D30

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﺗﺎﺟﮕﺮﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺴﻮ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﻫـﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻧـﺪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻛـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻋﻄﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘـﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ )ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ( ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ )ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ( ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻠـﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻛﻮﺷـﺶﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﻪ ﺩﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻲﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺴـﺘﺮﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻄﻒ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ)ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ( ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃـﺒﻖ ﺗﻌـﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺨﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰﻱ ﮔﺮﻓـﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺴـﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﺻـﻼﺣﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺩﻭﻟـﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ )ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ( ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳـﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳـﻨﺔ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘـﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞﮔـﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗـﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ )ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ( ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭﺝ‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺧﺪﺷﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼـﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﺔ ﻣـﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺷﻜﻮﻓﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘـﻲﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺪﺷﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﺳﺎﺯﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﺷـﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ )ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ( ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪ ـ ﻫﺮﻳـﻨﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳـﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓـﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺷـﻦ ﮔـﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫‪ -١-١‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸـﻴﻨﺔ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺻـﺮ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﭽـﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ »ﺟﻨﻮﺏ« ﺩﺭ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﺔ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .١‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺰﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺼﺔ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺩﻫﺔ‬ ‫‪ ١٣٣٠‬ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺩﺷﺖ ﻣﻐﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺩﺷﺖ ﻣﻐﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻐﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑـﻲ ﻣـﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺸـﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻣـﭙﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋـﻲ ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﺭﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺸـﺎﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺗـﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻣﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ـ ﺩﺍﻣﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﺔ ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺴـﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻤـﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺷﺖ ﻣﻐﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﻕ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﺮﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ـ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٤٦‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪١١‬ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳـﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﺪﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺁﻫﻨﮓ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ـ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧـﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻗﻄـﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸـﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻗﻄﺒﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺮﻣﺰﻛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺳـﻂ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﺗﻬـﻴﻪ ﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﺔ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ ١‬ﺻﺮﺍﻓﻲ ـ ﻣﻈﻔﺮ )‪ (١٣٧٧‬ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﭖ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ـ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ‪ .‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪٧١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﻮﻧـﻲ ﺑـﻪﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻓﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺎﻫـﻨﮓ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘـﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘـﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ )‪ ،(١٣٥٢-٥٦‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻋﻄـﻒ ﻣﺤﺴـﻮﺏ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٥٢‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳـﻚ ﺩﻓـﺘﺮ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـﺘﺮﺍﺩﻑ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﺰﻭﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔـﺎﻩ ﻧﻈـﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ـ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ )ﭼﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘـﻼﺏ ﺍﺳـﻼﻣﻲ ﻭ ﭼـﻪ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ( ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻔﻬـﻮﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﺳﺨﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻧـﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﺠـﺮﺑﻪﻫﺎﻳـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣـﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫـﺪﻑﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣـﺎﺕ ﻛـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ـ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ ﻋﺎﺩﻻﻧـﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺐﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕـﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻴـﻦ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋـﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ﺑـﻪﻣـﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﮔـﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺧﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ‪،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪،‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ـ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧـﺎﺕ ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳـﺖﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻤﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬

‫ـ ﻃـﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺯﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﺐ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪﺍﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ « ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕﺁﻣﺎﻳﺶﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘـﻨﺠﻢ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳـﻴﺲ ﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻲ – ﻣﺮﺩﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨـﺒﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻣـﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ )ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﻭ …( ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳـﻲ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻣـﻲﻛـﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻟـﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴـﺘﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﺸﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻨﺤﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤـﻦﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ ﻧـﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺩﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺭﻭﻧـﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻧﮕـﺎﻩ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﺳﺎﺯﻳﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷـﺘﺎﺏ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻫﺪﻓﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤـﻮﻉ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪١١‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪٤‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٣٥٠‬ﻭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟـﻪ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧـﻲ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻭ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘـﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻬﺪﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩﮔـﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-١‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ ﭘـﻴﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﻘـﻼﺏ ﺍﺳـﻼﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ،١٣٥٧‬ﺁﺭﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﻝﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺩﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻔـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧـﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻧﺸـﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﮔﺴـﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋـﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺷﺘﻴﺎﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻴـﻦ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﻣـﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺴـﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳـﻞ ﺷـﻜﺎﻑ ﺑﻴـﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﺭﻭﺳـﺘﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻡﭘﺴﻨﺪﺍﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻣﻴـﺖﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻧﻖ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳـﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ )‪ (١٣٥٦‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪٤‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘـﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧـﻲ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻭﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ« ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻤـﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔـﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣـﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﺴـﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ )ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ(‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ )ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻭ …( ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺖ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻨﺪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢﮔـﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣـﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺰﻳﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﻛـﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﻋـﺰﻡ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﮔﺮﺍ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭﺟﻮﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺨﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﹰﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑـﻲﺗﻮﺟﻬـﻲ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻛـﻢﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ـ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ) ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻧـﺘﺰﺍﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗـﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ( ﺗـﺒﻠﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻢﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٣٧٠‬ﺷﺪﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗـﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ‬

‫‪٦‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٧٠‬ﺑﻪ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﻫﻬﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤـﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،١٣٧٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ)‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﻗـﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺷﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋـﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﺀ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻮﺍﻳﺢ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ O‬ﺑﻮﺩﺟـﺔ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻻﻳﺤﺔ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ O‬ﺍﻋﺘـﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ـ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ O‬ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﻃـﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ O‬ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣـﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ O‬ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ O‬ﺍﻋﺘـﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟـﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ O‬ﺳـﻬﻢ ﻫـﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻓﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺘﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻳـﻴﺪ ﺷـﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ )ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪ O‬ﺩﻭﻟـﺖ ﻣﻮﻇـﻒ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳـﺞ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ O‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﺔ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧـﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴـﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺼﺮﻩ)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻣﺮﺯﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻇـﺎﻳﻒ ﺩﻭﻟـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺛﻐﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠـﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﺗﺼـﺮﻳﺢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻮـﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳـﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴـﻨﻪﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴـﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻻﻳﺤﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻟـﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻣـﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺳـﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﺔ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﻧﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺯﺓ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺗﻜﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻡ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻲﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳـﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ )‪ (١٣٧٩-٨٣‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧـﻮﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻛﺸـﻮﺭ ﺑـﻪﺷـﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻲﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻓـﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺻﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٢‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺗﻬـﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻧﺨﺴـﺘﻴﻦ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٣٢٠‬ﺷﻤﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻗﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺒﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻪﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺨﺸﻲﻧﮕﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻱ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴـﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ )ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ـ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﹰﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺗﻜﺎﺀ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪ ﻣـﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪﺓ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻣـﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣـﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺑـﻴﺎﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴـﻴﺮ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻫﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻥ ﺩﺳـﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛـﺎﺭ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻋـﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ« ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣـﻨﻄﻖ ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳـﻨﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﺑـﻨﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺸﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮ‬ ‫ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﺳﺎﺯ )ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ(‬ ‫ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ ﺣﻮﺯﺓ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺷـﻮﺭﺍﻱ ﺑـﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳـﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ)ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ٧٠‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ( ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﻱﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﺳﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ)ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ ٧٢‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ(ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻣﺎﻟﻲﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ )ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ٧٩‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﺓ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ )ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ٧٨‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷـﻜﻞﮔـﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣـﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳـﻨﺪ ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢﮔـﻴﺮﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻـﻮﻝ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞﮔـﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﺳـﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺷـﻴﻮﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢﮔـﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﺎﻳﻴـﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖﭘﺬﻳـﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳـﺨﮕﻮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺼـﺮﻑ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻲﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﻏﺪﻏﺔ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺲ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ )ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫)ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ( ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ٧٦‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻫـﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺫﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺐ ﻫﻴﺌـﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻭ … ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗـﺎ ‪٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ … ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻳـﻚﺳـﻮ )ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ( ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ـ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ )ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ( ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ـ‬ ‫ﻣﺼـﺎﺭﻑ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ )ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ـ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ( ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬

‫‪-٣‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻓﻘـﺪﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎﻭﺭ ﻭ ﭘﺬﻳـﺮﺵ ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳـﻨﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺼـﺪﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ‬ ‫ـ ﻫﺰﻳـﻨﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳـﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺴـﻮ ﻓﻘـﺪﺍﻥ ﻋـﺰﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻏﺒـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻤﭙﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧـﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧـﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕـﻲ ﻭ ﻧـﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﺑـﻪﻫـﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳـﺘﻪ )‪ (Package‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻪﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼـﺎﻟﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔـﺎﻩ ﺗﺄﻣﻴـﻦ ﻣـﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ »ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ« ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻧـﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﻼﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺗﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻗﻼﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﻼﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗـﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻐﺎﻳـﺮ ﺍﺻـﻞ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻏﺮﺽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬

‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺍﺑﺴـﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴـﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺼـﻴﺺ ﻣـﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﺔ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻫـﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻠـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺖ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺴﺮﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺥﺩﺍﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻳـﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺛـﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٨٠‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪١٣٨٠‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ١٥٧٤٦‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ ١٢١٩٢‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ‪ ٣٥٧٥ ،‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣـﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ ٨٠‬ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ ‪ ٣٥٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪٩٠ ،١٣٨٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻗﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻗﻼﻡ ﻣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺴﺮﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﻭ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻱ ﻧـﺒﻮﺩ ﻳـﻚ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﻫﻤﻪﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼـﻴﺺ ﻣـﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴـﺌﻠﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ٧٨‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻓﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻔﻜـﻴﻚ ﻭﻇـﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳـﺖ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﺓ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﺪﻭﺵ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻢﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫‪١٢‬‬

‫ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳـﻨﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﻳـﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳـﻨﺪ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢﮔـﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﻼﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﻨﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺣﻖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺫﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦﺭﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪،‬ﺍﺯﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﺗﻮﺟﻪﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﻻﺯﻡ )ﺩﺭ ﭼـﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ( ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﭙﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﺤﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٨٢‬ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ‪ ١٧٨٤٥‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ )‬ ‫‪ ٢٢٣٤٠٨‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻝ( ‪٨‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜـﻴﻚ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪٧١‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻻ‪٣٠ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺟـﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪١٨/٥ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ‪٤/٨‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺮﺓ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪(١‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜـﻴﻚ ﺟﺰﻳـﻲﺗـﺮ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﺴﺘﻜﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ـ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ‪٥٢/٦‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ـ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ‪٢٥/٧‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ـ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ‪٢٣/٨‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ـ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ‪١١/٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﻻ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪٨١/٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ـ ﻫﻤـﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﺤﺔ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٨٢‬ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ ‪ ٣٣٩٣٥‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﭙﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻬـﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬

‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻟـﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﺟﺔ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻛﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﺤﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٨٢‬ﻛﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ ‪١٦٥٠٠٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠـﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳـﺎﻝ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﺍﻋﺘـﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺰﻳـﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٤٠٣٧٦‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳـﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣٤٠٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ ٤٠٣٧٦‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﻳﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺒﹰﺎ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻗـﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻳﻖ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ـ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧـﻪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗـﺮﺩﻳﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺴـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﻴـﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﺠﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣـﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳـﻨﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻏﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻏﻴﺮﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﹰﺎ ﺗﺼﺪﻱﮔﺮﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺫﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻨﺠﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺑـﺎ ﻭﺍﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸـﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﺔ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺻﺔ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻬـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﭘﺒﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ )ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ( ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ـ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤‬‬

١٥