D55

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﻳﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ ‪ -‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ – ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺧﺪﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤـﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻇـﻴﻔﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺘـﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﺠﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺑﺴـﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴـﻪﺍﻱ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗـﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﻳـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ )‪ ١(DEA‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻳـﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺑـﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪- Data Envelopment Analysis‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻓﻦﺁﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳـﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﺘﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﻼﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺻـﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺪﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺟﻤﻬـﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ٤٤‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻒ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ١٢٤‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ )ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧـﻲ( ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺷـﺒﻜﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻳﻴﻨﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴـﻦ ﺑـﻨﺪ ‪ ٨‬ﻣﺼـﻮﺑﻪ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٣٤/٢١٠٩‬ﻣﻮﺭﺥ ‪ ١٣٨٠/١٢/٢٥‬ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ “ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﮕـﺮﺍﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻔـﻦ ﻣﻮﻇـﻒ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺻـﻼﺡ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﻌـﺮﻓﻪﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬـﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺁﺗﻲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ”‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺧـﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠـﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﺗﺨﺼـﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳـﺖ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﺠﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﻭﮔـﺎﻥ ﺣﻤـﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘـﻞ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫)ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ )ﺟﺬﺏ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ( ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻞ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٧٨‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ‪ ١٣٨٠‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪٧٥/١٢٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠـﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳـﺎﻝ‪ ١٣٩/١٤٩ ،‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﻭ ‪ ١٢٣/٥٥٢‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ )ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ( ‪ ٢٩٣‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ٢٩٨ ،‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺳـﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ‪ ٣٤٢‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﺩﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٥٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧـﺮﺥ ﺧﺪﻣـﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ )ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺴﺖ( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺑـﻼﻍ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ )ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ )ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫـﺮ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺷﺎﻏﻞ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﻪ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺧﺪﻣـﺎﺕ ﭘﺴـﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻮﻱ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺁﻫﻨﮓ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻄـﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﻀﺎﻭﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ )‪ (DEA‬ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ )‪ (DEA‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ‪ ٢‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ‪ ٣‬ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟـﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴـﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﺘﺪﻭﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﺍﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪- Technical Efficiency‬‬

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‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳـﻲ ﻓﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗـﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳـﻲ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ )ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎ )ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻝ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٣‬ﻣﺘﻐـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸـﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ )‪ (DEA‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻮﻱ ﺍﻭﻡ ‪ ٤‬ﻭ ﻳـﻮ ‪ [١٩٩٤] ٥‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ )‪ (TE‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴـﻦ ﻛﻨـﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ‪ ١٦‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ‪ OECD‬ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ١٩٧٨‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٩٨٩‬ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸـﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ )‪ ،(DEA‬ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳـﻲ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﭼﻨﺪﻳـﻦ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ )ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣـﺘﺮ( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏـﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺍﺗﻜﺎﺀ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ )ﺟﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ( ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻭﻳﺎﻣـﺎ‪ ٦‬ﻭ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺟﻴﻤﺎ ‪ [ ٢٠٠٢] ٧‬ﺻﺺ ‪ ١-٢٣‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻲ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٩٩٠‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫‪ DEA‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ )ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ( ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳـﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳـﻲ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘــﻲ ﺑــﻪ ﻳــﻚ ﺷــﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳــﻲ ﭘﺴــﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄــﻮﺭ ﻗــﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬــﻲ ﺍﻓــﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣــﻲﺩﻫــﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﻤﻨــﺘﺎ ‪ ، ٨‬ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﻮﺯ ‪ ٩‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﮕـﻮﺁ ‪ ، [٢٠٠٠ ] ١٠‬ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳـﻲ ‪ ١٤٥‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴـﺘﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٦‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٩٩٨‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺮﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ‪ ١١‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﻘـﻖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺒﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ )ﻏﻴﺒﺖ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿـﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜـﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،١٣٨٠ ،‬ﺻـﺺ ‪ ١٣٧٥-٨٣‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑـﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ )ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻲ( ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ )ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪١٣٦٩‬‬ ‫ﺗـﺎ ‪ ١٣٧٩‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪- Oum‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪- Yu‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬

‫‪- Maruyama‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪- Nakajima‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪- Pimenta‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬

‫‪- Santos‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬

‫‪- Lagoa‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬

‫‪- Stochastic Frontier‬‬

‫‪١١‬‬

‫ﺗـﺎ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭﻡ ‪ %١١‬ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳـﻲ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ‪ %١١٢ ،‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ‪ ١٢‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ )‪(DEA‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ )‪ (DEA‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﺎﺭﻧﺰ‪ ، ١٣‬ﻛﻮﭘﺮ‪ ١٤‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﺯ‪ ،[١٩٧٨] ١٥‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣـﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳـﺮ ﺟﻬـﺎﻥ ﺑﻌـﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ )‬ ‫‪ (DEA‬ﺍﺯ ﭼـﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻳـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ )‪ ١٦ (DMU‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ ١٧‬ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ‪ ١٨‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ – ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪ n‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ( ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣـﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ – ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ )ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ( ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﻮﻟـﻴﺪﻱ )ﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ‪ ١٩‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺠﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ – ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬

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‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‪ - ٢١‬ﺭﺍ ﻧـﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﹼﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٢‬ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ – ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ١١‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪ – ١٣٨٠‬ﺻﺺ‪١٣٧٥ - ٨٣ ،‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬

‫‪- Charnes‬‬

‫‪١٣‬‬

‫‪- Cooper‬‬

‫‪١٤‬‬

‫‪- Rhodes‬‬

‫‪١٥‬‬

‫‪- Decision Making Unit‬‬

‫‪١٦‬‬

‫‪- Inputs‬‬

‫‪١٧‬‬

‫‪- Outputs‬‬

‫‪١٨‬‬

‫‪- Efficiency‬‬

‫‪١٩‬‬

‫‪- Effectiveness‬‬

‫‪٢٠‬‬

‫‪- Economy‬‬

‫‪٢١‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻏـﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣـﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ )‪ (DEA‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓـﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺰﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ﹰ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳـﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ )ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﻚ )ﻳﺎ ‪ ،(%١٠٠‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳـﻚ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻛ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢﮔـﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻛـﺎﺭﺁ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳـﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳـﻲ ﻓﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴـﺒﻲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ )ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ( ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﺯﻭﻥ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠــﻪ ﻣــﺪﻝﻫــﺎﻱ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻠــﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸــﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫــﺎ ﻛــﻪ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻛــﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣــﺪﻝﻫــﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ ٢٢ CCR‬ﻭ ‪ ٢٣ BCC‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪ CCR‬ﺑـﺎ ﻓـﺮﺽ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺑـﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ )‪ ٢٤ (CRS‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪BCC‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ )‪ ٢٥(VRS‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓـــﺮﺽ ﻛﻨـــﻴﺪ ﻣـــﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫـــﻴﻢ ‪ n‬ﻭﺍﺣـــﺪ ﺗﺼـــﻤﻴﻢﮔـــﻴﺮﻱ )‪ (DEA‬ﻛـــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴـــﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـــﻲ ﺗﺤﻠـــﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳـــﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺴـــﺖ ﻫﻤـــﺎﻥ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴـــﺖ ﺍﺳـــﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸـــﻮﺭ ﻫﺴـــﺘﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣـــﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑـــﻲ ﻗـــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫـــﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻫـــﺮ ‪ DMU‬ﺍﺯ ‪m‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬــﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺨــﺘﻠﻒ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟــﻴﺪ ‪ S‬ﺳــﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺨــﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣــﻲﻛــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑــﻪ ﻋــﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮ‪ DMUJ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳــﺮ ﻧﻬــﺎﺩﻩﻫــﺎﻱ‬ ‫)‪ … Xmj‬ﻭ ‪ X٢j‬ﻭ ‪ Xj = (X١j‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ )‪ … уsj‬ﻭ‪ у٢j‬ﻭ ‪ Yj =(y١j‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ = X١j‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ‪j‬‬ ‫‪ = X٢j‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ‪j‬‬ ‫‪ = X٣j‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ‪j‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ = уj‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ‪j‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ‪ s * n‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪ y‬ﻭ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ‪ m* n‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪ x‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪DEA‬‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﻣـﺮﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ‪ DMU‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪DMU .‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢٢‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ CCR‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﭼﺎﺭﻧﺰ )‪ ،(Charnes‬ﻛﻮﭘﺮ )‪ (Cooper‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﺯ )‪ (Rhodes‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢٣‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ BCC‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻨﻜﺮ)‪ ،(Banker‬ﭼﺎﺭﻧﺰ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫‪- Constant Return to Scale‬‬

‫‪٢٤‬‬

‫‪- Variable Return to Scale‬‬

‫‪٢٥‬‬

‫ﻫﺎﻳـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ DMU ،‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ‪ DMU‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳـﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﺮ ‪ DMU‬ﻱ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻞ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ BCC‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ BCC‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪θ p = Maxθ p‬‬

