Consumer Attitudes Towards Online Shopping.docx

Consumer attitudes towards online shopping: The effects of trust, perceived benefits, and perceived web quality Author(s): Mutaz M. Al-Debei (Department of Management Information Systems, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan) ...Show all authors Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine consumer attitudes toward online shopping in Jordan. The paper introduces an integrated model which includes trust, perceived benefits, perceived web quality, and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) along with their relationships in order to examine their effects on consumer attitudes toward online shopping. Design/methodology/approach – A structured and self-administered online survey was employed targeting online shoppers of a reputable online retailer in Jordan; i.e. MarkaVIP. A sample of 273 online shoppers was involved in the online survey. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess the research constructs, unidimensionality, validity, and composite reliability. Structural path model analysis was also used to test the hypothesized relationships of the research model. Findings – The empirical findings of this study indicate that consumer attitudes toward online shopping is determined by trust and perceived benefits. Trust is a product of perceived web quality and eWOM and that the latter is a function of perceived web quality. Hence, trust and perceived benefits are key predictors of consumer attitudes toward online shopping, according to the results. Further, the authors also found that higher levels of perceived web quality lead to higher levels of trust in an online shopping web site. Perceived web quality was found to be a direct predictor of trust, and the former positively and significantly influences perceived benefits. Also, the authors found that 28 percent of the variation in online shopping attitudes was caused by perceived benefits and trust. Research limitations/implications – The research sample included only early adopters who are usually described as personal innovators and risk takers. Future research is encouraged to focus on other groups such as non-adopters to understand

their online shopping attitudes. Another limitation is derived from the geographical context of the current study; that is Jordan. The findings are not necessarily applicable to other Arab countries and the rest of the world. Therefore, replications of the current study in different countries would most likely strengthen and validate its findings. Also, the study is cross-sectional which does not show how attitudes of consumers may change over time. The authors encourage future studies to employ a longitudinal design to understand the changes in consumers’ attitudes toward using online shopping over time. Finally, this study examined only one case in point and thus findings cannot be generalized to other online shopping web sites. Future research is highly encouraged to examine consumers’ attitudes toward other online shopping web sites inside and outside Jordan. Practical implications – The paper supports the importance of trust and perceived benefits as key drivers of attitudes toward online shopping in emerging markets like Jordan. It further underlines the importance of perceived web quality contribution to perceived benefits and trust as well as the key role of the later in forming online shoppers’ attitudes. Online retailers’ executives and managers can benefit from such findings for future e-marketing strategies and acquire new customers to achieve long-term performance objectives. Originality/value – This paper is one of the very few attempts that examined attitudes toward online shopping in the Arab world. Importantly, it revealed the drivers of online shoppers’ attitudes in Jordan. National and international online retailers planning to expand their operations to Jordan or to the Middle East Region have now valuable empirical evidence concerning the determinants of online shopping attitudes and online shoppers’ behavior in Jordan upon which e-marketing strategies can be formulated and implemented. Keywords: Jordan, Perceived benefits, Web site quality, Trust, Online shopping, Online attitudes Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited

An integrated model of factors affecting consumer attitudes towards online shopping

Author(s): Mamoun N. Akroush (Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Graduate School of Business, The German Jordanian University, Amman , Jordan) ...Show all authors Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine an integrated model of factors affecting attitudes toward online shopping in Jordan. The paper introduces an integrated model of the roles of perceived website reputation, relative advantage, perceived website image, and trust that affect attitudes toward online shopping. Design/methodology/approach – A structured and self-administered online survey was employed targeting online shoppers of a reputable online retailer in Jordan; MarkaVIP. A sample of 273 of online shoppers was involved in the online survey. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess the research constructs, unidimensionality, validity, and composite reliability (CR). Structural path model analysis was also used to test the proposed research model and hypotheses. Findings – The empirical findings of this study indicate that perceived website reputation, relative advantage, perceived website image, and trust have directly and indirectly affected consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping. Online consumers’ shopping attitudes are mainly affected by perceived relative advantage and trust. Trust is a product of relative advantage and that the later is a function of perceived website reputation. Relative advantage and perceived website reputation are key predictors of perceived website image. Perceived website image was found to be a direct predictor of trust. Also, the authors found that 26 percent of variation in online shopping attitudes was directly caused by relative advantage, trust, and perceived website image. Research limitations/implications – The research examined online consumers’ attitudes toward one website only therefore the generalizability of the research finding is limited to the local Jordanian website; MarkaVIP. Future research is encouraged to conduct comparative studies between local websites and international ones, e.g., Amazon and e-bay in order to shed lights on consumers’ attitudes toward both websites. The findings are limited to online shoppers in Jordan. A fruitful area of research is to conduct a comparative analysis between online and offline attitudes toward online shopping behavior. Also, replications of the current study’s model in different countries would most likely strengthen and validate its findings. The design of the study is quantitative using an online

