Dai History

Dai Community in Malaysia The sketch Biography of Dai people and refugees situation of living in Malaysia

Prepared by: [DCM]

3/29/2009

Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

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Contents                   

Objective of Dai Community in Malaysia Dai Community Objectives (Burmese version) Dai History by English version Dai History by Burmese version DCM committee members for 2008 DCM organization and structure Chin Land Chin state map (1) Chin state map (2) Myanmar map (1) Myanmar map (2) Chin tribes list in Malaysia The daily live picture of Dai land Activities of DCM Activities of Victoria Child Care Center Southern Chin tribe faced tattoos Dai Villages list and population to UNHCR Refugee situations of Living in Malaysia Our organization and structure

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Objectives 1.

To solve together the social issues and problems among Dai people.

2.

To try our best for getting the equal Human Rights as well as other ethnic groups and organizations.

3.

To uplift, preserve and maintain Dai traditional cultures and societies.

4.

To encourage friendly and peaceful intercommunication among Dai people who live in around the world.

5.

To cooperate and coordinate with other ethnic groups and international societies for the outcomes of developing the progress of all aspects of Dai society.

6.

To take care of Dai refugees and help for their resettlement processes.

7.

To educate Dai refugee children who live in Malaysia.

8.

To upraise and to help Dai people social, political and economical situations who live in the native Dai land.

9.

To outcome not only for the future leaders of Dai people but also for becoming of the world leaders.

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Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Dai History     

Geographical Features of Dai Land Dai Land is situated on the west of Mindat town, the northwest of Kanpetlet town, the northeast of Paletwa town and the southeast of Matupi town. The Dai land is located in the southern part of the Chin land (Chin state), Myanmar. It is also located between north latitude 20° 30' and 21° 30' , and between east longitude 93° 10' and 94° 10'. The longest part of its land is about 120 miles (193.08 km) and the narrowest part is roughly 60 miles (96.54 km). The Dai land is situated between 800 mto 3200 m above the sea level. The highest mountain in Dai land is Khawnusuum(Mt.Victoria). Its has got slope ranges of mountains and a few plains near the Laymyo river and Moun river. Climate Dai land has got three climates which are summer, winter and rainny season. The Dai land is located in temperate zone. The temperature is between 5° C to 20° C. Especially the rainy season is started the end of May and finished at the end of October. Environment Current Issue Cut and burn methods of plantation or slashing methods makes deforestation. Widely searching of natural resources such as wild orchid species, faunas and floras are worried natural resources largely losing. Myanmar military government’s well known cutting and selling of teaks and timber is the majority of destroying the Dai land. Cutting and selling of the pine wood is the most dangerous deforesting in near Mt.Khawnusuum areas. Generally hunting, electrical fishing, searching, digging and cutting all natural resources are vanishing our useful resources. Natural Resources In Dai land there are many kinds of faunas and floras. The Dai land is the most plentiful of natural resources in Chin state. (a) Fauna Tiger, bear, elephant, monkey, leopard, barking deer, fox, cat, snake, reptiles, amphibian, birds and so on. (b) Flora Verities of wild orchid species, cherry, rhododendron, teak, timber, pine, bamboo species, rattan and so on.   5

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Population In Dai land there are about 60,000 native people are inhabitants, within the original main tribe there are many small minor ethnics. They are the original residents of Dai land. The overall Dai population is estimate to be 90,000. The population of Dai people is the biggest ethnic tribe of southern Chin state. Some of Dai people live in around Myanmar and all over the world. By history researcher Dai people are derivative from Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto - Burma, Kuki - Chin - Naga, Kuki - Chin, Chin - Dai. Political Division By Myanmar (Burma) government system Dai land is divided into four parts within southern Chin state of Kanpetlet, Mindat, Matupi and Paletwa townships. Today Dai land is comprises within Chin state, Myanmar. So the local government made to be separated of Dai land and they used to called Kanpetlet Dai, Mindat Dai, Matu Dai and Paletwa Dai. In Chin state Dai population is 10 percentage of Chin people. The biggest forest of Chin state is situated in Dai land. There is no town, high school, hospital in Dai land. The military government ruling systems make Dai people to be poor and not to be educated. Regrettably there is no modern transportation system such as road, railway and air port in Dai land. Along with it there is also neither of telecommunication nor internet system in there. So the Dai land is one of the poorest development places of Myanmar and of the world. Cuisine Dai people used to cook and eat their cuisine within their festivals , ceremonies and every day. The curry of Guuk Booi (cooking with as filtered water or lye) is the famous traditional curry. The main component of Guuk Booi is produced from filtering water passing through banana tree, straw, bamboos and medicinal herbs ash. Chicken with Dai coriander salad is the favorite dish of Dai people. Roselle soup is the most popular soup of Dai people. Other cooking methods are boiling, baking, roasting and barbecuing the vegetables and meats. The local people make Khai Peh (boiled pack of snack, making by sticky rice with banana leaf) and share to every body and neighbors within the days of harvesting and thanks giving day. Medicinal herbs such as turmeric powder, ginger, mints, garlic, lemon grass, coriander, chives, cinnamon, pepper, chilly are the most useful spices of Dai curry. Yaw Leng (cooking curry in bamboo) is the most delicious dish of Dai traditional curry. Religion Recent thirty years ago Dai people are animist. Most of Dai people converted to Christian within the previous two decades. Nowadays absolutely 99 percentage of Dai people are Christian. In Dai land there are many Christian denominations such as roman Catholic, babtist, Methodist, Brethren, Presbyterian and so on. Because of Christianity Dai people well developed of social and spiritual knowledge. 6

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Costumes Dai people adorably used to wear traditional hand woven cotton clothes. Ladies and women are found of wearing Phyang (look like shirt), Nghi Le(skirt), Yisa Sen, Yi Sa Pauk (sewing towel for wearing waist to ankle). Prvious time men used to wear only Khyu (underwear), Mengpem, Ng’ae, Nghai( ear lobe), L Pung (turban), Lu Sui (topknot), KKhum Loi (two long tail of drongo), Aai Loi (long tail of cock). Women commonly dress Sungphui, Myakang, Phui Song (Dai belt), Mole (colorful beads), Htae (bracelet), Ngthaen (ear lobe) Lu Keh (hairpin). Only ladies tattoo on their faces, arm, calf (especially on their faces have fully decorated tattoo style). There are many kind of faced tattoo styles, depend on their small minor ethnic. Dai hand woven styles are high standard and quality until today. Women wave blanket themselves for their family using. Languages Dai languages is the mother tongue of all Dai tribes, There are slightly different styles of using their ethnic tongue those minor ethnic groups who live in Kanpetlet township and Matupi township. Even though slightly different styles of using dialect each minority group understand the other tongue. Dai literature is developed the year of around 1990s by the help of German people. The alphabets are based on German alphabets. Dai language code is dao and international standard organization number is 639-3. Part of the Christian bible, new testament translation is finished on the year of 1996. Dai literature is widely used in Christian religion. Dai people can speak other languages those ethnic groups who live near their region such as Mün, Ya, Ubü, Matu and Burmese. There are trying to prepare for the publication of Dai - English dictionary. Education In Dai land there are only basic education middle schools (from 5 years to 14 years students). Basic primary school is nearly open in all villages but the local people can not learn properly and functionally. Attached basic education high school is opened in a few villages of Dai land. There are around 1000 educated people (Bachelor degree). Nowadays Dai people are studying for their further education in various Christian colleges such as many capital cities of Yangon, Falam, Mandalay, Kalay, Maymyo. So many of Dai people can not study for their further education, only one percentage of Dai people can go to colleges or universities. So the 99 percentage of Dai people can not study other educations such as computer training, internet training, polytechnic school and human resources training. Health There are some government clinics and dispensaries in some villages, but there is no medicine in that dispensaries. People to the nearest Burmese villages and the cities to buy some drugs. There are no doctors in Dai land. Sometimes the medical staffs and nurses visit to Dai land. There is rarely found vaccination to Dai people by the help of government. Most commonly facing diseases in Dai land are malaria, dengue fever, flu, gastric pain, bronchioles, diarrhea and hepatitis. 7

