Dan 109
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CIVIL AVIATION Overview The history of civil aviation in India began in December 1912. This was with the opening of the first domestic air route between Karachi and Delhi by the Indian state Air services in collaboration with the imperial Airways, UK, though it was a mere extension of London-Karachi flight of the latter airline. Three years later, the first Indian airline, Tata Sons Ltd., started a regular airmail service between Karachi and Madras without any patronage from the government. At the time of independence, the number of air transport companies, which were operating within and beyond the frontiers of the company, carrying both air cargo and passengers, was nine. It was reduced to eight, with Orient Airways shifting to Pakistan. These airlines were: Tata Airlines, Indian National Airways, Air service of India, Deccan Airways, Ambica Airways, Bharat Airways and Mistry Airways. In early 1948, a joint sector company, Air India International Ltd., was established by the Government of India and Air India (earlier Tata Airline) with a capital of Rs 2 crore and a fleet of three Lockheed constellation aircraft. Its first flight took off on June 8, 1948 on the Mumbai (Bombay)-London air route. At the time of its nationalization in 1953, it was operating four weekly services between MumbaiLondon and two weekly services between Mumbai and Nairobi. The joint venture was headed by J.R.D. Tata, a visionary who had founded the first India airline in 1932 and had himself piloted its inaugural flight.
Significance of Air Transport Air transport is the most modern, the quickest and the latest addition to the modes of transport. Because of speed with which aero planes can fly, travel by air is becoming increasingly popular. As far as the world trade is concerned it is still
1
dominated by sea transport because air transport is very expensive and is also unsuitable for carrying heavy, bulky goods. However, transportation of high value light goods and perishable goods is increasingly being done by air transport.
Nationalization of Airlines The
soaring
prices
of
aviation
fuel,
mounting
salary
bills
and
disproportionately large fleets took a heavy toll of the then airlines. The financial health of companies declined despite liberal Government patronage, particularly from 1949, and an upward trend in air cargo and passenger traffic. The trend, however, was not in keeping with the expectations of these airlines which had gone on an expansion spree during the post-World War II period, acquiring aircraft ad spares. The Government set up the Air Traffic Enquiry Committee in 1950 to look into the problems of the airline. Though the Committee found no justification for nationalization of airlines, it favored their voluntary merger. Such a merger, however, was not welcomed by the airlines.
Open-Sky Policy The Open-sky policy came in April 1990. The policy allowed air taxioperators to operate flights from any airport, both on a charter and a non charter basis and to decide their own flight schedules, cargo and passenger fares. The operators were, however, required to use aircraft with a minimum of 15 seats and conform to the prescribed rules. In 1990, the private air taxi-operators carried 15,000 passengers. This number increased to 4.1 lakh in 1992, 29.2 lakh in 1993, 36 lakh in 1994 and 48.9 lakh in 1995. The 1996, private air taxi operators carried 49.08 lakh passengers which amounted to a 41.14 per cent share in the domestic air passenger traffic. Seven operators viz NEPC Airlines, Skyline NEPC, Jet Air, Archana Airways, Sahara India
2
Airlines, Modiluft and East West Airlines have since acquired the status of scheduled airlines. Besides this there were 22 nonscheduled private operators and 34 private operators holding no-objection certificate in 1996. The number of plus 120 category aircraft in the private sector was 34 and the total fleet strength was 75 in June, 1996. Two out of seven scheduled air taxi operators suspended their operations in 1996 because of the non-availability of aircraft.
Infrastructure and Related Facilities: Airport Authority of India: Set up on April 1,1995 by amalgamating the international Airport Authority of India and the National Airport Authority of India, the Airport Authority of India was to handle all matters relating to infrastructure for civil air traffic and transport at the international
and
the
domestic
airports
and
enclaves
in
the
country.