survey to measure online consumers’ attitudes through a cross-sectional design. Future research is encouraged to use qualitative research design and methodology to provide a deeper understanding of consumers’ attitudes and behaviors toward online and offline shopping in Jordan and elsewhere. Practical implications – The paper supports the importance of perceived website reputation, relative advantage, trust, and perceived web image as keys drivers of attitudes toward online shopping. It further underlines the importance of relative advantage and trust as major contributors to building positive attitudes toward online shopping. In developing countries (e.g. Jordan) where individuals are generally described as risk averse, the level of trust is critical in determining the attitude of individuals toward online shopping. Moreover and given the modest economic situation in Jordan, relative advantage is another significant factor affecting consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping. Indeed, if online shopping would not add a significant value and benefits to consumers, they would have negative attitude toward this technology. This is at the heart of marketing theory and relationship marketing practice. Further, relative advantage is a key predictor of both perceived website image and trust and the later is a major driver of attitudes toward online shopping. Online retailers’ executives and managers can benefit from such findings for future emarketing strategies and retaining customers to achieve long-term performance objectives. Originality/value – This paper is one of the early empirical endeavors that examined factors affecting attitudes toward online shopping in Jordan. This study provides evidence on the factors that determine online shoppers’ attitudes as an antecedent to consumers purchase decisions. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by revealing the sort of cause and effect relationships among relative advantage, perceived website reputation, perceived website image, in addition to trust, and their effect on consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping. Moreover, this paper is one of handful research that has distinguished between perceived website image and perceived website reputation along with their relationships and more specifically in the context of online shopping. From an international e marketing perspective, online retailers planning to expand their operations to include Jordan or the MENA Region have now valuable empirical evidence concerning the predictors of online shopping attitudes and online shoppers’ behavior upon which e-marketing strategies are formulated and implemented. Keywords: Online shopping, Jordan, Trust, Online attitudes, Perceived website image, Perceived website reputation, Relative advantage Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Factors affecting the online travel buying decision: a review Author(s): Ivan Wen (School of Travel Industry Management, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA) Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on theories affecting consumers' online purchase intention of travel products. It seeks to explore the literature on the theoretical foundation of factors influencing customers' online purchase intentions in general and in the travel industry specifically. It also suggests areas for further research on online travel buying decisions. Design/methodology/approach – The conceptual framework of factors affecting customer online buying decisions – including customers' attitudes, quality of web site design, customer satisfaction, and customer trust – is developed by examining the theoretical foundation for each online purchase intention of travel product. The theoretical foundations and literature review include discussions of the theory of planned behavior, consumer trust literature, quality of travel web site design, and consumer satisfaction literature. Findings – The paper identifies antecedents of consumers' online purchase intention, including three domains of measuring e‐commerce web site design – consumer trust, consumers' attitude perception, and consumer satisfaction – and applies them to the travel and tourism field. Originality/value – The paper proposes a conceptual framework of factors affecting online consumer travel purchasing. Using actual data, researchers can empirically test relationships among the factors in this framework and identify possible future research areas for each factor. Keywords: Electronic commerce, Worldwide web, Internet, Tourism, Hospitality management Type:

Research paper Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2009 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Ivan Wen, (2009) "Factors affecting the online travel buying decision: a review", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 21 Issue: 6, pp.752-765, https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110910975990 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 16499 times since 2013