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Agriculture , Animal Husbandry and Economy (a) Agriculture Dai people cultivate paddy, corn millet ,beans, peas, cucumber, pumpkin, gourd, egg plant, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, ginger, mint, garlic, onion, chives, lemon grass, water melon, celery, turmeric, chilly, lady finger, white pumpkin, coriander, cinnamon, sesames and cotton in their gardens or farms. Banana, orange, lime, lemon, avocado, pine apple, papaya, tamarind, grape, grapefruit, mango, cane, pear, and strawberry can be found in Dai gardens. Some people plant many kind of flowers in their gardens too. Dai farmer cultivate the seed in the beginning of monsoon period (the middle of April to June) and harvest the crops in the middle of October to November. Traditional cultivation method is much depend on raining. (b) Animal Husbandry Mithan or gayal is the popular breeding animal in Dai land. Dai people used to breed their mithans in the wild forest. Along with it you can see cow, buffalo, goat, pig, chicken and duck in their fields or homes. Dog and cat are the domestic animals of Dai people. (c) Economy Generally Dai land is one of the most using remote mountainous land system (slashing or shifting cultivation) that the least developed regions habitants by indigenous hill tribes of Myanmar. Dai people earn livelihood by practicing of widely substances shifting cultivation (Taung Ya) and a common farming for their daily food for them. Plantation and gardening are only for their survival and diet food because there is no transportation systems and markets in Dai land. Wild orchid searching and selling, among with it searching and selling of natural faunas and floras are smuggling for getting the black incomes of some Dai people. There is a few income generation for Dai people that is waving beautiful hand woven materials for women and making attractive baskets and mats for men. Besides that Dai people get some money by cultivation of castor seed, Polynesian arrow root (Tacca) and pumpkin seed. Festivals, Ceremonies and Dances Saak Thai Suuk Ei Cün (Thanksgiving days), Sang Leh (Winnowing festival), Pung Yu ( praying for blessing the seeds), Soot Su (praying for fruitful the crops), Khai Mdeh (the first eating for new vegetables), Lung Süm (Stonehenge ceremony for monument), Im Kaai (new home ceremony), Im Leh (engaging with bride’s parents), Ca Püm (wedding ceremony), Vok Ng’yoh (giving material and mithans to birde’s parents), Phya Saak (go fishing), and Sa Haut (hunting) are the most popular festivals and ceremonies.Within the traditional festival and ceremony Dai people used to dance and sing songs.The most famous dacings are Püi Lam Siing, Ak Noi Siin, Saat Siing, Keat Siing and Se Lu Siing.The local fluting songs are popular among Dai people. There are Leng La, Pi Lim, Phi Phät, Khing Khäng.The musical intruments are gongs, cymbals, flutes, drums, bamboo claps and so. Dai people used to sing folk songs during ceremonies and everyday life. 8

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Villages There are more than 170 villages in Dai land. Among them large villages are Kuiimnu, Kaaimnu, Khengimnu, Khengsanu, Hmuntunu, Thaiimnu, Lungimnu, Dukimnu, Msangimnu, Yangimnu, Bawisanu, Thounu, Hmukhimding, Khayaing, Chan Pyan, Ram Thein, Pyawh, Hmang Taung, Madu and Masatui village and so on. There are more than 100 houses in large villages and around 20 houses in small villages. Judiciary System and Local Government The former judiciary systems are decided by the head of each minority leader, shaman (prophet) and village leader. Adultery case is the greatest crime for Dai people. If the judge can not draw conclusion the case, the accused person or the complainant have to oath in various methods in front of civilians. Previous time each group of tribe has their leaders and only the governor leads his people. Recently the government system is in the hand of local authority and their followers who are working under military government system. In Dai land CNA (Chin National Army) collect the taxes from the civilians or villagers. Every year Dai people have to give their taxes not only to the military government but also to the CNF( Chin National Front).

“Dai people and Dai Land”

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Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

“'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;” wnfae&mESifhtus,ft0ef; 'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf jrefrmjynf\ taemufbuf? csif;jynfe,f\awmifbuf? rif;wyfNrdKU\ taemufajrmuf? yvuf0NrdKU\ ta&SUajrmuf? uefyufvufNrdKU\ taemufajrmufbufESifh rwlyD NrdKU\ ta&SUawmifbufwGifwnf&Sdonf/ ajrmufvwfwDwG'f 20 'D8&D 30 rdepfESifh 21 'D8&D 30 rdepftMum;? ta&SUavmif wDwG'f 93 'D8&D 10 rdepfESifh 94 'D8&D 10 rdepftMum;wGifwnf&Sdonf/ tvsm; rdkif 120 ausmf&Snfvsm;NyD;? teHrdkif 60 eD;yg;us,f0ef;onf/ aus;&Gmrsm;ESifh vlOD;a& 'dkife,ftwGif; &Gmaygif; 170 txufyg0ifNyD; &GmBuD;rsm;rSmysrf;rQtdrfajc 100 ausmf? &Gmi,frsm;rSmtdrfajc 20 0ef;usifwnf&Sd onf/ trd'dkifajr wGifrSDwif;aexdkifol vlOD;a&ta,mufaygif; 60000 ausmf&SdNyD;?pkpkaygif; 'dkifvlOD;a&rSm ta,mufaygif; 90000 cefUjzpfonf/ ysOf;rQtdrfwpftdrfwGif vlOD;a& tenf;qkH; 5 OD;txuf&SdNyD; trsm;qHk; 12 OD;cefUaexdkifMuonf/ 'dkife,f&Sd &GmBuD;rsm; rSm ruGDtdrfEl;? csKdiftdrfEl;? rIef;oEl;? abmUpEl;? csKdif;pEl;? xdkEl;? Mum;tdrfEl;? 'kwftdrfEl;? vkHtdrfEl;? xm;tdrfEl;? pef;tdrfEl;? cg&kdif;? csefjyef? &rfodrf;?tGrfaqG;? r'l? rqmwGD? rSefawmif ponfwdkUjzpfonf/ ,Ofaus;rI "avhxkH;pHESifh bmoma&; &dk;&m,Ofaus;rI xkH;pHrsm;rSm ausmufjyifcsDyGJ? aumufopfpm;yGJ? tdrfopfwufyGJ? pyg;avSUyGJ ?r8FvmaqmifyGJ? 0ufowfyGJ wdkUjzpf í ,cifuewfbmom0ifrsm; jzpfNyD; ,cktcgwGif 99 &mcdkifEIef; c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;jzpfonf/ &dk;&myGJrsm; usif;y&mwGif a'ookH; acgif&nfESifh EGm;aemufom;rsm;jzifh wnfhcif;{nfhcHauR;arG;Muonf/ &dk;&mwl&d,m ypön;f rsm;rSm 0g;ykavG? armif;? vifuGif;?0g;vuf ckyf? AHk ponfwdkUudk wGifus,fpGm tokH;jyKMuonf/ a'otac:ta0: &dk;&muyGJrsm;rSm 0g;nSyftu? yGDvrfpdrf? tEGJUpdrf? apmif;pm ? q,fvlpdrf ponfwdkUrSmxif&Sm;onf/ ,cifu ewfbmom0ifrsm;jzpfcJhonfhtavsmuf &dk;&mewf ylaZmfyGJrsm;&SdcJUonf/ MuufaA'ifudk txl;ojzifh Munfh&IMuonf/ rdb? bdk;bGm;rsm;\ qkH;rpum;rsm;? qdk&dk;pum;rsm;udk em;axmif vdkufemMuonf/ 0wfpm;qif&ifrI rSm trsKd;orD;rsm;onf &kd;&mvuf,uf0g8Grf; xnfrsm;udk &ifrS 'l;txd 0ifqifMuonf/(xdkUaMumifh csif;ordkif;avhvmoltcsKdUu “&if'l;” 'dkif[kyifac:a0:Muonf/) trsKd;om;rsm;onf ,cifu Yisa Sen udktrsm;tjzpf0wfqifMuonf/ Meng Peng ac:&dk;&m "g;ykvdkif; udk trsKd;om;wdkif; tcsdefjynfh vG,favh&o Sd nf/ vuf,ufurf;rsm;rSm tqifhjrifhvSí ,aeUwdkif,ufvkyf 0ifqifokH;pGJMuonf/ rdrdwdkU &dk;&m r*FvmaqmifyGJrsm;wGif trsKd;om;zufu trsKd;orD;zuf rdbaqGrsKd;rsm;udk EGm;aemuf? armif;? a&Tebufrsm; ay;&NyD;? trsKd;o rD;rdbrsm;rSvnf; 0ufxD; 9 aumiftxdowfay;NyD; jyeftrf;onfhvufaqmifypönf;rsm;tjzpf a'ovuf,uf apmif? ykwD;? tdk;cGuf ykuefrsm; jyefay;avh&Sdonf/ pdkufysKd;a&;? arG;jrLa&;ESifh pD;yGGg;a&; a'otwGif; t"dupdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;rSm awmif,m pdkufysKd;jcif;vkyfief;jzpfNyD; pyg;udk trsm;qkH;pdkufysKd;Muonf/ tjcm; pdkuf ysKd;oD;ESHrsm;rSm ajymif;? qyfeD? qyf0g? yJtrsKd;rsKd;? ocGg;? z&kH?ausmufz&kH? z&J? csOfaygif?&kef;ya'? ESrf; ? aeMum? BuH? rkefnif;? [if;cwf tarT;tBudKifrsm; ponfwdkUjzpfonf/ awmif,mudk ESpfpOf trsm;tm;jzifh Zefe0g&DvwGif ckwfavh&SdMuNyD; rwfvwGif awmif,mrD;rsm; 0dkif;0ef;&IdMuonf/ arvodkUr[kwf rdk;OD;apmvsifapmovdk pyg;? ajymif;? aumufyJoD;ESHrsm;udk taphcspdkufysKd;Muonf/ v,fpyg;pdu k f ysKd;olrsm;vnf; tenf;tusOf;&Sdonf/ &Gmol&Gmom;wdkif;EGm;aemuf ykdifqdkifMuNyD; awmxJwGif obm0tavsmufarG;jrLMuonf/wESpf vQif tenf;qkH;ESpfBudrfcefU EGm;aemufrsm; ukd&SmazGavh&SdNyD; ,Ofyg;atmif qm;auR;avh&Sdonf/ rdrdEGm;aemufrsm;udk rdrdudk,fwdik f t rSwftom;rsm; jzifhrSwfom;avh&Sdonf/tjcm;arG;jrLxm;aom wd&dpämefrsm;rSm Muuf? 0uf? uRJ? EGm;? qdwf ? bJ wdkUjzpfonf/ pD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;rsm;tjzpf ,cktcsdefwGif Muufql? zsHO? z&kHrsm;udk pdkufysKd;a&mif;csMuonf/ w&m;r0ifopfcG yef;rsm;udk &SmazG a&mif;csjcif; ESifhtwl ? trJvdkufjcif; tm;jzifhvnf; pD;yGg;&Smolrsm;&Sdonf/ trsKd;orD;rsm;rS vuf,uft0wftxnfrsm;udk wEdlifw ydkif ,ufvkyf a&mif;csjcif;rsm;&Sdonf/ 'dkifa'o\ t"du0ifaiG &&Sdaomvkyfief; okH;ckrSm pdkufysKd;a&;?arG;jrLa&;ESifh a'oxGufajray: ajratmuf oH,HZmwrsm;udk a&mif;csjcif;omjzpfonf/ 10