Development of Civil Aviation The repeal of the Air Corporation Act from 1 March 1994 enabled private operators to provide air transport services. Six operators were given the status of scheduled operators on 1 February 1995. Currently there are five international airports and 87 domestic airports in the country with 28 civilian enclaves for defence purposes. The Airport Authority of India plans to invest Rs 35,000 million for the construction and up gradation of airports. Budgetary support of Rs 485.50 million was allocated to AAI in 1996-97. In august 1996, in a major policy decision, the government allowed the private sector to set up air cargo complexes in a bid to ensure smooth movement of export cargo. Domestic and foreign investors including NRIs have been invited to participate in the
development
of
infrastructure
support
at
select
airports.
With a market share of 43% Indian airlines is the biggest player in aviation.
3
Rs 24,710 million have been marked for development of the civil aviation sector in the annual plan for 1997-98.
Future Outlook of the Industry Future projections reflect that the air cargo industry both in the domestic sector and the international sector will continue in its upward trend of growth. Fig.1 reflects that the domestic air cargo will continue at a somewhat steady rate of growth whereas the international air cargo movement as illustrated in Fig.2 shows a steeper rate of growth indicating that international air cargo trade will flourish at a higher rate of growth.
DESCRIPTION ABOUT MACHINE AND
EQUIPMENT:
What is antenna? An antenna changes radio signals in the air into electricity, or vice versa. Antennas send signals, receive signals, or both. All NETGEAR wireless devices have an antenna, either a visible pole on the outside, or inside where you do not see it. The distance that an antenna sends (transmits) depends on the type, and the amount of power running through it. However, the distance from which an antenna can receive (or to be more exact, how faint a signal it can receive) is not based on power, but on how sensitive it is. Therefore, how far apart two antennas communicate depends on how powerful the transmitter is, as well as how sensitive the receiver's antenna is. (For example, NASA can hear signals from the Mars Rover not because it has a powerful antenna, but because its signal is received on massive, very sensitive antennas.)
4
The amount of power that antennas are allowed to transmit is regulated by the country you live in. Many people in a city must use the same antenna channels, and no one can use a signal that is so strong it stops everybody else from being able to use it.
What is radar? Radar is an acronym for "radio detection and ranging." A radar system usually operates in the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) or microwave part of the radio-frequency (RF) spectrum, and is used to detect the position and/or movement of objects. Radar can track storm systems, because precipitation reflects electromagnetic field at certain frequencies. Radar can also render precise maps. Radar systems are widely used in air-traffic
control,
aircraft
navigation,
and
marine
navigation.
High-power radar, using large dish antennas, has been used to measure distances to the moon, other planets, asteroids, and artificial satellites. From unmanned space probes, radar has been used to map Venus, whose surface is obscured at visible wave lengths by a thick layer of clouds. Radar has been employed by NASA (the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to make highly detailed topographical maps of the earth's surface as well. Most radar systems determine position in two dimensions: azimuth (compass bearing) and radius (distance). The display is in polar co ordinates. A rotating antenna transmits RF pulses at defined intervals. The delay between a transmitted pulse and the echo, or return pulse, determines the radial position of the plotted point(s) for each azimuth direction on the display. The greater the echo delay from a particular object in space, the farther from the display center its point appears. The maximum range of a UHF or microwave radar system depend son the height of the antenna above average
5
terrain, the topography of the surface in the region, the atmospheric conditions in the region, and in some cases the level of radio back ground noise. Radar is known to the general public for its use by law enforcement in determining the speeds of motor vehicles. This type of radar does not display the exact position of an object, but determines its radial speed vector from the Doppler effect. A radar detector, which consists of a simple UHF/microwave broadband receiver, can be used in a car or truck to warn drivers of the presence of police radar. Radar detectors are illegal in some states. The Weather Service uses so-called Doppler radar to determine not only the positions and extent of storm systems, but wind patterns and velocities aloft. Doppler radar employs a combination of position-sensing and speed-sensing radar, making it possible to ascertain the locations and intensity of severe thunderstorms, hurricanes, and tornadoes. Radar has been used on the high-frequency (HF) radio bands, between approximately 5 MHz and 20 MHz, in an attempt to obtain early warning in the event of a nuclear assault via ballistic missiles. The ionosphere refracts HF waves, allowing much greater system range than is possible with radar at UHF or microwave frequencies. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the signals from these systems became in famous because of the interference they caused. Radio amateurs coined the term woodpecker to describe the sound of HF over-the-horizon radar pulses in communications receivers.