The effect of customized information on online purchase intentions Author(s): Ha Hong-Youl (Department of International Trade, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea) ...Show all authors Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to employ a cross-cultural perspective to propose and empirically evaluate four models focusing on the role of satisfaction and trust in the formation of online travel purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach – A proposed model is compared with three alternative models of the relationships among, and impact of, independent variables on purchase intentions. Data from South Korea and UK are used to examine the proposed relationship and select the best model among four alternative models. Findings – Results suggest that there are significant differences as well as similarities across consumers in South Korea and the UK. Customized information has a

direct affect on both satisfaction and trust. The effect of satisfaction on purchase intentions is mediated by attitude toward web site only in the UK sample, while it has direct and indirect effects on purchase intentions in the South Korean sample. However, the relationship between trust and purchase intentions is not supported in both data sets. Originality/value – This study proposes four alternative models that include customized information as a key variable influencing purchase intentions. Hierarchical structural model analysis is utilized to evaluate these models and select the best fitting model. Keywords: Cross-cultural study, Customized information, Online purchase intentions Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2014 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Ha Hong-Youl, Janda Swinder, (2014) "The effect of customized information on online purchase intentions", Internet Research, Vol. 24 Issue: 4, pp.496519, https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-06-2013-0107 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 3790 times since 2014

Age, gender and income: do they really moderate online shopping behaviour? Author(s): Blanca Hernández (Department of Marketing and Business Studies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain) ...Show all authors

Acknowledgements: The authors wish to express their gratitude for the financial support received from the Spanish Government CICYT (ECO 2008‐04704), the Aragón Regional Government (Generés S‐09; DGA 138/08) and Catedra Telefonica of the University of Zaragoza (267‐184). Abstract: Purpose – The objective of this paper is to analyse whether individuals' socioeconomic characteristics – age, gender and income – influence their online shopping behaviour. The individuals analysed are experienced e‐shoppers i.e. individuals who often make purchases on the internet. Design/methodology/approach – The technology acceptance model was broadened to include previous use of the internet and perceived self‐efficacy. The perceptions and behaviour of e‐shoppers are based on their own experiences. The information obtained has been tested using causal and multi‐sample analyses. Findings – The results show that socioeconomic variables moderate neither the influence of previous use of the internet nor the perceptions of e‐commerce; in short, they do not condition the behaviour of the experienced e‐shopper. Practical implications – The results obtained help to determine that once individuals attain the status of experienced e‐shoppers their behaviour is similar, independently of their socioeconomic characteristics. The internet has become a marketplace suitable for all ages and incomes and both genders, and thus the prejudices linked to the advisability of selling certain products should be revised. Originality/value – Previous research related to the socioeconomic variables affecting e‐commerce has been aimed at forecasting who is likely to make an initial online purchase. In contrast to the majority of existing studies, it is considered that the current development of the online environment should lead to analysis of a new kind of e‐shopper (experienced purchaser), whose behaviour differs from that studied at the outset of this research field. The experience acquired with online shopping nullifies the importance of socioeconomic characteristics. Keywords: Electronic commerce, Internet shopping, Age groups, Gender, Income, Spain Type: Research paper

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2011 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Blanca Hernández, Julio Jiménez, M. José Martín, (2011) "Age, gender and income: do they really moderate online shopping behaviour?", Online Information Review, Vol. 35 Issue: 1, pp.113133, https://doi.org/10.1108/14684521111113614 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 20010 times since 2013

FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS E-COMMERCE PURCHASES THROUGH ONLINE SHOPPING Zuroni Md Jusoh

Abstract Online shopping is the process of buying goods and services from merchants who sell on the internet. Shoppers can visit web stores from the comfort of their homes and shop as they sit in front of the computer. The main purpose of this study is to determine the factors influencing consumers’ attitude towards e-commerce purchases through online shopping. The study also investigate how sociodemographic (age, income and occupation), pattern of online buying (types of goods, e-commerce experience and hours use on internet) and purchase perception (product perception, customers’ service and consumers’ risk) affect consumers’ attitude towards online shopping. Convenience sampling method was conducted in this study and the sample comparison of 100 respondents in Taman Tawas Permai, Ipoh. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaire which contains 15 questions in Part A (respondents’ background and their pattern of using internet and online buying), INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of online shopping Online shopping is defined as the process a customer takes to purchase a service or product over the internet. In other words, a consumer may at his or her leisure buy from the comfort of their own home products from an online store. This concept was first demonstrated before the World Wide Web (WWW) was in use with real time transaction processed from a domestic television. The technology used was called Videotext and was first demonstrated in 1979 by M. Aldrick who designed and installed systems in the United Kingdom. The Special Issue on