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

“'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;” bmompum; 'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf rdcif'dkifbmpum;udkbkHbmompum;tjzpfwGifus,fpGm okH;pGJMuonf/ rsKd;EG,fpktwGif; bmompum;ajym [efrSmtenf;i,fuGJvGJrI&Sdí¤if;wdkUrSm uefyufvuf NrdKUe,fwGifrSDwif;aexdkifonfh'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpk tcsKdUESifh rwlyD NrdKUe,ftwGif;rSDwif; aexdkifonfh'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkwdkU\pum;ajym[efrsm;jzpfonf/okdUaomfeD;pyfonfh aexdkifrIESifh qufo, G fajymqdkrIt&&GmeD;csif;rsm;rS¤if; wdkUokH;pGJaomajym[efudk em;vnfoabmaygufonf/ toHxGu f(okdUr[kwf) av,lavodrf;rSmrl tenf;i,f uGJvGJrI&Sdonf/ 'dkifpmay zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIrSm 1980 ckESpfausmfrS 8smrefvlrsKd;rsm;\ ulnDcsuft&ay:aygufvmcJUonf/ a&;[efrSmvnf;8smreftu©&mpOfrsm;udk om Asnf;?o&tjzpfokH;pGJonf/ 'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpk bmompum;ukwf (oauFw)rSm Dao jzpfNyD;? tkdiftufpftdk(International Standard Organization) eHygwfrSm (639 - 3) jzpfonf/ c&pf,mef or®opfusrf;pmudk 1996 ckESpfwGif bmomjyefNyD;pD;cJUonf/ c&pf,mefbm oma&;wGif 'dkifpmayudkwGifus,fpGm okH;pGJMuonf/ 'dkife,ftwGif; rSDwif;aexkdifMuoltcsKdUwdkUonf rdrdwdkUa&ajra'oESifhqufpyfvsuf &Sdonfh bmompum;rsm;jzpfonfh rGef;?tlyl; (csif;ykH)? rwl ESifh Arm ponfhbmompum;rsm;udkvnf; okH;pGJEdlifonf/ 'dkifpmayzGHUNzdK;wdk; wufa&;twGuf ,cktcgwGif 'dkif - t8Fvdyf tbd"gefudkxkwfa0&efjyifqifaeNyDjzpfonf/ ynma&; 'dkife,ftwGif; jrefrmppftpkd;&rS tajccHynmtv,fwef;ausmif;txdom tjrifhrm;qkH;zGifhvSpfay;cJUonf/ rlvwef;ausmif;rsm; udk &GmpOftESHUeD;yg;zGifhvSpfay;aomvnf;pepfwusynmoifMum;EdlifrIr&Sdí uRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIr&Sday/wGJbuftxufwef;ausmif; rsm;udk &GmBuD;tcsKdUwGifzGifhvSpfay;xm;onf/tajccHtxufwef;ynmoifMum;NyD;olrsm;rSm 'dkife,ftwGif; ta,mufaygif; (10000 ) 0ef;usifcefU&Sdrnf[kcefUrSef;&onf/ a'otwGif; bGJU&&SdrIrSm ta,muf (1000) cefUom&Sdonf/ tjcm;ynma&;tjzpf &efukef?rEÅav; ESifh tjcm;NrdKUBuD;rsm;wGifbmoma&;ausmif;rsm;wufa&mufNyD; bmoma&;bGJ&olrsm; ,cktcgtrsm;tjym;&SdNyDjzpfonf/ toufarG; 0rf;ausmif; oifwef;rsm;ESifh uGefjyLwm?tifwmeuf ponfhoifwef;rsm;rSm 'dkife,fwGifr&Sdyg/ ¤if;oifwef;rsm;udk NrdKUBuD;rsm;wGifom wufa&mufEdklifonfhtwGuf a'o\ (99) &mcdkifEIef; jynfolvlxkrSm oifMum;wwfajrmufEdlifjcif;r&Sday/ usef;rma&; 'dkifa'o&GmBuD;rsm;wGif aus;vufusef;rma&;aq;ay;cef;tcsKdU&Sdaomfvnf; aq;0g;zlvkHrIr&Sdyg/ a'otwGif; uRrf;usifwwf ajrmufonfh q&m0efwpfa,mufrQ r&Sday/ aq;bufqdkif&m 0efxrf;rsm;jzpfonfh usef;rma&;rI;? olemjyK?0rf;qGJponfwdkUtenf;t usOf;&Sdaomfvnf; a'ovlESifh EdIif;,SOfvQif avmufiS rIr&Sdyg/ aq;0g;rsm;udk rdrdudk,fydkifaiGaMu;jzifhom 0,f,lokH;pGJMuonf/ tjzpft rsm;qkH; a&m8grsm;rSm 0rf;ysuf0rf;avsm ?iSufzsm;?wkwfauG;a&m8grsm; ESifh tdkiftdk'if;qm;csKdUwJUrIaMumifhtjzpfrsm;aom vnfyif;BuD; a&m8gponfwdkUonftjzpfrsm;onf/ vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; ESifhtjcm;qufoG,fa&; a'otwGif; vloGm;vrf;rsm; omaygufa&mufonf/ udk,fxludk,fx &GmpOfum;vrf;rsm;udkaus;&GmtcsKdUpkaygif;í azmufvkyfMu onf/ a'otwGif; wpf&GmrSwpf&Gm (odkUr[kwf) a'owpfckrSwpfckodkU ajcusifjzifhomoGm;vmMuonf/ xdkUjyi fa'otwGif; enf;ynm &yfqdkif&m qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonfh tifwmeuf?zkef;?aMu;eef;?zufpf ponfwdkUrSmwpfckrQr&Sdyg/ 'dkifa'oudk jrefrmUppftpdk;& u rodaus;uRefjyKxm;í qufoG,fa&;qdkif&m wdk;wufzGUHNzdK;atmif rnfonfht&mrQjyKvkyfay;jcif;r&Sdyg/ obm0aygufyifrsm; 'dkifa'otwGif;obm0tavsmuf aygufa&muf&SifoefMuonfh opfyifyef;rmefrsm;rSm rsKd;pdyfaygif; (1000 ) ausmfcefU&Sdrnfjzpf onf/ xif;&I;?uRef;?ydawmuf?ysOf;uwdk;?tif?unif?vufyH?opft,f?cs,f&D?awmifZvyfponfhopfyifBuD;rsm;tjyif tjcm;opfyifBuD; rsm;vnf;tajrmuftrsm;aygufa&mufonf/ aq;zuf0ifEG,fjrpfopfyifrsm;vnf;pkHvifpGmaygufa&mufonf/ 0g;awmrsm;rSm'dkifa'\ ig;ykH ESpfykHudkvTrf;rdk;xm;onf/ ¤if;0g;awmrsm;udk “'dkif0g;” [kvnf;wGifus,fpGmac:a0:Muonf/ 'dkifa'oonfcsif;jynfe,f\tBuD; rm;qkH; opfawmrsm;&Sifoefaygufa&muf&m wpfckwnf;aoma'ojzpfonf/ 11