What is a receiver?
6
A receiver is a tuner, power amplifier, and preamp combined. A common receiver has inputs for a turntable, a CD player, a tape deck, and perhaps one or two other sources. It probably also has selector switch(s), tone controls, and a volume control. A receiver may have outputs for two speakers, or form ore. Some receivers do | not have phonon preamps, a trend that may become more common as vinyl loses popularity. Many receivers contain surround sound processors.
The super-heterodyne receiver The super-heterodyne receiver is the most widespread type of radio receiver. It works on a mathematical trick. When you multiply a sine wave by a sine wave with a slightly different frequency, you get a result that is the sum of two other sine waves the two sine waves inside the result have frequencies that are higher and lower than the frequencies of the sine waves that have been multiplicated. The lowest frequency is equal to the difference between the frequencies of the two initial sine waves. If the first frequency was of 1,000,000 Hz and the second was of 999,000 Hz then the sine wave will have a frequency of 1,000Hz. That sine wave with the lowest frequency is the one we are going to use. The sine wave with the highest frequency is filtered away.
AIRWORTHINESS: •
1083 aircrafts of all types were registered during 1998 and 469 numbers held current certification of airworthiness
•
A total of 8585 licenses were issued under different categories in 1998-99
•
568 approved for manufacture, maintenance, testing, storage of aircraft components
7
•
Mandatory installation Airborne Collision Avoidance System for aircrafts of more than 30 seating capacity, is made effective from 01-01- 1999
•
Central Examination Organization (CEO) conducts examinations for pilots and engineers. Four exams are conducted for pilots to pass DGCA license examination CEO tests the knowledge of candidates in aviation related fields by DGCA staff including Boeing 737-500
PRODUCTION The main purpose of AAI (AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA) Imphal is that to make look after the aircraft who going to landing/takeoff. Aircraft carry passenger who going to travel far distance at short time. Air-traffic-control make the decision to landing/take-off on right way of runway. It also make easier to travel one place to another at short time. It is the place where to keep the fighter jet plane for defence or to protect the country when enemy came across the border. When the enemy can across the border the jet plane can easily defence the enemy at few minutes. So, that airport makes purpose for that, and every state make many benefit about airport runway and aircraft. It also carries large passenger as well as luggage for the people. Jet fighter kept always at runway for emergency purpose. Helicopter for public emergency purpose.
TRAINNER UNDER TRAINING For one month summer industrial visit, department of AAI teach me lot about how to work communication system. On my training visit I had done electronic installing of the communication system. Equipments installing like electronic, computer with one network to another. I had also about transmitter, antenna, receiver
8
etc. An antenna changes radio signals in the air into electricity, or vice versa. Antennas send signals, receive signals, or both. All NETGEAR wireless devices have an antenna, either a visible pole on the outside, or inside where you do not see it. The distance that an antenna sends (transmits) depends on the type, and the amount of power running through it However, the distance from which an antenna can receive (or to be more exact, how faint a signal it can receive) is not based on power, but on how sensitive it is.
BACKGROUND OF INDUSTRIAL The back ground of industrial is that for make the aircraft to give the right way for landing/ take off. To carry passenger easier and make travel far distance in short period. To make free from dangerous while traveling. It also makes travel from one place to another. It also serves the benefit of people. Air-control-traffic which can communicate with whole world through satellite. It makes people advance on this benefits. Some of the main backgrounds are: • Regulation of air transport services related to India • Registration of Civil Aircraft in India • Formulation of standards related to airworthiness and grant of certificates • Licensing of pilots, aircraft maintenance engineers and flight engineers • Licensing of aerodromes in India • Investigations into air accidents • Implementation of bilateral air services agreements with foreign countries • Rendering services related to air transport • Processing of aviation legislation • Supervising training activities of Flying / Gliding clubs • Development of light aircraft, gliders and winches • Type certification of aircraft
VALUE OF VISIT
9
It gives me idea about network and communication system. I don’t know well about it before after my summer industrial visit I know well about it. They teach me how it works, how to communicate about transmitter, receiver, antenna, radar etc. they teach me about all that they use day-today use at air-traffic-control. They teach me how to communicate with aircraft pilot. Interesting things were teach about radar while visiting is that, Radar is an acronym for "radio detection and ranging”. A radar system usually operates in the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) or microwave part of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, and is used to detect the position and/or movement of objects. Radar can track storm systems, because precipitation reflects electromagnetic field at certain frequencies. Radar can also render precise Maps. Radar systems are widely used in air-traffic control, aircraft navigation, and marine navigation.