Contemporary Issues in Social Science © Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA 224 By 1990 T. Berners-Lee created the first WWW server and browser and by 1995 Amazon expanded its online shopping experiences (Parker-Hall, 2009). 1.2 The benefits of online shopping From the buyer‟s perspective also e-commerce offers a lot of tangible advantages. For example, reduction in buyer‟s sorting out time, better buyer decisions, less time is spent in resolving invoice and order discrepancies and finally increased opportunities for buying alternative products. Moreover, consumers can enjoy online shopping for 24 hour per day. This is because e-commerce is open for 365 days and never close even for a minute. Ecommerce also expanded geographic reach because consumers can purchase any goods and services anytime at everywhere. Hence, online shopping is more environmental friendly compare to purchase in store because consumers can just fulfill his desires just with a click of mouse without going out from house by taking any transportation. OBJECTIVE General Objective Generally, this paper is to identify the attitude of online shoppers towards online shopping. Specific Objective 1. To investigate how socio-demographic (age, income and occupation) affect consumers‟ attitude towards online shopping. 2. To probe how the pattern of online buying (types of goods, e-commerce experience and hours use on internet) influence consumers‟ attitude towards online shopping. 3. To examine how purchase perception (product perception, customer service and consumer risk) influence consumers‟ attitude towards online shopping. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of online shopping Online shopping is defined as the process a customer takes to purchase a service or product over the internet. In other words, a consumer may at his or her leisure buy from the comfort of their own home products from an online store. This concept was first demonstrated before the World Wide Web (WWW) was in use with real time transaction processed from a domestic television. The technology used was called Videotext and was first demonstrated in 1979 by M. Aldrick who designed and installed systems in the United Kingdom. OBJECTIVE General Objective Generally, this paper is to identify the attitude of online shoppers towards online shopping. Specific Objective 1. To investigate how socio-demographic (age, income and occupation) affect consumers‟ attitude towards online shopping. 2. To probe how the pattern of online buying (types of goods, e-commerce experience and hours use on internet) influence consumers‟ attitude towards online shopping. 3. To examine how purchase perception (product perception, customer service and consumer risk) influence consumers‟ attitude towards online shopping LITERATURE REVIEW 1 Attitude Several researchers have carried out studies in their effort to examine the factors influencing consumers‟ attitude and perception to make e-commerce purchases through online shopping. Attitudes toward online shopping are defined as a consumer‟s positive or negative feelings related to accomplishing the purchasing behavior on the internet (Chiu et al., 2005; Schlosser, 2003). Buying trends and internet adoption indications have been seen as the overall electronic commerce value in Malaysia rising from US$18 million in 1998 to US$87.3 million in 1999 (Mohd Suki et al., 2006). In order to

investigate consumers‟ attitudes, we need to know what characteristics of consumers typically online shopping is and what their attitude in online shopping is. In simple terms, this means that there is no point having an excellent product online if the types of consumers who would buy it are unlikely to be online. 2 Demographic Factors On top of that, Bellman (1999) investigated various predictors for whether an individual will purchase online. These authors concluded that demographic variables such as income, education and age have a modest impact on the decision of whether to buy online whereas the most important determinant of online shopping was previous behavior such as earlier online purchases. 3 Pattern of Online Buying 4 Purchase Perception METHODOLOGY 1. Study location: Respondents were selected from Taman Tawas Permai, Ipoh, Perak. This location is selected by the researcher because it is convenience for the researcher and the accessibility and coverage is broad enough. Researcher was survey the factors influencing consumers‟ attitude and perception to make e-commerce purchase through online shopping from range of age in this area. This is to avoid bias for surveying all the respondents from only a certain range of age only. 2. Sampling Method: This study was conducted by convenience sampling method because of the unavailability of the list online shopper that involved in online purchases. There were 100 respondents in this research study. Anonymity and confidentiality were assured and participants were told that they could withdraw from the study at any point without prejudice. RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION Research findings found that more than half of the respondents have medium level of attitude and purchase perception towards online shopping. There were 9 hypotheses in this study; five of them are rejected via the inferential statistical analysis. Meanwhile, the other hypotheses are fail to be rejected. RECOMMENDATION This study has taken important steps to investigate the attitude towards online shopping and the factors that influencing consumers‟ attitude to make e-commerce purchases. Despite this study has strengths, it has certain limitations. Firstly, the research has only examines three factors that influencing consumers‟ attitude towards online shopping. Future researches are suggested to determine other factors that influencing consumers‟ attitude towards online shopping beside consumers‟ sociodemographic, pattern of buying online and purchase perception. Therefore, it helps them to understand other factors that may influence the consumers‟ attitude towards online shopping conclusion

examine how purchase perception (product perception, customer service and consumer risk) influence consumers‟ attitude towards online shopping. The result findings show that there was significant relationship between e-commerce experience and attitude towards online shopping among the respondents (r = 0.471**, p < 0.01).