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

“'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;” &dk;&mtpm;tpmrsm; 'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf rdrdwdkU&dk;&myGJawmfrsm;ESifh tjcm;aomyGJvrf;obifrsm;tm;vkH;rdrdwdkU\&dk;&mtpm;tpmrsm;udk csufjyKwf auR;arG; {nfhcHavh&SdMuonf/ jym[if;ac: (Guuk Booi) rSmxif&Sm;aom&kd;&m[if;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/ ¤if;[if;csuf&mwGift"duyg 0ifaom ypönf;rSm iSufaysmyif\ jym (odkUr[kwf) tjcm;opfyifwpfrsKd;rsKd;\jymudkppfí&&Sdvmaom t&nfjzifh csufjyKwfjcif;jzpfonf/ jym[if;jzihfvdkufzufaomtpm;tpmrSm csOfaygif;[if;&nfjzpfonf/ tjcm;xif&Sm;aomtpm;tpmrSm cdkifyJUac: aumufnSif;rkefUzuf xkyfjyKvkyfjcif;jzpfonf/ yGJawmfrsm;ESifh aumufopfpm;yGJac: pyg;&dwfodrf;yGJrsm;wGif rkefUzufxkyfrsm;udk tajrmuftrsm;jyKvkyfMuNyD; vma&mufaomtdrfeD;csif;{nfhonfrsm;udk a0iSavh&Sdonf/ [if;cwftarT;tBudKifrsm;tjzpf qEGif;? 8sif;? MuufoGef (awmMuufoGef)? yifpdrf;&Guf?&myef;ndKac: vkH;cGD ESifh i&kwfoD;rsm;udk trsm;qkH;tokH;jyKMuonf/ 0g;usnfawmufrsm;twGif; tom;?ig;rsm;udk xnfh oGif;csufjyKwfjcif; (Yaw Lai) onfvnf;cHwGif;Nrdefapaom &dk;&mcsufjyKwfenf;jzpfonf/ 0wfpm;qif,ifrx I Hk;pHrsm; 'dkifvlrsKd;rsm;onf rdrdwdkUa'otwGif; rdrdwdkUpdkufysKd;xkwv f kyfaom vuf,uf0g8Grf;xnfrsm;udk tjrwfwEdk;wefzdk;xm; 0wfqifMu onf/ trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf zsmef;? iSD;vnf?&dpmayguf?&dpm;qJif ESifh trsKd;om;rsm;twGufrlzsmef;? &dpm;qJif ponfwdkUudk,ufvkyf0if qifMuonf/ ,cifutrsKd;om;rsm;onf Khyu udk0wfqifrIrsm;&SdcJUonf/ trsKd;orD;rsm;onf yGDapmif;(cg;ywf)? rdk;ac: ykwD;rsm;udk ,aeUxufwdkif 0ifqiftokH;jyKMuonf/ rsufESmrsm;udk ,cifuy&Jac: yg;rJrsm;xkd;xm;aomaMumifh vdrf;cs,fjyifqifrIr&Sdyg/ ,aeU acwfvkHrysKdrsm;rSmrl oeyfcg;?rdwfuyf ponfhtvSjyifypönf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKvmMuonf/ 'dkife,ftwGif; udk,fwdkif,ufvkyf0wfqif aomvuf,ufuef;rsm;rSm tqifhtwef;ESifht&nftaoG;jrifhrm;rI ,aeUxufwdkif&SdqJjzpfonf/ tdrfwGif;okH; NcHKapmifrsm;udkvnf; rd rdwdkUudk,fwdkif ,ufvkyftokH;jyKMuonf/ obm0ygwf0ef;usifysufokef;rI 'dkifa'o\ t"durd&dk;zvm &dk;&mawmif,mckwfjcif;vkyfief;aMumifh opfawmrsm;ESpfpOf ajrmufrsm;pGmqkH;&IH;ysufpD;&onf/ awmif ,mckwfjcif;onf opfawm?0g;awmrsm;udk ckwfvSJ rD;&IdUjcif;jzpfí t"duopfawmjyKef;wD;rI\ taMumif;t&if;wpf&yfjzpfonf/ opfcG yef;&dkif;rsm; (a'o&if; opfcGrsm;) &SmazGjcif;onfvnf; opfawm?opfyifrsm;udk xdcdkufysufpD;aponf/ xkdUjyif a'o\tzdk;wefobm 0tvSw&m;udk zsufpD;jcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ xif;&I;rsm;udk tqDxkwfjcif;? rD;arT;&eftwGuf tokH;jyKckwfvSJjcif;onfvnf; xif;&I;awm rsm;udkzsufpD;jcif;jzpfonf/ jrefrmUppftpkd;&\ EdlifiHjcm;0ifaiG&&Sda&;twGufopfawmrsm;udk ckwfxGifa&mif;csjcif;onfvnf; a'ot wGif; &Sda8[pepfudk rsm;pGmzsufpD;epfemaponf/ tjcm;ajray:? ajratmufoH,HZmwrsm;? opfawmxGufypönf;rsm;udk tvkH;t&if; jzihf&SmazGa&mif;csjcif;? obm0om;&dkif;wd&pämefrsm;udk pD;yGg;a&;wGuf zrf;qD;owfjzwfa&mif;csjcif;rsm;onf vuf&Sd 'dkife,fwGifBuHK awGU&ifqdkifae&aom obm0ygwf0ef;usifqdik f&m qkH;&IH;epfemrIrsm;jzpfonf/ tpdk;&tkyfcsKyfrq I dkif&m,EÅ,m; 'dkifa'oonf ,cifuvGwfvyfpGmwnf&SdcJUonf udk,fykdifa'owpfckjzpfaomfvnf; t8Fvdyftpkd;&pGefUcGgNyD; aemuf jrefrmEdlifiHvGwf vyfa&;&&Sdvmuwnf; urdrdwdkUudk,fydkifa'udk NrdKUe,fav;NrdKUe,ftwGif; xnfhoGif;tkyfcsKyfjcif;cHcJU&onf/ xkdNrdKUe,fav;NrdKUe,ft wGif;xnfhoGif; tkyfcsKyfjcif;wdkUaMumifh 'dkifvlrsKd;rsm;udk 'dkif[kac:qdk&rnfhtpm;uefyufvuf 'dkif? rif;wyf 'dkif? rwlyD'dkif ESifh yvuf0'dkif [kac:a0:jcif; ,aeUwdkifcHae&onf/ xdkodkUac:a0:okH;pGJjcif;onf 'dkifvlrsKd;pkrsm;udk aoG;cGJjcif;jzpfonf/ csif;jynfe,ftwGif;aexdkif onfhvlOD;a&;pm&if;rsm;t& 'dkifvlrsKd;pkrsm;onf pkpkaygif;csif;vlrsKd;OD;a&\ 10 ykHwpfykHcefU&Sdaomfvnf; rdrda'otwGif; udk,fykdifNrdKU? udk,fydkif txufwef;ausmif;?aq;&kH r&Sdyg/ csif;jynfe,f\ tBuD;rm;qkH;opfawmonf 'dkifa'otwGif;üomwnf&Sdonf/ jrefrmUppf tpdk;& tkyfcsKyfjcif;aMumifh 'dkifvlrsKd;pkrsm; ynmwwfrsm;r&Sdatmif ynma&;tajctaetvGeftrif;edrfUusvsuf&Sdonf/ 'dkifa'o twGif; tpkd;&rSwm0ef,lazmufvkyfay;aom vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;\ tajccHum;vrf;yifr&Sdyg/ tjcm;qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzpf onfh aMu;eef;? pmwdkuf? zkef;? tifwmeuf paomtajccHvlrI0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm; wpfckrSwnfaqmuf wyfqifay;jcif;r&Sdyg/ xdkU aMumifh 'dkifa'oonfjrefrmjynf\ wdk;wufrItaES;auG;qkH; ESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItenf;qkH;tajctaeodkU a&muf&Sdae&onf/ 12

