Cover Daftar

PERBEDAAN NILAI ARUS PUNCAK EKSPIRASI ANTARA JALAN CEPAT DAN HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) PADA DEWASA MUDA

PROPOSAL PENELITIAN KARYA TULIS ILMIAH

Diajukan sebagai syarat untuk mengikuti ujian proposal Karya Tulis Ilmiah mahasiswa Program Strata-1 Kedokteran Umum

VANIA NAZHARA FITRIANA 22010116120020

PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN SARJANA KEDOKTERAN FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO TAHUN 2019

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PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini Nama mahasiswa : Vania Nazhara Fitriana NIM

: 22010116120020

Program Studi

: Program Pendidikan Sarjana Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro

Judul KTI

: PERBEDAAN NILAI ARUS PUNCAK EKSPIRASI ANTARA JALAN CEPAT DAN HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) PADA DEWASA MUDA

Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa: (a) Karya tulis ilmiah saya ini adalah asli dan belum pernah dipublikasikan atau diajukan untuk mendapatkan gelar akademik di Universitas Diponegoro maupun di perguruan tinggi lain. (b) Karya tulis ini adalah murni gagasan, rumusan, dan penelitian saya sendiri, tanpa bantuan orang lain, kecuali pembimbing dan pihak lain sepengetahuan pembimbing. (c) Dalam karya tulis ini tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang telah ditulis atau dipublikasikan orang lain, kecuali secara tertulis dengan jelas dicantumkan sebagai acuan dalam naskah dengan disebutkan nama pengarang dan judul buku aslinya serta dicantumkan dalam daftar pustaka.

Semarang, Maret 2019 Yang membuat pernyataan,

Vania Nazhara Fitriana iii

DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................ i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN ....................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ iix DAFTAR SINGKATAN ....................................................................................... ix BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1

Latar belakang .......................................................................................... 1

1.2

Permasalahan penelitian ........................................................................... 3

1.3

Tujuan penelitian ...................................................................................... 3

1.3.1

Tujuan umum .................................................................................... 3

1.3.2

Tujuan khusus ................................................................................... 3

1.4

Manfaat penelitian .................................................................................... 4

1.4.1

Manfaat untuk ilmu pengetahuan ........................................................... 4

1.4.2

Manfaat untuk masyarakat ...................................................................... 5

1.4.3

Manfaat untuk penelitian ......................................................................... 5

1.5

Keaslian penelitian ................................................................................... 5

BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA............................................................................ 8 2.1 Anatomi dan Fisiologi Saluran Pernapasan ................................................... 8 2.1.1

Saluran pernapasan............................................................................ 8

2.1.2

Paru ................................................................................................. 10

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2.1.3

Fisiologi sistem pernpasan .................................................................... 12

2.2 Mekanisme ventilasi ................................................................................... 12 2.2.1

Mekanisme inspirasi........................................................................ 12

2.2.2

Mekanisme ekspirasi ....................................................................... 14

2.2.3

Ekspirasi paksa ................................................................................ 15

2.3 Volume dan kapasitas paru ......................................................................... 15 2.3.1

Volume paru .................................................................................... 15

2.4 Arus puncak ekspirasi ................................................................................ 17 2.4.1

Definisi APE ................................................................................... 17

2.4.2

Faktor yang mempengaruhi APE ................................................... 19

2.5 Mini wirght peak flow meter........................................................................ 20 2.6 Olahraga jalan cepat ................................................................................... 22 2.7 High Intensity Interval Training ................................................................ 25 2.7.1

Definisi dan manfaat HIIT ............................................................. 25

2.7.2

Jenis gerakan HIIT ......................................................................... 26

2.8 Pengaruh jalan cepat dan HIIT terhadap fungsi pernapasan ..................... 27 2.9 Kerangka Teori .......................................................................................... 29 2.10 Kerangka konsep ..................................................................................... 29 2.11 Hipotesis .................................................................................................. 30 2.11.1

Hipotesis mayor .............................................................................. 30

2.11.2

Hipotesis minor .............................................................................. 30

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BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN....................................................................... 31 3.1

Ruang lingkup lenelitian ........................................................................ 31

3.2

Tempat dan waktu penelitian ................................................................. 31

3.3

Jenis dan rancangan penelitian ............................................................... 31

3.4

Populasi dan sampel ............................................................................... 32

3.4.1

Populasi target......................................................................................... 32

3.4.2

Populasi terjangkau ................................................................................ 32

3.4.3

Sampel ..................................................................................................... 32

3.4.3.1 Kriteria inklusi ............................................................................. 32 3.4.3.2 Kriteria eksklusi .......................................................................... 33 3.4.3.3 Kriteria dropout ........................................................................... 33 3.4.4

Cara sampling ......................................................................................... 33

3.4.5

Besar sampel ........................................................................................... 33

3.5

Variabel penelitian ................................................................................. 34

3.5.1

Variabel bebas......................................................................................... 34

3.5.2

Variabel terikat ....................................................................................... 34

3.6

Definisi operasional variabel .................................................................. 35

3.7

Cara pengumpulan data .......................................................................... 37

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3.7.1

Alat ........................................................................................................... 37

3.7.2

Jenis data ................................................................................................. 38

3.7.3

Cara kerja................................................................................................. 38

3.8

Alur penelitian ........................................................................................ 42

3.9

Analisis data ........................................................................................... 43

3.10 Etika penelitian .......................................................................................... 44 3.11 Jadwal penelitian ....................................................................................... 45 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.46

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Keaslian penelitian .......................................................................................... 5 Tabel 2. Definisi operasional variabel ........................................................................ 35 Tabel 3. Jadwal penelitian ........................................................................................... 45

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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Anatomi dan fisiologi saluran pernapasan .................................................. 9 Gambar 2. Anatomi paru ............................................................................................. 11 Gambar 3. Mekanisme kerja otot inspirasi ................................................................. 14 Gambar 4. Volume dan kapasitas paru ....................................................................... 17 Gambar 5. Mini right peak flow meter ........................................................................ 21 Gambar 6. Posisi tubuh saat jalan kaki ....................................................................... 25 Gambar 7. Alur skema penelitian................................................................................ 42

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DAFTAR SINGKATAN

APE

: Arus Puncak Ekspirasi

ATP

: Adenosine Triphospate

BMI

: Body Mass Index

CO2

: Carbondioxide

HIIT

: High Intensity Interval Training

KI

: Kapasitas Inspirasi

KRV

: Kapasitas Residual Fungsional

KV

: Kapasitas Vital

O2

: Oxygen

PEFR

: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

PPOK

: Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik

VCE

: Volume Cadangan Ekspirasi

VCI

: Volume Cadangan Inspirasi

VPE1

: Volume Ekspirasi Paksa detik pertama

VR

: Volume Residual

VT

: Volume Tidal

WHR

: Waist to Hip Ratio

x