Consumer lifestyles and online shopping continuance intention Author(s): Norzieiriani Ahmad (Lecturer specializing in marketing at the College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia) ...Show all authors Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues involved in understanding the buying behavior of Malaysian consumers, particularly in the online shopping context in relation to their lifestyles. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a general review of the literature regarding the influence of lifestyles on consumer intentions to repurchase online. Findings – The paper provides marketers with insights into how knowledge about lifestyle factors can be integrated into marketing and advertising strategies. Practical implications – The results of this study will provide some ideas and practical suggestions which can be implemented particularly in online shopping in order to improve its continuance (i.e. customer retention strategies) as effective means of maintaining the subscriber base, market share and overall revenue of online businesses. Originality/value – This paper delineates the importance of understanding consumer lifestyles and its effect on continuance intention that allows online marketers to predict prospective online shoppers' intention to repurchase more easily. Keywords: Lifestyles, Internet shopping, Customer loyalty

Type: General review Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2010 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Norzieiriani Ahmad, Azizah Omar, T. Ramayah, (2010) "Consumer lifestyles and online shopping continuance intention", Business Strategy Series, Vol. 11 Issue: 4, pp.227-243, https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631011063767 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 13193 times since 2013

What do we know about consumer mshopping behaviour? Author(s): Hannah R. Marriott, (School of Management, Swansea University, Swansea, UK) ...Show all authors Single Sentence Summary: This paper provides a review of the mobile shopping (m-shopping) acceptance behaviour to bring international marketing and consumer research attention to m-shopping acceptance factors, and suggests that mobile device users are more likely to develop positive attitudes towards the m-shopping. Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the mobile shopping (m shopping) acceptance literature to bring international marketing and consumer research attention to m-shopping acceptance factors and

limitations in current understandings to propose recommendations for further academic and retailing attention. Design/methodology/approach Keyword searches identified the consumer-focused literature across mobile commerce, m-shopping, mobile browsing and mobile purchasing, published in English language journals. A classification framework is created and a time frame is established to provide a more focused direction for research. Findings Despite the growing popularity of consumers adopting m-shopping activities and the increasing academic attention, consumer m-shopping utilisation remains low and research into its causes remains in its infancy. This paper has subsequently identified a variety of recommendations for further research, including further insights into perceived risk, user vs non-user behaviours, the multi-stage shopping process, incorporation of time considerations and theoretical development. Originality/value There has yet been a review of the m-shopping literature collaborating literary findings and limitations in the consumer m-shopping environment. Three major themes arise in this paper. First, there are a variety of factors affecting consumer willingness to accept m-shopping which are often incorporated in existing theory in a sporadic manner. Second, factors can create positive and/or negative consumer perceptions, requiring further insight. Finally, research limitations predominantly surround theoretical and methodological constraints, prompting for wider geographical and more longitudinal approaches to research. Keywords: Acceptance, Consumer behaviour, Mobile shopping (M-shopping), Mobile devices Type: Literature review Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Received: 26 September 2016 Revised: 21 October 2016, 22 December 2016, 03 January 2017 Accepted: 15 February 2017

Copyright: © Emerald Publishing Limited 2017 Published by Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Citation: Hannah R. Marriott, Michael D. Williams, Yogesh K. Dwivedi, (2017) "What do we know about consumer m-shopping behaviour?", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 45 Issue: 6, pp.568586, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-09-2016-0164 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 2097 times since 2017

Moderating effects of online shopping experience on customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions Author(s): Ilias O. Pappas (Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Corfu, Greece) ...Show all authors Abstract: Purpose – Satisfaction and experience are essential ingredients for successful customer retention. This study aims to verify the moderating effect of experience on two types of relationships: the relationship of certain antecedents with satisfaction, and the relationship of satisfaction with intention to repurchase. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies structural equation modelling (SEM) and multi-group analysis to examine the moderating role of experience in a conceptual model estimating the intention to repurchase. Responses from 393 people were used to examine the differences between high- and low-experienced users of online shopping. Findings – The research shows that experience has moderating effects on the relationships between performance expectancy and satisfaction and satisfaction and intention to repurchase. This study empirically demonstrates

