpo e/ Xosh d/ wkbe pD p?m/. i' ftnesh pkp/fenK dh PoB ftu nk frnk, T[j pkpofenK dh wko s'A pu frnk. i' ;fsr[o{ dh PoD BjhA nkJ/ T[jBK B{z pkpofenK B/ b[ZfNnk s/ y{p e[ZfNnk. nwho b'eK B{z ;ys s;hj/ d/ e/ xoK ftu'A dZfpnk XB jkewK B/ eYtk e/ ekp{ eo fbnk. fco feT[A Bk dhB d[Bh d/ oky/, ;fsr[o{ ih B{z d;tzX d/ fdZsk ikt/. ;z;ko gqf;ZX o?Fv Z eok; ;wki ;/th ;z;Ek, ;ftNIob?Av d/ fJe gqc ' ; ? o B/ ;hws fij/ ;kXBk Bkb ;zB 1865 ftu P[o{ ehsh ;h. j"bh j"bh ftek; eodh ;tk e[ ;" ;kb pknd ;z;ko ftu fJj ;z;Ek nkgDh Bt/ebh ns/ ;BwkB:'r EK pDk u[e Z h j?. nwho b'eK d/ dkB ns/ e[M ;oekoK dh wds Bkb fJ; B/ izrK i[ZXK iK j'o w[PebK d/ ;w/A b'e GbkJh d/ pj[s ezw ehs/ jB. ;ftNIob?Av tk;h i/ ;G s'A tX fe;/ rZb s/ wkD wfj;{; eod/ jB sK T[j o?FZv eok; jh j?. feT[Afe fJ; fe;w dh ;/tk T[jBK B/ P[o{ ehsh. nc;'; fe n;hA ;z;ko B{z BjhA dZ; ;e/ fe n? wB[Zysk B{z fgnko eoB tkfbU ! fJj wjkB ekoi sK r[o{ BkBe d/ xo T[;s'A ;dhnK gfjbK s'A j[zdk nk fojk j?. ;zB 1685 s'A sK pekfJdk fJe ftGkr pDk e/ GkJh xBZJhnk ih B{z T[; dk w[yh Ekg fdZsk frnk. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp ih dk j[ew wzBd/ GkJh ih nkgD/ g{o/ iE/ ;w/s, fGnkBe izrK i[X Z K ftu, toQd/ r'fbnK ftu P{ed/ shoK s/ fbPedhnK sbtkoK dh Skt/A, p/y"c, wB[Zysk dh ;/tk eo oj/ ;B. fiE/

25

fgnkf;nK B{z ib, G[ZfynK B{z gqPkdk SekT[Ad/ ;B, T[E/ i\whnK B{z wbQw gZNh eoBh, gqkD fsnkr u[fZ enK dhnK b'EK B{z b/y/ bkT[D dh ;/tk Gh ngD/ fizw/ bJh j'Jh ;h. fJj wjkB ;/tk, fpBK fjzd{ w[;bwkB iK f;Zy d/ fGzB G/d s'A ehsh iKdh ;h. ;fsr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp, wB[Zysk d/ edodkB dk gktB T[gd/P jh fJ; soQK ;h. n;hA ngD/ d;tzX dh oew (e[ZM fjZ;k) fJj' fij/ goT[geko tkb/ Gb/ ekoiK s/ Gh sK you ;ed/ jK. o?FZv eok; ;z;Ek s'A n;hA pj[s gfjb'A fJjh ;/tk tkbk ezw nozG eo fdZsk ;h. ;kv/ pko/ ;z;ko ftu e'Jh BjhA ikDdk, j'o s/ j'o ;ko/ f;Zy Gh fJ; wkD:'r ekoi pko/ BjhA ikDd/. b'V j? nZi gose/ ngD/ nzdo Mksh wkoB dh. f;Zy ;zrsK tb'A Xow noE nk ojh oew B{z ezNo'b eoB dh. mhe ;/X d/e/ :'r EK s/ tos'A eoB dh. f;Zy ;z;EktK B/ tZv/ bzro ubk bJ/, Bro ehosB pj[s j' rJ/', p?Av tki/ , GzrV/ s/ nksPpkihnK s/ Gh pj[s XB T[vk fbnk j?. go jkJ/ ! gzikj iK ;" ;kb dk GftZy w[yh ykb;k gzE dh ftrVh ;ztkoB tkbk e'Jh ekoi BjhA T[bhfenk fgSb/ gzdoK ;kbK d/ y{Bh d"o ftu, gzikp d/ nDfrDs gqtko popkd j' u[Ze/ jB. T[jBK dh fe;/ B/ pKj BjhA cVh, d[Zy dod BjhA tzvkfJnk. fdZbh, p[eko', ekjBg[o, fGbkJh nkfd EktK s/ p/e;{o f;ZyK dk esb/nkw j'fJnk. xo ;kV fdZs/, d[ekBK, ekoykB/ bZ[N bJ/ rJ/ s/ popkd eo fdZs/ rJ/. i' ftnesh b/y/ bZr rJ/ T[jBK dh fe;/ nZi sZe gZeh ftPtk;:'r frDsh Gh BjhA ehsh. d[Zy GZ[y Bkb ftbe oj/ gqtkoK dh, fe;/ B/ ;ko BjhA bJh. r[o{ xo B/ sK T{uhnK otkfJsK fBGkT[AfdnK r?o f;ZyK d/ Gh d[yV/ d{o ehs/ ;B. ikBK tko 26