‫∗‬

‫‪S.t‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬

‫‪p‬‬

‫‪∑ λjXj ≤ X‬‬ ‫‪j =1‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬

‫‪p‬‬

‫‪∑ λjyj ≥ y θ‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬

‫‪j =1‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬

‫‪∑ λj = 1‬‬ ‫‪j =1‬‬

‫‪j = 1,...., n‬‬

‫‪λj ≥ 0‬‬

‫ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ Xj‬ﻣﺘﻐـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ )ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ(‪ уj ،‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ )ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ(‪ Xp ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ DMU‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ‪λ j‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ ∗θ p‬ﺿﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻴﻤﻢﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٣٤٢) ١٣٨٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١٣٨١‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ ١٣٨٢‬ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ‪ ٣٤٧‬ﻣﺮﺳـﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ‪ ٥١٨‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٨٠‬ﻭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫)ﺟﺬﺏ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ )ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ( ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺭﻳﺎﺿـﻲ ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸـﻲﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﺮﻡ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Frontier Analyst Version ٣,١‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫‪ (٣-١‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٨٠‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﺗﹰﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﭘﺴـﺘﻲ ﺳﺮﺍﺳـﺮ ﺟﻬـﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ )ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻳﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣـﺘﻌﺪﺩ )ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ ﺗﺠـﺰﻳﻪ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ )‪ (TE‬ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻛـﻞ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭﻫـﺎ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺑﻌـﻼﻭﻩ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺳـﻴﻜﻠﺖﻫﺎﻳـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪١٣٨٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴـﻦ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬـﺮﺍﻥ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪ CCR‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ ، BCC‬ﺻـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎﺭﺁ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ )‪ ١٤٧‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺳـﻮﻟﻪ( ﻭ ﻭﺳـﻌﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻘـﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ (٣-٢‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫‪ (٣-٢-١‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪ BCC‬ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸـﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻼ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ( ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ –‪ ١‬ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻼﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ )ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴـﻦ ‪ ٢٧‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻬﮕﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﺮﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳـﻼﻡ ﺑﺎ ‪ ، %١٠٠‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻭ ﻣﺎﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﺑـﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﻴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻓﺰﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪) λ‬ﺍﻭﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻤـﺰﺍﺩ( ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ‪ DEA‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ )ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ( ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ λ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ‪ +١ ،‬ﻭ ‪ -١‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪ λ‬ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ +١‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻓﺰﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪١‬‬ ‫ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻫـﻨﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ λ‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬‫‪ Frontier‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ –‪ ١‬ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳـﻚ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳـﻲ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٣١-٤٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ٢ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٤١ -٥٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ٥ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳـﻲ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﺑﻴـﻦ ‪ ٥١-٦٠‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‪ ٧ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٦١-٧٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ٤ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٧١-٨٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ‪ ٨١-٩٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ‪ ٩١-٩٩/٩‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ٦‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ ‪ %١٠٠‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - ٢٦‬ﺑـﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﻴﺎﺱ )‪ ،(Constant return to scale‬ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺳـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺧﻄـﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫـﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - ٢٧‬ﺑـﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ‪ In creasing return to Scale‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬

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‫ﺑـﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻫـﻨﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﻴﺎﺱ )‪ ( Decreasing return to Scale‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﻣﻐﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ (٣-٢-٢‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ )‪(Slacks‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤـﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔـﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻻﻧـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺑﺤـﺚ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺍ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧـﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳـﻢ‪ .‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ‪ ٨٨/٨٧‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪%٢١/٩٤‬‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﺪﻑ )‪ ١٧٤/٨٥ ،(Target‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ )ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ( ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ١٦/٤٥‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫–‪ ٢‬ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳـﻲ )‪ (Efficiency Report‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻘـﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﭘﺴـﺘﻲ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﺑﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ )‪ (Peers‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (٣-٢-٣‬ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ )‪ (Peer group‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺍﻳـﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ DEA‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ )‪ (Peers‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺍ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬـﺘﺮ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻧـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﻧﺎﻛـﺎﺭﺁ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻓﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ –‪ ٢‬ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪ ٨٨/٨٧‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳـﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠـﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑـﻲ ﺍﻛـﺘﻔﺎ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ –‪ ٢‬ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪﺑـﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ‪ ١٣٩ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ‪ ٣٩‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ‪ ١٩٠‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ‪ ١٤١‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ‪ ٣٩‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠـﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣـﺎ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ )ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ( ﻛﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﻣﺠﻤـﻮﻉ ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ ﻣـﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ ٧٠ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ )ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ( ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘـﻴﺠﻪ ﭼﻨﻴـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻌﻀـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ ١٤٨٠٠‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ‪ ٨٧٣٧‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺆﺍﻝ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺑـﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠـﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑـﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺍ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ )‪ (Input /Output Contribtion‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳـﻲ ﺟﺴـﺘﺠﻮ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺷـﻦ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻣﻄﻠـﺐ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺁ‬ ‫)ﻣـﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗـﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ( ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺗﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃـﺒﻖ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ –‪ ،٢‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛـﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﺴـﺘﻲ )ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ( ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ )ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻫﻢﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿـﻤﻦ ﺍﻳـﻨﻜﻪ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺪﻑ )ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ( ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٢٤‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ‪ ١٧٤/٨٥‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ٢١/٩٤‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ١٦/٤٥‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٨٧٣٧‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ‪ ١٠١٧٤‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ١٦/٤٥‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ )‪ (peer Contribution‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪/٣‬‬ ‫‪ ٢٧٧‬ﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻂ ﻧﻘﻠـﻴﻪ ﻭ ‪ ٥٨٦/٤‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﻭ ‪ ٤٥/٧‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ)ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ(ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ ١٤٣٠٤‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ )ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﻩ( ﭘﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺪﻑ )‪ (Target‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪ ، Peer Contribution‬ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠـﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑـﻲ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪peer ،‬‬ ‫‪ Contribution‬ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺨـﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ‪ %١٠٠‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺻـﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻌـﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳـﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳـﻨﺠﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻂ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ١٩٣/٣‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ٤١٨/١‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪ ٣٧/٦‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ١١٠٧٦٥٦٦‬ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﻗـﻢ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻬﻢ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤـﺘﺮﺍﺯ )‪ ، (peer Contribution‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻂ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪/٨‬‬ ‫‪ ٢٢٧‬ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛـﻨﺎﻥ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ‪ ٥٣١/٤٢‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٤٨/٦٢‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪١٥٣١٦‬‬ ‫ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻗﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -٤‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳـﻲ ﻓﻨـﻲ ‪ ٢٧‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ BCC‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳـﺮ ﻫـﺪﻑ )‪ (Target‬ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ )‬ ‫‪ (Slacks‬ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﻨﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣـﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳـﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔـﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﻧﺎﻛـﺎﺭﺁ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﻨﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻐﻴـﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳـﺮ ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (Efficiency report‬ﻭ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﻫـﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ –‪ ٢‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ %١٠٠‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﺰﻭﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٢‬‬

‫‪ -٤-١‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٤-١-١‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧـﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤـﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳـﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻫﻨﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤-١-٢‬ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤-١-٣‬ﭼـﻮﻥ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﭘﺴـﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻏﻴﺮﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺪﻑﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤-١-٤‬ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸـﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤-١-٥‬ﻧـﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺭﻳﺎﺿـﻲ ﺗﺤﻠـﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸـﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ )‪ (DEA‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬،‫ “ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬، (١٣٧٨) ‫ ﻧﺼـﺮﺕ ﺍ… ﻋﻠﻤـﺪﺍﺭ‬،‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿـﺎ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿـﺎﻳﻲ‬ .‫ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﺰﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ‬،”‫ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬،‫ “ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬،(١٣٧٩) ‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎﻳﻲ‬ .‫ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺭﺟﺎﻳﻲ‬، ”‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ “ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬،(١٣٨٠) ‫ ﺑﻬـﺮﻭﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸـﻴﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿـﺎ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿـﺎﻳﻲ‬ .١١ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬،‫ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬،‫ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬،”‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

Banker, R.D A. Charnes, W.W.Cooper. [1984] “ Some for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis” Management Science , 30, 1078-1092. Charnes, A., W.W. Cooper and E. Rhodes. [1978] “Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units” European Journal of Operational Research , 2, 429-444. Coelli, T., D.S.Rao and G.E.Battese. [1998] An Introduction to Efficiency and productivity Analysis Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Cohen,R.H., E.H.Chu, W.W.Ferguson and S.S.Xenakis. [1997] “A Cross Sectional Comparison and Analysis of Productivity for 21 National Postal Administrations” In Managing Change in the Postal and Delivery Industries, edited by M.A. Crew and P.R.Kleindorfer. Boston , MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers , 83-114. Emroznejad, A. & Tanassolis , E (1994) , “An Extension Bibiliography of Data Envelopment Analysis”, Volum II, Journal Papers, University of

Warwick

Fare, R., S. Grosskopf, M. Norris and Z.Zhang. [1994] “ Productivity Technical Progress, and Efficiency Changens in Industrialized Countries” American Economic Review, 84, 66-83.