Contingency Plan This is to deal with emergencies arising out of hijacking and other threats to Civil Aviation. Control rooms are provided at all airports that will get alert due to situation like unlawful seizure of airport etc. security Commissioner (Civil Aviation) is its conveyer of the central committee. Aerodrome Committee deals with such situations at the airports. Central Committee with Aerodrome Committee issues guidelines for handling crisis situations.
Electronic Detection Devices The Bureau has provided X-ray Baggage Inspection System (X-BIS) at 12 places for pre embarkation and all airports are provided with Hand Held Metal Detectors (HHMD).
10
CONCLUSION Training is an integral part of the B.Tech course and helps the students to acquire practical knowledge and also in having fell of the practical atmosphere in the industry. The training that I have undergone at AAI Imphal, Manipur gave me an opportunity to see the function of the Department and also the application of electronic communication engineering in a network communication system. Many facts and theories which I was aware of only in theory became clearer in observing and then implementing then in practical conditions. Besides proving me an insight into the various applications of electronics, it gave me an outlook in the management and control of such a big department. It helped in broadening my view of Electronic and Communication Engineering and making its slope and activities more vivid. Not only I gained knowledge but also learnt to be punctual regular, co-operative and sincere. On the whole “a wonderful experience” I am very satisfied with the experience gained during this summer industrial training. I was given the possibility to work hand in hand with other researchers inside a laboratory, learning about essentials in research. Working in a laboratory hand in hand with other researchers, gave me the opportunity to learn about essential research techniques. I was able to fill gaps concerning document research and project interfacing. Furthermore, I was shown once again how important good communication between group members working on related projects. Last but not least, I want to mention how pleased I was to work on the given project. Nevertheless I know that theory is the key to every project and I have to admit that I am not a great theorist, which is why the implementation part, and thus the fact to have achieved something, was very important to me. 11
Encountering concrete problems and difficulties motivated me the most.
12
Significance of Air Transport Air transport is the most modern, the quickest and the latest addition to the modes of transport. Because of speed with which aero planes can fly, travel by air is becoming increasingly popular. As far as the world trade is concerned it is still
1
dominated by sea transport because air transport is very expensive and is also unsuitable for carrying heavy, bulky goods. However, transportation of high value light goods and perishable goods is increasingly being done by air transport.
Nationalization of Airlines The
soaring
prices
of
aviation
fuel,
mounting
salary
bills
and
disproportionately large fleets took a heavy toll of the then airlines. The financial health of companies declined despite liberal Government patronage, particularly from 1949, and an upward trend in air cargo and passenger traffic. The trend, however, was not in keeping with the expectations of these airlines which had gone on an expansion spree during the post-World War II period, acquiring aircraft ad spares. The Government set up the Air Traffic Enquiry Committee in 1950 to look into the problems of the airline. Though the Committee found no justification for nationalization of airlines, it favored their voluntary merger. Such a merger, however, was not welcomed by the airlines.