e/ Gh wk;{wK dh oZfynk ehsh ;h. eh j' frnk j? f;ZyK d/ u"XohnK B{z fe ;kv/ ngD/ G?D Gok s/ pZu/ dodo dhnK m'eoK ykD bJh wIp{o jB. r[o{ cb;c/ dh o"PBh ftu iok ;'u' ! fe; ezw jB fJj ;zr/wowo dhnK nkbhPkB ftPkb fJwkosK i/ d[fynko/ f;Zy, Bhb/ nzpo j/m, eVke/ dh ;odh, i{B i[bkJh dh nZr torh X[Zg, pkoPK, jB/ohnK ftu oksK eZN oj/ jB. eh ;ztkoBr/ fJj ;'jD/ o/Pwh o[wkb/ s/ ehwsh uzd'J/ i/ f;ZyK d/ bys/ firo (pZu)/ Bzr/ XV fdB eNh eo oj/ jB. tZv/ gZXo s/ ub oj/ bzro, oZfinK B{z jh oik oj/ jB, go ;kv/ nDfrDs G?D Gok G[Zy/ g/N, tes B{z XZek d/ oj/ jB. fJe gk;/ nzsK dh nwhoh j?, fizdrh dk mkm pkm j?, ;[y ;j{bsK jB, sK d{i/ gk;/ f;Zy pZu/, fizdrh dhnK w[YbhnK b'VK s'A Gh ;ZyD/ jB. ;e{b gZXo se dh gVQkJh Gh BjhA eo ;ed/, ch;K BjhA Go ;ed/, T[j Gh f;ZyK d/ pZu/ jB. d{i/ gk;/ f;ZyK d/ jh pZu/ ;e{b ekbi ;e{NoK, ekoK s/ iKd/ jBHHHH. ;zB ’84 dh fGnkBe wko ftu T[FZiV u[eh nZyK ;kjwD/ f;o d/ ;KJh B{z sVgd/ j'J? dw s'Vd/ t/y u[Zeh gqtko d/ pkoK ihnK B{z sVg sVg e/ wod/ t/y u[eh, phph doPB e"o B{z id'A fJe gZsoeko B/ fJj ;tkb ehsk fe ‘‘s[jkB{z ;[gohw e'N dh jdkfJs s/ ;oeko tb'A eJh bZy o[fgnk w[nkti/ d/ o{g ftu fwbD tkbk j?. s[;hA T[; pj[s tZvh oew dk eh eo'r/ <’’ phph doPB e"o B/ sVgd/ wB s/ SbedhnK nZyK Bkb gZsoeko tZb t/fynk. nZr dh bkN tor/ e[M Ppd ngD/ w{zj'A eY/. fJT[A gqshs j'fJnk, wkB' ;ko/ f;Zy gzE dh o{j B{z nDy r?os B{z T[;B/ M[b; e/ ;[nkj eo fdZsk. T[;d/ ezpd/ j'mK ftu'A fJj Ppd 27