that prior customer experience strengthens the relationship between performance expectancy and satisfaction, while it weakens the relationship of satisfaction with intention to repurchase. Practical implications – Practitioners should differentiate the way they treat their customers based on their level of experience. Specifically, the empirical research demonstrates that the expected performance of the online shopping experience (performance expectancy) affects satisfaction only on high-experienced customers. Instead, the effort needed to use online shopping (effort expectancy) and the user's belief in own abilities to use online shopping (self efficacy) influence satisfaction only on low-experienced customers. The effect of trust and satisfaction is significant on online shopping behaviour on both high- and low-experienced customers. Originality/value – This paper investigates how different levels of experience affect customers' satisfaction and online shopping behaviour. It is proved that experience moderates the effect of performance expectancy on satisfaction and the effect of satisfaction on intention to repurchase. It also demonstrates that certain effects (effort expectancy and performance expectancy) are valid for only one of the two examined groups, while only one effect (trust) is valid for both (high- and low-experienced). Keywords: Online shopping, experience, Satisfaction, Multi-group analysis, Intention to repurchase Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2014 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Ilias O. Pappas, Adamantia G. Pateli, Michail N. Giannakos, Vassilios Chrissikopoulos, (2014) "Moderating effects of online shopping experience on customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 42 Issue: 3, pp.187204, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-03-2012-0034 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 12067 times since 2014

An integrated model of factors affecting consumer attitudes towards online shopping Author(s): Mamoun N. Akroush (Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Graduate School of Business, The German Jordanian University, Amman , Jordan) ...Show all authors Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine an integrated model of factors affecting attitudes toward online shopping in Jordan. The paper introduces an integrated model of the roles of perceived website reputation, relative advantage, perceived website image, and trust that affect attitudes toward online shopping. Design/methodology/approach – A structured and self-administered online survey was employed targeting online shoppers of a reputable online retailer in Jordan; MarkaVIP. A sample of 273 of online shoppers was involved in the online survey. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess the research constructs, unidimensionality, validity, and composite reliability (CR). Structural path model analysis was also used to test the proposed research model and hypotheses. Findings – The empirical findings of this study indicate that perceived website reputation, relative advantage, perceived website image, and trust have directly and indirectly affected consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping. Online consumers’ shopping attitudes are mainly affected by perceived relative advantage and trust. Trust is a product of relative advantage and that the later is a function of perceived website reputation. Relative advantage and perceived website reputation are key predictors of perceived website image. Perceived website image was found to be a direct predictor of trust. Also, the authors found that 26 percent of variation in online shopping attitudes was directly caused by relative advantage, trust, and perceived website image. Research limitations/implications

– The research examined online consumers’ attitudes toward one website only therefore the generalizability of the research finding is limited to the local Jordanian website; MarkaVIP. Future research is encouraged to conduct comparative studies between local websites and international ones, e.g., Amazon and e-bay in order to shed lights on consumers’ attitudes toward both websites. The findings are limited to online shoppers in Jordan. A fruitful area of research is to conduct a comparative analysis between online and offline attitudes toward online shopping behavior. Also, replications of the current study’s model in different countries would most likely strengthen and validate its findings. The design of the study is quantitative using an online survey to measure online consumers’ attitudes through a cross-sectional design. Future research is encouraged to use qualitative research design and methodology to provide a deeper understanding of consumers’ attitudes and behaviors toward online and offline shopping in Jordan and elsewhere. Practical implications – The paper supports the importance of perceived website reputation, relative advantage, trust, and perceived web image as keys drivers of attitudes toward online shopping. It further underlines the importance of relative advantage and trust as major contributors to building positive attitudes toward online shopping. In developing countries (e.g. Jordan) where individuals are generally described as risk averse, the level of trust is critical in determining the attitude of individuals toward online shopping. Moreover and given the modest economic situation in Jordan, relative advantage is another significant factor affecting consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping. Indeed, if online shopping would not add a significant value and benefits to consumers, they would have negative attitude toward this technology. This is at the heart of marketing theory and relationship marketing practice. Further, relative advantage is a key predictor of both perceived website image and trust and the later is a major driver of attitudes toward online shopping. Online retai lers’ executives and managers can benefit from such findings for future emarketing strategies and retaining customers to achieve long-term performance objectives. Originality/value – This paper is one of the early empirical endeavors that examined factors affecting attitudes toward online shopping in Jordan. This study provides evidence on the factors that determine online shoppers’ attitudes as an antecedent to consumers purchase decisions. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by revealing the sort of cause and effect relationships among relative advantage, perceived website reputation, perceived website image, in addition to trust, and their effect on consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping. Moreover, this paper is one of handful research that has distinguished between perceived website image and perceived website reputation along with their relationships and more specifically in the context of online shopping. From an international e -