Open-Sky Policy The Open-sky policy came in April 1990. The policy allowed air taxioperators to operate flights from any airport, both on a charter and a non charter basis and to decide their own flight schedules, cargo and passenger fares. The operators were, however, required to use aircraft with a minimum of 15 seats and conform to the prescribed rules. In 1990, the private air taxi-operators carried 15,000 passengers. This number increased to 4.1 lakh in 1992, 29.2 lakh in 1993, 36 lakh in 1994 and 48.9 lakh in 1995. The 1996, private air taxi operators carried 49.08 lakh passengers which amounted to a 41.14 per cent share in the domestic air passenger traffic. Seven operators viz NEPC Airlines, Skyline NEPC, Jet Air, Archana Airways, Sahara India
2
Airlines, Modiluft and East West Airlines have since acquired the status of scheduled airlines. Besides this there were 22 nonscheduled private operators and 34 private operators holding no-objection certificate in 1996. The number of plus 120 category aircraft in the private sector was 34 and the total fleet strength was 75 in June, 1996. Two out of seven scheduled air taxi operators suspended their operations in 1996 because of the non-availability of aircraft.
Infrastructure and Related Facilities: Airport Authority of India: Set up on April 1,1995 by amalgamating the international Airport Authority of India and the National Airport Authority of India, the Airport Authority of India was to handle all matters relating to infrastructure for civil air traffic and transport at the international
and
the
domestic
airports
and
enclaves
in
the
country.
Development of Civil Aviation The repeal of the Air Corporation Act from 1 March 1994 enabled private operators to provide air transport services. Six operators were given the status of scheduled operators on 1 February 1995. Currently there are five international airports and 87 domestic airports in the country with 28 civilian enclaves for defence purposes. The Airport Authority of India plans to invest Rs 35,000 million for the construction and up gradation of airports. Budgetary support of Rs 485.50 million was allocated to AAI in 1996-97. In august 1996, in a major policy decision, the government allowed the private sector to set up air cargo complexes in a bid to ensure smooth movement of export cargo. Domestic and foreign investors including NRIs have been invited to participate in the
development
of
infrastructure
support
at
select
airports.
With a market share of 43% Indian airlines is the biggest player in aviation.
3
Rs 24,710 million have been marked for development of the civil aviation sector in the annual plan for 1997-98.
Future Outlook of the Industry Future projections reflect that the air cargo industry both in the domestic sector and the international sector will continue in its upward trend of growth. Fig.1 reflects that the domestic air cargo will continue at a somewhat steady rate of growth whereas the international air cargo movement as illustrated in Fig.2 shows a steeper rate of growth indicating that international air cargo trade will flourish at a higher rate of growth.
DESCRIPTION ABOUT MACHINE AND
EQUIPMENT:
What is antenna? An antenna changes radio signals in the air into electricity, or vice versa. Antennas send signals, receive signals, or both. All NETGEAR wireless devices have an antenna, either a visible pole on the outside, or inside where you do not see it. The distance that an antenna sends (transmits) depends on the type, and the amount of power running through it. However, the distance from which an antenna can receive (or to be more exact, how faint a signal it can receive) is not based on power, but on how sensitive it is. Therefore, how far apart two antennas communicate depends on how powerful the transmitter is, as well as how sensitive the receiver's antenna is. (For example, NASA can hear signals from the Mars Rover not because it has a powerful antenna, but because its signal is received on massive, very sensitive antennas.)
4
The amount of power that antennas are allowed to transmit is regulated by the country you live in. Many people in a city must use the same antenna channels, and no one can use a signal that is so strong it stops everybody else from being able to use it.
What is radar? Radar is an acronym for "radio detection and ranging." A radar system usually operates in the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) or microwave part of the radio-frequency (RF) spectrum, and is used to detect the position and/or movement of objects. Radar can track storm systems, because precipitation reflects electromagnetic field at certain frequencies. Radar can also render precise maps. Radar systems are widely used in air-traffic
control,
aircraft
navigation,
and
marine
navigation.