fBeb/ ^ ‘‘w?A T[; fwb/ g?;/ Bkb ;G s'A gfjbK oZi oZi e/ pj[s ;kohnK o'NhnK yktKrh. s/oK ;kb s'A w?A G[y Z Bkb sVcdh ftbedh ojh jKHHH w?A s/ w/o/ pZuH/ HHHH.’’ f;Zy ;zrsK tb'A nk ojh, d;tzX dh wkfJnk dk o[y Z pdbD dh c"oh b'V j?. GftZy w[yh T[;ko{ ekoi T[bheD dh io{os j?. d[BhnK d/ fe;/ fyZs/ ftu Gh fJe f;Zy B{z sebhc j't/ sK ;kok gzE ghV dk nB[Gt eo/. fJe f;Zy G[Zyk ;"t/ sK ;ko/ gzE B{z BhAd Bk nkt/. fJe f;Zy s/ feXo/ finkdsh j't/ sK ;kok gzE T[;dh wZdd tk;s/ T[wV gt/. fBih y[droihnK, b'G bkbu, rZdhnK u"XoK dh geV s'A T[Zgo T[Zme/, ;'uDk ;w/A dh wzr j?. fizdrh d/ jo y/so ftu fgnko s/ ;fj:'r dh b'V j?. nro fJ; soQK Bk ehsk frnk, r[cbs dh BhAd ftu ;[s/ oj/ sK wkB'A ngDh iV nkg y[d eZNoj/ j'tKr/. nkswxks eoB bJh cK;h dk czdk wkB' y[d ngD/ rb ftu gk oj/ j'tKr/. ;fsr[o{ ;kvk wkor doPB eo/, fJj' nodk; j? i'dVh j?. nebh ;kfjp[ ;/thn?, nebh gkJhn? wkB[.. nebh gfVe? p[Mhn? nebh ehu? dkB[.. BkBe[ nky? rj[ J/j[ j'fo rbK ;?skB[..

28

gzBk L 1245

b/ye dhnK j'o ouBktK g[;seK 1H Xow d/ BK s/HHH. 2H ;kvk p/Vk fJT[A rofenkHHH. 3H g"okDe eEktK dk nzs. 4H gzikp ftu'A f;ZyK dk ;opBk;. feskpu/ 1H d;tzX gqzgok 2H w?B{z f;Zyh s/ wkD j? 3H r[o{ noi[B ;kfjp ih 4H wkbk dh eokwks 5H f;Zy f;XKs 6H ro[V uV/ r'fpzd nkfJbk 7H fdB[ o?fD ;G ;[jktD/ fgnko/ 8H ;G s/ tvk ;fsr[o{ BkBe[ nkvhU ;hHvhI 1H f;Zy f;XksK dk fBy/Vk (18 xzN/ eEk MP-3) 2H fJfsjk; dk r"ot (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3) 3H eh fJj f;ZyK d/ fsT[jko jB< (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3) 4H r[oT[gd/;a eh j?< (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3) 5H pBko; d/ mZr (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3) 6H tfjw Gow feT[A< (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3) 7H r[opkDh dk ukBD (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3) 8H r[opkDh d/ 52 j[ew (26 xzN/ d'' Gkr eEk MP-3) 9H f;Zyh s/ wkD (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3) thvhU ;hHvhia 10H f;Zyh dk wkD (thvhU ;hvh eEk) 11H r[o{ nwodk; ih (thvhU ;hvh eEk) 12H nodk; eh j?< (thvhU ;hvh eEk) 13H uVQdh ebk fet/A j't/ (thvhU ;hvh d' Gkr ;[nkb i[nkp) 14H eh Boe ;[or j?< (thvhU ;hvh) 15H Xow ftfdnk io{oh

(thvhU ;hvh)

cfsj gpbhe/;aBi ;kv/ tZb'A sZs r[ows gqrN eoB tkb/ eoKsheko ftdtkBK dhnK nBw'b g[;seK fwb ;edhnK jB. fiBQK ftu wkbk c/oB, u"eV/ wkoe/ ;wkXhnK bkT[D, fpBK ;wM/ f;woB eoB s/ ozr pozr/ gkm eoB d/ sohe/ BjhA f;ykJ/ rJ/, ;r'A gzE dh uVQdh ebk tk;s/, fBoG? j' e/, fjZeK skDe/, ebw dh p/i'V skes okjhA, ;z;ko ;Bw[y r[opkDh d/ ukBD ftu, jZe gqkgs eoB bJh wod/ w[ikfjd pDkT[dhnK jB. i' b/ye ftekT{ BjhA pD/, Gkt/A xo iwhB ;G fte rJ/. e[M fBXVe b/yeK B{z g[ikohnK B/ “gzE” ftu S/e fdsk j?. pkehnK B{z S/eD dh fsnkoh ftu jB. n;hA ft;atk;a d[nkT[Ad/ jK fe ;kvhnK goyhnK s/ gVhnK j'JhnK feskpK jh s[jkv/ jZEK ftu g[iDrhnK. r[owfs fto'Xh e{Vk eoeN BjhA g[Zi/rk. ftfrnkBe BiaohJ/ Bkb r[opkDh dh e;tZNh s/ goyhnK, sZs r[owfs g[;seK s/ ;hHvhiaH wzrkT[D bJh ;kv/ Bkb ;zgoe eo' ih.

feskpK fwbD dk gsk eztodhg f;zx cfsj gpbhe/;aBia 91^ftfdnk Bro, ;kjwD/ gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk (gzikp). w'pH L 98144^55582