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

“'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;” awm&dkif;wd&dpämefrsm; 'dkife,ftwGif;rSDwif;aexdkifMuonf awm&dkif;wd&dpämefrsm;rSm qif? usm;? usm;opf? 0uf0H? awm0uf? qwf? ajymif? pdkif? *sD? arsmuf? 0HykavG?ajracG;?jzL?oif;acGcsyf?zsH?awmaMumif?a>rtrsKd;rsKd;?vif;&I;?awmMuuf? a'gif;?&pf ponfwdkUjzpfMuonf/ xdkUjyif iSufrsKd;EG,f pdwfaygif; wpf&mausmfudkvnf;'dkife,ftwGif; awGU&Sd&onf/ xif&Sm;aomiSufrsm;rSm 'dkifvlrsKd;wdkU\&dk;&moauFwiSufjzpfaom ckrf; (Drongo)? csif;vlrsKd;rsm;\awmf0ifiSufjzpfaom atmufcsif;iSuf(Hornbill)? ZmrPDiSuf(Vaang Voo) ponfwdkUjzpfonf/a'ot ac: ta0:t&yif 'dkife,f twGif; iSuftrnfaygif; wpf&mausmf &Sdonf/ jrpf?acsmif;rsm; wGif ig;?ykZGef?uPef;?vdyf?zm; ponfh a&ae owÅ0grsm; udkvnf;tpkHtvifawGU&Sd&onf/ w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&mESifh a'oEÅm&tkyfcsKyfa&; 'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;udk ,cifu rsKd;EG,fpkacgif;aqmifrsm;? ewfyqef;q&mrsm;ESifh aus;&Gm acgif;aqmifrsm;uom pD&ifqkH;jzwfcJUMuonf/ olUwyg; om;r,m;jypfrSm;rIonf 'dkifvlrsKd;wdkUtwGuf tBuD;rm;qkH;aom jypfrIjzpf onf/ tu,fí w&m;pD&ifqkH;jzwf&mwGif w&m;olBuD;rsm;rS qkH;jzwfEdlifjcif;r&Sdygu &dk;&mxkH;wrf;pOfvmt& trsm;a&SUarSmufwGif usrf;opömusdrfqdk&onf/ w&m;vdk odkUr[kwf w&m;cH wOD;OD;rS usrf;usdrfqdkEdlifonf/ ,cifu vlrsKd;pk\tBuD;tuJ odkUr[kwf acgif; aqmifrsm;rS rdrdvlrsKd;ta&;udpörsm;twGuf OD;pD;OD;aqmifjyKavh&SdcJUonf/ ,cktcsdefwGif w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;udk a'o wm0efcHrsm;? jrefrmppftpdk;&vufatmufwGifwm0efxrf;aqmifaomolrsm;rS pDrHcefUcGJqkH;jzwfaqmif&Gufonf/ 'dkife,fa'otrsm;pk wGif CNF ppfom;rsm;u aus;&GmvlxkxH tcGefaumufcHMuonf/ xdkUaMumif'dkifvlxktaejzifh ppftpdk;&ESifh CNF ESpfbufpvkH;udkESpf pOf tcGefay;aqmif&onf/ &dk;&myGJawmfrsm; 'dkifvlrsKd;rsm;\ &dk;&myGJawmfrsm;rSm Saak Thai Suuk Ei Cün (aumufopfpm;yGJ)? Sang Leih (pyg;avSUyGJ)? Pung Yu (rsKd;aph rsm;aumif;BuD;ay;yGJ)? Soot Su (toD;tESHatmifjrif&eftwGufqkawmif;yGJ)? Khai m’deh ( tOD;ajymif;? [if;oD;[if;&Guf?opfoD; 0vH pm;aomufyGJ)? Lung Süm(ausmufjyifcsDyGJESifhEGm;aemufowfyGJ)? Im Kaai (tdrfopfwufyGJ)? Im leh (owdkUorD;rdbrsm;ESifh aph pyfyGJ)? Ca Püm (r8FvmyGJ)? Vok Ng’yoh (0wfowfyGJ odkU ESpfbufrdbrsm;rS r8FvmaMu;ay;yGJ)? Pyah Saak (pkaygif;ig;&SmyGJ)? ESifh Sa Haut (pkaygif;trJvdkufyGJ) wdkUonf xif&Sm;aom &dk;&myGJrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkyGJawmfrsm;wGif 'dkifvlrsKd;rsm;onf &dk;&mtursm;jzifhazsmf ajzwifqufavh&Sdonf/xif&Sm;aom&dk;&mtursm;rSm Püi Lam Siing(ol&Jaumif;tu)? Ak Noi Siing( pkaygif;tu)?Saak Siing, Keat Siing ESifh Se Lu Siing tuwdkUjzpfMuonf/ &kD;&mykavG oDusL;jcif;rsm;rSm 'dkifvlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;twGif;xif&Sm;onf/ ESmacgif; jzifhrIwfaom Leng La ( 0g;ykavG&Snf) rSm 'dkife,ftwGif;tvGefxif&Sm;onf/ tjcm; vlodrsm;aom ykavGrsm;rSm Pi Lim ESifh Phi Phät wkdUjzpfMuonf/ 0g;jzifhjyKvkyfí wD;&aom Khing Khäng udkvnf; aus;vufrsm;wGifwD;cwfavh&SdMuonf/ &dk;&mwl&d,mrsm; rSm armif;trsKd;rsKd;?vifuGef;?0g;ykavGtrsKd;rsKd;?AkH?0g;vufckyf ponfwdkUjzpfMuonf/ 'dkifvlrsKd;rsm;onf &dk;&myGJawmfrsm;twGif; aus; vuf &dk;&m uAsm?vumFESifh oDcsif;rsm;udk tjyeftvSef oDqdkMuonf/ oDcsif;rsm;oDqdk&mwGif trsm;tm;jzifh vufwef;oDqdkrI jyKvkyf EdlifMuonf/ &moDOwk 'dkifa'owGif &moDOwkokH;rsKd;&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkUrSm aEG&moD?rdk;&moD ESifh aqmif;&moDwdkUjzpfMuonf/ 'dkifa'oonf orydkif;ZHk&moDO wktrsKd;tpm; ydkifqdkifonf/ ysOf;rQtylcsdefrSm 5 'D8&DpifwD8&dwfrS 20 'D8&DpifwD8&dwftwGif;&Sdonf/ rkefokefrdk;rsm;onf arvaESmif; ydkif;rSpwif0ifa&mufvmNyD; atmufwdkbmvaESmif;ydkif;wGif tqkH;owfonf/ aqmif;&moDrSm Edk0ifbmvrS azazmf0g&D vv,ftxdjzpf onf/ aEGOwkwGif orydkif;ZkHjzpfonfhtavsmuf tyl'Pfudkjyif;xefpGmrcHpm;&yJ aumif;rGefpGmaexdkifoGm;vm vkyfudkifEdlifonf/ aEGum vrSm azazmf0g&DvaESmif;ydkif;rS arvukeftxdjzpfonf/ rdk;OwkwGif trsm;tjzifh a'otac:ta0: rdIif;ac: jrLrIefrsm;tESHtjym;us a&mufonf/ aqmif;Owkonf obm0&Icif;rsm;udk taumif;qkH; &Ipm;Edlifaom tcsdefcgor,jzpfonf/ ('dkifvlrsKd;ordkif;&SmazGa&;aumfrwD)

13

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Pastor Kee Thang Advisor

Rev.Shwe Key Advisor

Willie Lyan Zune Advisor

Peter Kee Choi Chairman

Steven Aung Ling Vice Chairman

Dominique Thet Saw Secretary General

Clement Bumana Coordinator

Accountant Chon Thang

Joseph Thang Auditor

Shwe Shen Assistant Auditor(1)

Gregory Aung Thang

Victor Mal Swam

Resettlement Program

Thung Lung

Hung Choi

Health & Safety Program

Moses Thang

Ling Thang Treasurer

Y.P Moe Aung Assistant Auditor(2)

Mana Thein

Social & Relligious Program

‘DCM Executive Committee Members for 2008’

Ester Tul Zul

Hung Mana

Women & Children Program

14

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

“Building the best societies”

Religious Groups

Other Refugee Organizations

Chin Refugee Organizations

Recognized refugees

Asylum - seekers

International Dai Societies

Citizens

Women & Children

Unrecognized refugees

Detention Camps & Prisons

Police

RELA & Immigration

Dai Community Structure and Relationship with UNHCR, NGOs and others

15

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

“Coordination and Cooperation is very essential for Dai Refugees”