marketing perspective, online retailers planning to expand their operations to include Jordan or the MENA Region have now valuable empirical evidence concerning the predictors of online shopping attitudes and online shoppers’ behavior upon which e-marketing strategies are formulated and implemented. Keywords: Online shopping, Jordan, Trust, Online attitudes, Perceived website image, Perceived website reputation, Relative advantage Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2015 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Mamoun N. Akroush, Mutaz M. Al-Debei, (2015) "An integrated model of factors affecting consumer attitudes towards online shopping", Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 21 Issue: 6, pp.13531376, https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-02-2015-0022 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 10866 times since 2015

Consumer attitudes towards online shopping: The effects of trust, perceived benefits, and perceived web quality Author(s): Mutaz M. Al-Debei (Department of Management Information Systems, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan) ...Show all authors Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine consumer attitudes toward online shopping in Jordan. The paper introduces an integrated model which includes

trust, perceived benefits, perceived web quality, and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) along with their relationships in order to examine their effects on consumer attitudes toward online shopping. Design/methodology/approach – A structured and self-administered online survey was employed targeting online shoppers of a reputable online retailer in Jordan; i.e. MarkaVIP. A sample of 273 online shoppers was involved in the online survey. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess the research constructs, unidimensionality, validity, and composite reliability. Structural path model analysis was also used to test the hypothesized relationships of the research model. Findings – The empirical findings of this study indicate that consumer attitudes toward online shopping is determined by trust and perceived benefits. Trust is a product of perceived web quality and eWOM and that the latter is a function of perceived web quality. Hence, trust and perceived benefits are key predictors of consumer attitudes toward online shopping, according to the results. Further, the authors also found that higher levels of perceived web quality lead to higher levels of trust in an online shopping web site. Perceived web quality was found to be a direct predictor of trust, and the former positively and significantly influences perceived benefits. Also, the authors found that 28 percent of the variation in online shopping attitudes was caused by perceived benefits and trust. Research limitations/implications – The research sample included only early adopters who are usually described as personal innovators and risk takers. Future research is encouraged to focus on other groups such as non-adopters to understand their online shopping attitudes. Another limitation is derived from the geographical context of the current study; that is Jordan. The findings are not necessarily applicable to other Arab countries and the rest of the world. Therefore, replications of the current study in different countries would most likely strengthen and validate its findings. Also, the study is cross -sectional which does not show how attitudes of consumers may change over time. The authors encourage future studies to employ a longitudinal design to understand the changes in consumers’ attitudes toward using online shopping over time. Finally, this study examined only one case in point and thus findings cannot be generalized to other online shopping web sites. Future research is highly encouraged to examine consumers’ attitudes toward other online shopping web sites inside and outside Jordan. Practical implications – The paper supports the importance of trust and perceived benefits as key drivers of attitudes toward online shopping in emerging markets like Jordan. It

further underlines the importance of perceived web quality contribution to perceived benefits and trust as well as the key role of the later in forming online shoppers’ attitudes. Online retailers’ executives and managers can benefit from such findings for future e-marketing strategies and acquire new customers to achieve long-term performance objectives. Originality/value – This paper is one of the very few attempts that examined attitudes toward online shopping in the Arab world. Importantly, it revealed the drivers of online shoppers’ attitudes in Jordan. National and international online retailers planning to expand their operations to Jordan or to the Middle East Region have now valuable empirical evidence concerning the determinants of online shopping attitudes and online shoppers’ behavior in Jordan upon which e-marketing strategies can be formulated and implemented. Keywords: Jordan, Perceived benefits, Web site quality, Trust, Online shopping, Online attitudes Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2015 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Mutaz M. Al-Debei, Mamoun N. Akroush, Mohamed Ibrahiem Ashouri, (2015) "Consumer attitudes towards online shopping: The effects of trust, perceived benefits, and perceived web quality", Internet Research, Vol. 25 Issue: 5, pp.707-733, https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-05-2014-0146 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 25364 times since 2015

Influencing the online consumer's behavior: the Web experience Author(s): Efthymios Constantinides (Assistant Professor at the University of Twente, Faculty of Business, Public Administration and Technology, Department of Marketing, Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Enschede, The Netherlands)