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Maddala, G.S. [2000] Introduction to Econometrics Third Edition, Prentice – Hall, Inc. Maruyama,S., T. Nakajima [2000] “ The Productivity Analysis of Postal Services – Global Comparison of the Technical Efficiency and the Total Factor Productivity IPTP Discussion Paper Series 2002 – 01. Nakajima, T. [2001] The Producitivity Analysis of Japanese Ecocomy – Empirical Approach with Real Data, Nihon Keizai Simbunsha, [Japanese]. Oum, T.H, C.Yu [1994] “Economic Efficiency of Railways and Implications for Public Policy” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy Vol. 28,121-138. Pimenta. A.A., R.G.Santos and S.C.Langoa. [2000] “Technical Efficiency in CTT – Correios de Portugal” In Current Directions in Postal Reform, edited by M.A.Crew and P.R.Kleindorfer. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 237-272.

١٥

‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮدار ‪ ١-‬ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ رﺗﺒﻪ ﮐﺎراﻳﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ ادارﻩ هﺎی ﭘﺴﺖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎی ﮐﺸﻮر‬

‫‪Distribution of scores‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬

‫‪٠‬‬

‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬

‫‪Efficient‬‬

‫‪٩١ to ٩٩٫٩‬‬

‫‪٨١ to ٩٠‬‬

‫‪٧١ to ٨٠‬‬

‫‪٦١ to ٧٠‬‬

‫‪٥١ to ٦٠‬‬

‫‪١٦‬‬

‫‪٤١ to ٥٠‬‬

‫‪٣١ to ٤٠‬‬

‫‪٢١ to ٣٠‬‬

‫‪١١ to ٢٠‬‬

‫‪٠ to ١٠‬‬

Azarbayjan gharby Mazandaran Post Office

‫ ﻡﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﮐﺎراﻳﯽ‬٢ -‫ﻧﻤﻮدار‬ ‫ﻓﻨﯽ ﭘﺴﺖ اﺳﺘﺎن اذرﺏﺎﻳﺠﺎن‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺏﯽ ﺏﺎ ﮔﺮوﻩ هﻤﺘﺮاز ان‬ ‫ﻡﺎزﻧﺪران‬

١٣٩

total staff

١٨٩

total vichles

١٦٤

Postal Traffic

١٧٠

٠

٥٠

١٠٠

١٥٠

٢٠٠

١٧

‫ﺝﺪول ـ ‪ ١‬درﺻﺪ آﺎراﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ادارﻩ هﺎي ﭘﺴﺖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺏﺎ ﺗﻮﺝﻪ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ اﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ردﻳﻒ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬

‫ﺗﺎم ادارﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ اﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﻡﺎزﻧﺪران‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬ ‫اﺻﻔﻬﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬ ‫آﻬﻜﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ وﺏﻮﻳﺮ اﺣﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻳﻼم‬ ‫ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎ ن‬ ‫اذرﺏﺎ ﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺏﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﻼن‬ ‫ﻓﺎرس‬ ‫زﻧﺠﺎن‬ ‫اردﺏﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻡﺮآﺰي‬ ‫هﺮﻡﺰﮔﺎن‬ ‫آﺮﻡﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎ ن‬ ‫اذرﺏﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺵﺮﻗﻲ‬ ‫آﺮدﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎرﻡﺤﺎل و ﺏﺨﺘﻴﺎري‬ ‫ﻝﺮﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫هﻤﺪان‬ ‫ﺏﻮﺵﻬﺮ‬ ‫آﺮﻡﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻳﺰد‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎن وﺏﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن‬

‫ﻡﻘﺪار آﺎراﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪91.35‬‬ ‫‪85.87‬‬ ‫‪78.3‬‬ ‫‪77.61‬‬ ‫‪77.24‬‬ ‫‪71.58‬‬ ‫‪67.73‬‬ ‫‪66.61‬‬ ‫‪64.97‬‬ ‫‪64.84‬‬ ‫‪63.26‬‬ ‫‪63.22‬‬ ‫‪61.3‬‬ ‫‪59.71‬‬ ‫‪55.92‬‬ ‫‪55.13‬‬ ‫‪55.12‬‬ ‫‪53.94‬‬ ‫‪48.3‬‬ ‫‪42.55‬‬ ‫‪38.2‬‬

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‫ﻡﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﺛﺎﺏﺖ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﺛﺎﺏﺖ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﺛﺎﺏﺖ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﺛﺎﺏﺖ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﺛﺎﺏﺖ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﺛﺎﺏﺖ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ آﺎهﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ آﺎهﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ آﺎهﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ آﺎهﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ آﺎهﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ آﺎهﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ آﺎهﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ آﺎهﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ آﺎهﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺏﺎزدﻩ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺏﻪ ﻡﻘﻴﺎس‬