For developing all aspects of Dai Refugees NGOs & Religious Groups

Dai Refugees

Dai refugees really need the help of UNHCR, NGOs and Religious Groups

Chin refugees are waiting for UNHCR registration at Cheras, KL

16

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Chin Land Location: The Chin land locates in Southeast Asia and lies between the longitude 92.15ºE and Chin land 97º E, and in between the latitude 18ºN and 27.30ºN. Bangladesh is to its Southwest, Manipur State of India is to its Northwest, China is to its North, Burma is to its East, and Arakan is to its South. Geographical Features: With an area of circa 36000 square kilometres, the present day Chinland - a mountainous landscape stretching along the present day Indo-Burma border - is slightly smaller than Switzerland. Chinland is rich in natural flora (orchids etc) and fauna (Elephant, Tiger, Bear, Wild Boar, Various kinds of monkeys, barking deer, wild goat and various kinds of birds) and alpine flora is very common in the country. The highest mountain in Chinland is Khawnutum (Mount Victoria). The biggest river in Chinland is known as Kaladan river. The biggest lake is called Rih Lake. Climate: Chin land has a mild hot wet climate. April and May are the hottest months of the year where average temperatures of the months range from 60º F (15.5º C) to 80º (21º C). Average temperature in the cold seasons is below 40º F (4.4º C). In the cold seasons, temperatures fall as low as freezing point of water in the higher parts of mountains. Average annual rainfall is 80 – 120 inches. The Southern part of Chinland gets more due to the storms come from Bay of Bengal. Population: The population of the present Chin state (in Burma) is circa half million. And the Chin People inhabiting in Chin land and its territories are approximately one and half million. People: The Chins are of the Mongoloid race and descended from central China southwards and settled in the present Chin land. The Chins are composed with several tribes such as: Asho tribe, Cho Tribe, Dai Tribe, Khumi Tribe, Kuki Tribe, Laimi Tribe, Lushai Tribe , Zomi Tribe, and so on. National Symbols: Hornbill, Mythun or Gayal, and Rhododendron are national symbols of the Chins. Famous Natural Features: Highest Mountain Khawnutuam (Mt. Victoria)Biggest River Kaladam River Biggest Lake Rih Lake. Religions in Chinland: Christian over 70% of the population Buddhist, animist and others about 30%.

17

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Culture and language: As Chin land is endowed by many dales and hills as well as enriched by various floras and faunas, the culture and literature of the Chins are also diverse and rich though embedded in a single domain (or) ascended from a single domain, the Chin. There are no fundamental differences in Chin language and cultures, however, the Chins have minor differences in their language and culture to suit different environments accepting them as verities of tradition and as the richness of Chin literature and culture. The Chins are rich in folk tales, folk dances, folk music, as well as musical instruments. The Chin cultural heritages are preserved, maintained, and transformed from one generation to another by oral history before the Chins have writing system in early 1900s. The arrival of Christian missionaries in early 1900s, again, enhanced the culture and language of the Chins into a more sophisticate ways. Today, over seventy percent of the Chins are Christians but some minorities of the Chins are also devotees of Buddhism, Traditional Chin religion, and others. The Chin language descended from Tibeto-Burman language domain. However, each tribal group speaks its own dialect, but Burmese is widely used in Chin land due to Burmanization of military regime for over five decades. The Chins are known as honest, tolerant, brave, and religious people. This distinctness of language and culture indicate that the Chins are one of the indigenous peoples in their own land. Representing the local names of administrative townships in Chin State and their languages Tonzang

Teddim

Falam

Thado

Sizang

Falam

Zo Paite Teizang

Hakha

Lai

Ngawn

Zokhua

Laizo

Mie

Zanniat

Senthang Thwar

Hualngo(Mizzo) Dim, Ngawn

Thanglang

Khualsim

Matupi

Mindat

Kanpetlet

Paletwa

Matu

Moon

Ya

Khami

Makaan

Zotung Zophei

Uk pu (Chin Bon) Daai

Lautu

Cho

Mara

Hniktu

Khasi Khamui

Amlai

Myo

Khuano, Losau

Zahau

Tamang

Laitu

Vangteh

Tapong

Wumtu

Khumi

Sim

Mirum

Khuangsu

Guite Val

Bualkhua

Saizang

Taisun

Phaileeng

Lente

18

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

The map of Chin State (1)

19

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

The map of Chin State (2)

20

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Myanmar Map (1)

21

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Myanmar Map (2)

22

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Chin tribes list in Malaysia There are 53 Chin tribes in Myanmar. Each indigenous group has its own language and culture. Here are some Chin tribes lists and that people are living in Malaysia as refugee status. 1. Chin, Asho 2. Chin, Bawm 3. Chin, Bualkhaw 4. Chin, Chinbon 5. Chin, Dai 6. Chin, Falam(Zanniat) 7. Chin, Lai(Hakha) 8. Chin, Khumi 9. Chin, Khumi Awa 10.Chin, Mara 11.Chin, Mro 12.Chin, Mün 13.Chin, Ngawn 14.Chin, Paite 15.Chin, Senthang 16.Chin, Siyin(Sizang) 17.Chin,Thwar 18.Chin,Tedim 19.Chin,Thado 20.Chin, Zotung 21.Chin, Mizo(Lushay) 22.Chin, Meitei 23.Chin, Thado 24.Chin, Zophei 25.Chin, Zo 26.Chin, Matu 27.Chin, Lautu 28.Chin, Laymyo 29.Chin, Ya 30.Chin, Guite 31.Chin, Mie 32.Chin, Mirum 33.Chin, Paite 34.Chin, Phaileeng 35.Chin,Val 36.Chin, Saizang 37.Chin,Teizang 38.Chin,Vangteh 39.Chin, Losau 40.Chin, Dim 41.Chin, Makaan 42.Chin, Zokhua

Traditional Chin Photos

23

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

The daily live pictures of Dai Land

24

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Activities of DCM

25

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

‘Activities of Victoria Childcare Center’

26

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

‘Southern Chin tribe women faced tattoos and traditional costume Chin men’

27

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

Dai Villages List and Population for New Registration to UNHCR No.

Village Name

Population

Contact Address Dai Community

1.

Kha Yaing (Group)

22

2.

Chaung Yaing

15

3.

Phon Im

2

4.

Lung Imnu (Group)

7

5.

Pyawh

5

6.

Tin Pon Kyin

1

7.

Auk Yin (Group)

11

8.

Paam Taung

6

9.

Mhuh Chain Ding (Group)

11

10.

Shein Baung

8

11.

Ngsaung

1

12.

Khanang (Groups)

11

13.

Yaam Se

3

14.

Chaung Mu (Groups)

2

15.

Mana Yin

6

16.

Kaiimnu (Groups)

6

17.

Madata

2

18.

Khin Phoung (Groups)

20

19.

Shung Tui

15

20.

Kaim (Groups)

10

21.

Auk Cheng (Groups)

24

22.

Cheng Imnu

38

23.

Rup Duk (Groups)

24

24.

Loi Ta

14

Mark

28

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together No.

Village Name

Population

Contact Address Dai Community

25.

Duk (Groups)

29

26.

Tui Li

12

27.

Msangimnu (Groups)

22

28.

Ma Aung

4

29.

Ban Toi (Groups)

12

30.

Hlih Yin

9

31.

Phui Soung

6

32.

Kuiimnu (Groups)

17

33.

Kyung Long

12

34.

Thein Pyong

10

35.

Madaimnu (Groups)

5

36.

Thaiimnu

20

37.

Hlim Ma Sang

8

38.

Nung Htai

5

39.

Thing Kong

3

40.

Lung Tu

6

41.

Hmuntanu

7

42.

Chan Pyan

19

43.

Har Tu

16

44.

Ma Du

4

45.

Mi Tu

4

46.

Kawi Ca

2

47.

Vui Lu

6

48.

Boi Du

1

Mark

29

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together No.

Village Name

Population

Contact Address Dai Community

49.

Rein

1

50.

Kheng Ca

3

51.

Thung Na

1

52.

Mara Ro

1

53

Thung Tui

1

54.

Pam Tui

1

55.

Mashwe

5

56.

Kha Shi (Duk Groups)

4

57.

Kyawh Daw

2

58.

Kyein Dway

5

59.

Hmang Taung

1

60.

Leih Ca

3

61.

Masatui

1

62.

Om Shwi

5

63.