High-power radar, using large dish antennas, has been used to measure distances to the moon, other planets, asteroids, and artificial satellites. From unmanned space probes, radar has been used to map Venus, whose surface is obscured at visible wave lengths by a thick layer of clouds. Radar has been employed by NASA (the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to make highly detailed topographical maps of the earth's surface as well. Most radar systems determine position in two dimensions: azimuth (compass bearing) and radius (distance). The display is in polar co ordinates. A rotating antenna transmits RF pulses at defined intervals. The delay between a transmitted pulse and the echo, or return pulse, determines the radial position of the plotted point(s) for each azimuth direction on the display. The greater the echo delay from a particular object in space, the farther from the display center its point appears. The maximum range of a UHF or microwave radar system depend son the height of the antenna above average
5
terrain, the topography of the surface in the region, the atmospheric conditions in the region, and in some cases the level of radio back ground noise. Radar is known to the general public for its use by law enforcement in determining the speeds of motor vehicles. This type of radar does not display the exact position of an object, but determines its radial speed vector from the Doppler effect. A radar detector, which consists of a simple UHF/microwave broadband receiver, can be used in a car or truck to warn drivers of the presence of police radar. Radar detectors are illegal in some states. The Weather Service uses so-called Doppler radar to determine not only the positions and extent of storm systems, but wind patterns and velocities aloft. Doppler radar employs a combination of position-sensing and speed-sensing radar, making it possible to ascertain the locations and intensity of severe thunderstorms, hurricanes, and tornadoes. Radar has been used on the high-frequency (HF) radio bands, between approximately 5 MHz and 20 MHz, in an attempt to obtain early warning in the event of a nuclear assault via ballistic missiles. The ionosphere refracts HF waves, allowing much greater system range than is possible with radar at UHF or microwave frequencies. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the signals from these systems became in famous because of the interference they caused. Radio amateurs coined the term woodpecker to describe the sound of HF over-the-horizon radar pulses in communications receivers.
What is a receiver?
6
A receiver is a tuner, power amplifier, and preamp combined. A common receiver has inputs for a turntable, a CD player, a tape deck, and perhaps one or two other sources. It probably also has selector switch(s), tone controls, and a volume control. A receiver may have outputs for two speakers, or form ore. Some receivers do | not have phonon preamps, a trend that may become more common as vinyl loses popularity. Many receivers contain surround sound processors.
The super-heterodyne receiver The super-heterodyne receiver is the most widespread type of radio receiver. It works on a mathematical trick. When you multiply a sine wave by a sine wave with a slightly different frequency, you get a result that is the sum of two other sine waves the two sine waves inside the result have frequencies that are higher and lower than the frequencies of the sine waves that have been multiplicated. The lowest frequency is equal to the difference between the frequencies of the two initial sine waves. If the first frequency was of 1,000,000 Hz and the second was of 999,000 Hz then the sine wave will have a frequency of 1,000Hz. That sine wave with the lowest frequency is the one we are going to use. The sine wave with the highest frequency is filtered away.
AIRWORTHINESS: •
1083 aircrafts of all types were registered during 1998 and 469 numbers held current certification of airworthiness
•
A total of 8585 licenses were issued under different categories in 1998-99
•
568 approved for manufacture, maintenance, testing, storage of aircraft components
7
•
Mandatory installation Airborne Collision Avoidance System for aircrafts of more than 30 seating capacity, is made effective from 01-01- 1999
•
Central Examination Organization (CEO) conducts examinations for pilots and engineers. Four exams are conducted for pilots to pass DGCA license examination CEO tests the knowledge of candidates in aviation related fields by DGCA staff including Boeing 737-500
PRODUCTION The main purpose of AAI (AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA) Imphal is that to make look after the aircraft who going to landing/takeoff. Aircraft carry passenger who going to travel far distance at short time. Air-traffic-control make the decision to landing/take-off on right way of runway. It also make easier to travel one place to another at short time. It is the place where to keep the fighter jet plane for defence or to protect the country when enemy came across the border. When the enemy can across the border the jet plane can easily defence the enemy at few minutes. So, that airport makes purpose for that, and every state make many benefit about airport runway and aircraft. It also carries large passenger as well as luggage for the people. Jet fighter kept always at runway for emergency purpose. Helicopter for public emergency purpose.