Uk Phou

5

Total population

Mark

542

30

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Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

'dkfif&fvlrsKd;'ku©onfrsm;onf rdrdwdk hrnfrQyiftcuftcJawG hBuKHapumrl rdrdwdk hb0jrSifhwif&efESifh rdrdwdk huJU odk htcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh 'ku©a&mufaeolrsm;udk ulnDEdlif&eftwGuf vlrIa&;?bmoma&;ESifhEdlifiHa&;tzGJUt pnf;rsm;udk rav;&Sm;EdlifiHtwGif; zGJ hpnf;wnfaxmifEdlifcJ hMuonf/ atmufazmfjyygtzGJ htpnf;rsm;onf 'dkfif&f vlrsKd; 'ku©onfrsm;pkpnf;nDnmrIjzifh zGJ hpnf;wnfaxmifcJ haom tzGJ htpnf;rsm;jzpfonf/ 'dkfif&fc&pf,mefrdo[m& 'dkfif&fc&pf,mef rdo[m& toif;udk 2005 ckESpfwGif 'dkfif&fvlrsKd;'ku©onfrsm;ESifh tjcm;csif;wdkif;&if;om;nD tudkarmifESrsm; 0dnmOfa&;tvdk hiSmzGJ hpnf;wnfaxmifcJ hjcif;jzpfonf/ ,cktcg okH;ESpfjynfhaus;Zl;awmfcsD; rGrf;yGJudk jyKvkyfEdlifNyD;jzpfonf/ yxrqkH; 'dkfif&fvlrsKd;'ku©onfrsm;twGuf oma&;? ema&;paom vlrItcuftcJ jyoemrsm;udk 'dkfif&fc&pf,mef rdo[m&rS ygwfpwmrsm;ESifh toif;awmfvlBuD;rsm;\pkaygif;nDnGwfrIjzifh 0dkif; 0ef;ajz&Sif;EdlifcJ honf/ qufvufí 'dkif&fc&pf,mef rdo[m& onfykHrSefBuD;xGm;aeNyD; 'dkfif&fvlrsKd;'ku© onfrsm; ESifh tjcm;csif;wdkif;&if;om;nDtudkarmifESrrsm;twGuf 0dnmOfa&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;udk tm;oGefcGefpdkuf jyKpk ysKd;axmifay;vsuf&Sdonf/ 'dkfif&fc&pf,mefrdo[m&toif;udk rav;&Sm;EdlifiH uGmvmvrfylNrKdUwGif tajcjyK wnfaxmifonf/ 'dkfif&fvlrIa&;toif;(rav;&Sm;) 'dkfif&fvlrsKd;'ku©onfrsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&efESifh oma&;?ema&;ponfhvlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk 0dkif;0ef; ajz&Sif;ay;&eftwGuf 'dkfif&fvlrIa&;toif;udk zGJ hpnf;wnfaxmifEdlifcJ honf/ 'dkfi&f fvlrIa&;toif;onf OD;wnf csuf (9) csufjzifh 'dkfif&fvlrsKd;rsm;tm;vkH;oabmwlnDcsuft& 2008 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv 24 &ufaeUwGifzGJU pnf;wnfaxmifcJ honf/ rav;&Sm;EdlifiHwGif 'dkfif&fvlrsKd;'ku©onfrsm;\ta&twGufrSm ta,muf 1000 0ef; usifjzpfonf/ 'ku©onfrsm;twGuf vlUtcGifha&;qdkif&m nDrQaomcHpm;ydkifcGirfh sm; &,lEdlif&eftwGuf 'dkfif&fvlrI a&; toif; onf r av;&Sm;EdlifiH uGmvmvrfylNrKdU&Sd 'ku©onfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;BuD;&kH;ü ykHrSefrdrdwdk h\tcuf tcJ vlrIjyoemrsm;udkwifjyNyD; 'ku©onfrsm;cHpm;&,lydkifcGifhrsm;udk awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifvsuf&Sdonf/ xdkUjyif EdlifiHwumwGif&Sdaom 'dkif&fvlrsKd;rsm;ESifh rdrdwdk htrsKd;om;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk ndSEdIif;vkyfaqmifvsuf &Sdonf/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m vlrItzGJ htpnf;rsm;? rav;&Sm;EdlifiHtwGif;&Sd tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJ htpnf;rsm;? csif;vlrsKd;EG,fpk tzGJ htpnf;rsm;ESifh tpOfvufwGJNyD; 'dkfif&fvlrsKd;'ku©onfrsm;twGuf pepfwusvkyfaqmifay; vsuf&Sdonf/ axmifxJa&muf&Sdaeaom 'dkfif&fvlrsKd;'ku©onfrsm;? aq;&kHaq;cef; oGm;&efvdktyfaom 'ku©onf rsm;udkvnf; twwfEdlifqkH;ulnDay;vsuf&Sdonf/ xdkjyif 'dkfif&fvlrsKd;'ku©onfrsm;wwd,EdlifiHxGufcGgEdlifa&;t wGufvdktyfaom yHhydk;rIrsm;udkvnf;aqmif&Gufay;vsuf&Sdonf/ 'dkfif&fvlrIa&;toif;(rav;&Sm;)\&kH;pdkuf&mXme tjzpf rav;&Sm;EdlifiH uGmvmvrfylNrKdUudkowfrSwfonf/ 0dwdk&d,uav;apmifha&Smufa&;ausmif; 'dkfif&fvlrsKd;'ku©onfrsm;\ uav;oli,frsm;ESifh tjcm;jrefrmwdkif;&if;om; nDtudkarmifESrrsm;\uav; oli,frsm; pepfwus ynmoifMum;Edlifa&;udk &nf&G,fvsuf 01?05?2008 ckESpfwGif 'dkfif&fvlrIa&;toif; rav; &Sm;\ yHhydk;ulnDrIjzifh þausmif;udk pwifwnfaxmifonf/ csif;vlrsKd;ESifhjrefrmvlrsKd; 'kuo © nfuav;rsm;ykHrSef vma&mufynmoifMum;vsuf&Sdonf/ ausmif;csdefrSm wevmFae hrS aomMumae htxdjzpfNyD; eHeuf 10;00 em&D rS rGef;vGJ 3;00 em&Dtxdjzpfonf/ 2008 ckESpftwGif; tcsdefjynfh q&mr ESpfa,mufrS uav;oli,frsm;udk ynmoifMum;ay;cJUonf/ tcsdef;ydkif; q&m okH;a,mufrS vdktyfvsuf&Sdaom oif&kH;nTef;wrf;rsm;udk yHUykd;ulnD oifMum;ay;onf/ ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm;udk rav;&Sm;EdlifiHrS tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJ htpnf;rsm;rS oif Mum; a&;qdkif&m oifwef;rsm; ay;vsuf&Sdonf/ ,cktcg ,ltiftdyfcsfpDtm&kH;rS pmtkyfpmwrf; ESifh pma&;u&d ,mrsm; tenf; i,f axmufyHUay;onf/ 32

Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

'ku©onfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;BuD;&kH;ESifh 'dkfif&f'ku©onfrsm; rav;&Sm;EdlifiH 'ku©onfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;BuD;&kH;rS 'dkfif&f'ku©onfrsm;udktrsm;qkH;rSwfykHwifay;rIrSm 2006 ckESpfwGifjzpfonf/ xkdESpftwGif; 'dkfif&f'ku©onfta,mufaygif; 300 txufudk rSwfykHwifay;cJ honf/ pkpkaygif; 'dkfif&f'ku©onfrsm;udk 'ku©onfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;BuD;&kH;rS ta,muf 400 cefUrSwfykHwifay;cJ honf/ 2007 ckESpfwGifrl 10 *Pef;rQudkomrSwfykHwifay;cJ honf/ xdkokdUrSwfykHwifay;rIrSm axmifxJwGif tzrf;tqD;cH&ol rsm;ESifh udk,f0efaqmiftrsKd;orD;rsm;omjzpfonf/ 2008 ckESpf 'ku©onfrsm;udkrSwfykHwifjcif; 2008 ckESpfwGif rav;&Sm;EdlifiH&Sd 'ku©onfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;BuD;&kH;rS csif;vlrsKd; 'ku©onfrsm;udk tenf; qkH; udk;BudrfrSwfykHwifay;cJ honf/ rSwfykHwifay;aom ta&twGufrSm ta,mufaygif; 5000 txufjzpfonf/ odk haomf 'dkfif&f'ku©onfrsm;udkrl rSwfykHwifay;jcif;r&SdyJ tBudrfBudrfausmfoGm;cJ honf/ 'dkfif&f'ku©onfrsm;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk 'dkfif&fuGefjrLeDwD&Sd wm0ef&Sdolrsm;rS ,ltifeftdyfcsfpDtmt&m&Srd sm;xHwGif ay;tyfcJUaomf vnf; wpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrQ rSwfykHwifay;jcif;r&SdcJ hyg/ þuJUodkU tjzpfqdk;BuD;rS a&Smif&Sm;Edlif&ef oufqdkif&m ,ltifeftdyfcsfpDtm t&m&Sdrsm;udk 'dkfi&f fuGefjrLeDwD&Sd wm0ef&Sdolrsm;rS &Si;f vif;pGmwifjyay;cJ hNyD;jzpfonf/'ku© onfrsm; udkrSwfykHwifay;jcif;aESmihfaES;jcif;\ aemufqufwGJqkd;usdK;tjzpf 'ku©rsm;\ vlrIa&;b0udkrsm;pGm xdcdkuf epfemaMumif; ,ltifeftdyfcsfpt D m t&m&Sdrsm;em;vnfoabmaygufoifhonf/ wwd,EdlifiHodk hxGufcGga&; 'ku©onfrsm;\ wpfckwnf;aomxGufaygufrSm wwd,EdlifiHodk hxGufcGgEdlifa&;jzpfonf/ xdkrSomvQif 'ku© onfrsm;tjzpfrS vGwfajrmufEdlifrnfjzpfonf/ rav;&Sm;&Sdtjcm;csif; 'ku©onfrsm; enf;wl 'kdif&f 'ku© onfrsm; onfvnf; tenf;qkH; ,ltiftdyfcsfpDtm&kH;wGifrSwfykHwifNyD;rS ESpfESpfcef w h wd,EdlifiHodkUxGufcGgEdlifa&;twGuf pdwf&Snfvuf&Snfapmifh arQmf&onf/ wwd,EdlifiHrsm;jzpfonfh aemfa0;?'def;rwf?MopaMw;vsm;?uae'gESifh tar &duefjynfaxmifpkodk hajymif;a&TUtajcjcaexdkifaom 'kdif&f 'ku© onfrsm; rSm ta,muf 300 ausmf cefU&Sd onf/ 'ku©onftrsKd;orD;rsm; 'kdif&f'ku©onftrsKd;orD;rsm;\ b0rSm rdrdwdk hvifa,musfm;\vkyfpmudkomrSDcdkae&onf/ vufrIvkyfief; rsm;udk rdrdwdk hZmwdaus;&GmwGif wydkifwEdlifvkyfudkifaqmif&GufEdlifaomfvnf; rav;&Sm;wGifrlvkyfudkifaqmif&Guf Edlifjcif;r&Sday/ tdrfwGif;atmif;jcif;jzpfom rdrdwdkU tzdk;weftcsdefrsm;udk ausmfjzwfae&onf/ trsKd;orD;rsm; twGuf tusKd;&Sdaom vufrIvkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqmifEdlif&eftwGuf tpdk;&r[kwfaom vlrItzGJ htpnf;rsm;ESifh 'dkifuGefjrLeDwD&Sd wm0ef&Sdolrsm;rS BudK;pm;&SmazGvsuf&Sdonf/ f

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Dai Community in Malaysia Hearts, Heads and Hands Together

“Our Organization and Structure”

‘Teacher Training by the help of ACTS’

‘DCM Leaders’

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,ltifeftdyfcsfpDtm wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifhawGUqkHjcif; 'dkifuGefjrLeDwDwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf 2008 ckESpfwGif ,ltifeftdyfcsfpDtm&kH;rSwm0ef&Sdolrsm;zdwfMum;csuft& tpnf;ta0;rsm;wufa&mufNyD; 'dkifvlrsKd; 'ku©onfrsm;\ta&;udpörsm;udk tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;ndSEdIif;cJ hMu ygonf/ ,ltifeftdyfcsfpDtm t&m&Sdjzpfonf Mr.Mikaael Abdulah ESifh tjyeftvSefaqG;aEGl;ndSEdIif;NyD; 'ku© onfrsm; rSwfykHwifcGif&&Sda&;twGuf vdktyfaompm&if;Z,m;rsm;udk okH;Budrfay;tyfcJ hygonf/ 2008 ckESpf wGif ,ltifeftdyfcsfpDtm&kH;rS Community Development Unit wm0efcH Ms.Britticia \zdwfMum;csuft&aemufqkH;tBudrftpnf;ta0;wufa&mufcJ hNyD; 2009 ckESpfwGif 'dkif'ku©onfrsm;udk,ltifef tdyfcsfpDtmrS rSwfykHwifay;rnfhtaMumif;wdusonfh uwd0efcHcsufrsm;&&SdcJ hygonf/ 2009 ckESpfwGif 'ku©onfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;BuD;&kH;\wm0efcH Mr.Alan Vernon \zdwfMum;csuft& tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufcJ hNyD; 2009 ckESpw f Gif ,ltifeftdyfcsfpDtm&kH;rS 'ku©onfrsm;udkydkrdkrSwfykHwifay;rnfht aMumif;ESifh wwd,EdlifiHodk hydkrdkydk haqmifay;rnfjzpfaMumif; csif;vlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;tMum;nDrQaomrSwfykHwifay; rIrsm;jyKvkyfay;rnfjzpfaMumif; 8wday;ajymMum;cJ hygonf/ 2009 ckESpfazazmf0g&Dv 19 &ufae hwGif Community Development Unit wm0efcH Ms.Britticia \zdwfMum;csuft& 'dkifuGefjrLeDwDrS taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rI; Dominique Thet Saw onf tjcm;csif;wdkif; &if;om;rsKd;EG,fpk udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifhtwl tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufNyD; csif;'ku©onfrsm;twGuf 2009 ckESpf rSwfykHwifay;jcif;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;? rdom;pkrSwfykHwifay;jcif;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;? wwd,EdlifiHodk hjyefvnfae &mcsxm;ay;qdkif&m rl0g'rsm; ESifh tzrf;tqD;cH csif;'ku©onfrsm;twGuf pyfvsOf;aom ar;cGef;rsm; ar;Mum; cJUygonf/ rav;&Sm; UNHCR &kH;rSwm0ef&Sdolrsm;rScsif;'ku©onfrsm;udkydkrdk rSwfykHwifay;rnfhtaMumif;ESifhw yg;wnf; uGefjrLeDwDtoD;oD;rS wdusrSefuefaom 'ku©onfrsm;\ udk,fa&;&mZ0ifrsm;udk uGefjrLeDwDtoD;oD; rSay;tyf&ef? rdom;pkrSwfykHwifay;jcif;twGuf {NyDv 15 &ufae haemufqkH; UNHCR &kH;odk hay;tyf&ef?t zrf;tqD;cHolrsm; pm&if;udk CDU wm0efcHxHodk h taMumif;Mum;&ef ESifh 'ku©onfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;aomtaxG axGtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;ndSEdIif; aqmif&GufcJ hMuygonf/ 2009 ckESpf rwfv 12 &ufae hwGif uGmvmvrfylESifh tDayg? rwfv 19 &ufae hwGif uvefwef? uifr&Gef [kdufvJef;ESifh a*s[dk;e,frsm; &Sd 'kdif'ku©onfrsm;\udk,fa&; &mZ0ifrSwfwrf;rsm;udk 'dkifuGefjrLeDwDrS twGif; a&;rI; Dominique Thet Saw ESifh Gregory Aung Thang wdk honf UNHCR &kH;\ rSwfykHwifay;a&; t&m&Sd Mr.Mikaael Abdulah xHay;tyfcJ hygonf/ rwfv 22 &ufae hwGif yxrOD;qkH; 'kdif'ku©onfrsm;udk rdom;pkrSwfykHwifay;jcif; twGuf UNHCR &kH;rS Appointment ay;cJ hygonf/ NGOs rsm;ESifh bmoma&;qdkif&m ulnDrIrsm;

2008 -2009 ckESpftwGif; tultnD&&SdrIrSm tvGefenf;yg;aomvnf; 2009 –2010 ckESpfwGif arQmfvifh csufa&mifjcnfrsm;ydkrdk&SifoefvmcJ hygonf/ 'dkifuGefjrLeDwDudkvuf&SdulnDaeaom tzGJ htpnf;rsm;rSm ACTS, h pnf;rsm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ulnD Tzu Chi, Harvest Center wdk hESifh pifumylESifh t8FvefEdlifiHrS tzGJ t aqmifrrIaMumifh 2009 ckESpfwGif ydkrdktultnDrsm;&&Sd awmhrnfjzpfonf/ t8FvefEdlifiHrS c&pf,mef nDtpfr Mrs.Kim Eng Sherwood rS 'kdif'ku©onftrsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf tyfcsKyfpufESifhtwl &HykHaiGtcsKd hvI'gef; ay;tyfcJ hygonf/ xkd hjyif &kH;vkyfief;wGif ykdrdkwGifus,fpGm qufoG,faqmif&GufEdlif&eftwGuf internet tokH;jyK Edlif&ef Mrs.Kim Eng Sherwood ESifh Ms.Katerine wdk hrS tvIaiGtcsKd hay;tyfvI'gef;cJ hygonf/ xdk hjyif uifr&Gef;[dkufvJef; ? uvefwef? tDayg e,frsm;odk h'dkifuGefjrLeDwD acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhtwloGm;a&mufNyD; 'kdif vlrsKd; 'ku©onfrsm;udk 0dnmOfa&;qdkif&mtulnDrsm;ESifh twl vufawG husaotultnDrsm;ay;tyfcJhyg onf/ 35