TRAINNER UNDER TRAINING For one month summer industrial visit, department of AAI teach me lot about how to work communication system. On my training visit I had done electronic installing of the communication system. Equipments installing like electronic, computer with one network to another. I had also about transmitter, antenna, receiver
8
etc. An antenna changes radio signals in the air into electricity, or vice versa. Antennas send signals, receive signals, or both. All NETGEAR wireless devices have an antenna, either a visible pole on the outside, or inside where you do not see it. The distance that an antenna sends (transmits) depends on the type, and the amount of power running through it However, the distance from which an antenna can receive (or to be more exact, how faint a signal it can receive) is not based on power, but on how sensitive it is.
BACKGROUND OF INDUSTRIAL The back ground of industrial is that for make the aircraft to give the right way for landing/ take off. To carry passenger easier and make travel far distance in short period. To make free from dangerous while traveling. It also makes travel from one place to another. It also serves the benefit of people. Air-control-traffic which can communicate with whole world through satellite. It makes people advance on this benefits. Some of the main backgrounds are: • Regulation of air transport services related to India • Registration of Civil Aircraft in India • Formulation of standards related to airworthiness and grant of certificates • Licensing of pilots, aircraft maintenance engineers and flight engineers • Licensing of aerodromes in India • Investigations into air accidents • Implementation of bilateral air services agreements with foreign countries • Rendering services related to air transport • Processing of aviation legislation • Supervising training activities of Flying / Gliding clubs • Development of light aircraft, gliders and winches • Type certification of aircraft
VALUE OF VISIT
9
It gives me idea about network and communication system. I don’t know well about it before after my summer industrial visit I know well about it. They teach me how it works, how to communicate about transmitter, receiver, antenna, radar etc. they teach me about all that they use day-today use at air-traffic-control. They teach me how to communicate with aircraft pilot. Interesting things were teach about radar while visiting is that, Radar is an acronym for "radio detection and ranging”. A radar system usually operates in the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) or microwave part of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, and is used to detect the position and/or movement of objects. Radar can track storm systems, because precipitation reflects electromagnetic field at certain frequencies. Radar can also render precise Maps. Radar systems are widely used in air-traffic control, aircraft navigation, and marine navigation.
Contingency Plan This is to deal with emergencies arising out of hijacking and other threats to Civil Aviation. Control rooms are provided at all airports that will get alert due to situation like unlawful seizure of airport etc. security Commissioner (Civil Aviation) is its conveyer of the central committee. Aerodrome Committee deals with such situations at the airports. Central Committee with Aerodrome Committee issues guidelines for handling crisis situations.
Electronic Detection Devices The Bureau has provided X-ray Baggage Inspection System (X-BIS) at 12 places for pre embarkation and all airports are provided with Hand Held Metal Detectors (HHMD).
10
CONCLUSION Training is an integral part of the B.Tech course and helps the students to acquire practical knowledge and also in having fell of the practical atmosphere in the industry. The training that I have undergone at AAI Imphal, Manipur gave me an opportunity to see the function of the Department and also the application of electronic communication engineering in a network communication system. Many facts and theories which I was aware of only in theory became clearer in observing and then implementing then in practical conditions. Besides proving me an insight into the various applications of electronics, it gave me an outlook in the management and control of such a big department. It helped in broadening my view of Electronic and Communication Engineering and making its slope and activities more vivid. Not only I gained knowledge but also learnt to be punctual regular, co-operative and sincere. On the whole “a wonderful experience” I am very satisfied with the experience gained during this summer industrial training. I was given the possibility to work hand in hand with other researchers inside a laboratory, learning about essentials in research. Working in a laboratory hand in hand with other researchers, gave me the opportunity to learn about essential research techniques. I was able to fill gaps concerning document research and project interfacing. Furthermore, I was shown once again how important good communication between group members working on related projects. Last but not least, I want to mention how pleased I was to work on the given project. Nevertheless I know that theory is the key to every project and I have to admit that I am not a great theorist, which is why the implementation part, and thus the fact to have achieved something, was very important to me. 11
Encountering concrete problems and difficulties motivated me the most.
12