Abstract: Addresses one of the fundamental issues of e‐marketing: how to attract and win over the consumer in the highly competitive Internet marketplace. Analyses the factors affecting the online consumer's behavior and examines how e‐marketers can influence the outcome of the virtual interaction and buying process by focusing their marketing efforts on elements shaping the customer's virtual experience, the Web experience. Identifying the Web experience components and understanding their role as inputs in the online customer's decision‐making process are the first step in developing and delivering an attractive online presence likely to have the maximum impact on Internet users. Click‐and‐mortar firms delivering superior Web experience influence their physical clients’ perceptions and attitudes, driving additional traffic to traditional sales outlets. Provides a contribution to the theoretical debate around the factors influencing the online consumer's behavior and outlines some noticeable similarities and differences between the traditional and virtual consumers. Keywords: Internet marketing, Worldwide web, Online operation, Consumer behaviour, Buying behaviour Type: Literature review Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2004 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Efthymios Constantinides, (2004) "Influencing the online consumer's behavior: the Web experience", Internet Research, Vol. 14 Issue: 2, pp.111126, https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240410530835 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 44477 times since 2013

Factors affecting consumer behaviors in online buy‐it‐now auctions Author(s): Bo Xu (School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai, China) ...Show all authors Abstract: Purpose – As a type of electronic commerce, online C2C markets have experienced a rapid growth in both sales volume and user numbers. Buy‐it‐now (BIN) auction is a mechanism to facilitate online auctions, and is adopted by the major online C2C marketplaces. This study aims to investigate consumers' purchase and adoption of risk relief service in BIN auctions in the online C2C market from the perspective of perceived risk. Design/methodology/approach – A research model is developed based on relevant theory. Data are collected from American and Chinese consumers through a web‐based experiment system that simulates the transaction process on online C2C markets. The proposed hypotheses are tested with logistic and multiple linear regressions. Findings – The results show that buyer's purchase behavior and usage of risk relief service for a transaction in BIN auctions are determined by the perceived risk, which is influenced by the buyer's risk attitude, seller online reputation, and the product price and type. Practical implications – This study provides an in‐depth understanding of consumers' behaviors on online C2C markets at transaction level, and makes implications for online marketplace operation and business strategy making. Originality/value – The primary value of this paper lies in providing a better understanding of consumers' behaviors on online C2C market, and investigating the factors that influence the consumers' purchase and adoption of risk relief service in online BIN auctions from the perceived risk perspective. Keywords: Electronic commerce, Internet shopping, Auctions, Experimentation Type:

Research paper Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2010 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Bo Xu, Zhangxi Lin, Bingjia Shao, (2010) "Factors affecting consumer behaviors in online buy‐it‐now auctions", Internet Research, Vol. 20 Issue: 5, pp.509-526, https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241011084086 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 5167 times since 2013

Conceptualizing consumer “trust” in online buying behaviour: an empirical inquiry and model development in Indian context Author(s): Sangeeta Sahney (Based at the Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India) ...Show all authors Acknowledgements: Received 30 July 2011. Revised 30 April 2012. 11 December 2012. Accepted 6 March 2013. Abstract: Purpose – India has a large internet savvy population that is not only accessing the internet but also buying online. With a revolution in the very basics of transaction from a physical store format to a non‐store one, the retail industry has begun to understand the indispensability of the internet as a medium of transaction. However, the rate of diffusion and adoption of the new phenomenon amongst consumers is still relatively low. Trust on online transactions is one of the key barriers to vendors succeeding in online transactions. A lack of trust discourages consumers from participating in

online buying. With the internet advancing new opportunities, it is important to understand the factors that generate trust of Indian consumers in the online buying system. The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of trust in online buying behavior of consumers. This paper is a theoretical attempt at conceptualizing “trust” as a construct, in the context of online buying and testing it empirically. The objective of the study is to explore the critical online trust‐creating factors that influence the online buying decision of people, and to establish their causal impact, if any, through developing an integrated model. Design/methodology/approach – The study, descriptive, diagnostic, and causal in nature, was conducted in the context of online buying of railway tickets in India. In the first phase, a pilot survey was conducted on a sample of 100 users of the online railway reservation. After having tested the survey instrument for validity and reliability, the second phase of the study was conducted on a sample of 327 users of online railway reservation facilities. A series of multiple regressions analyses was conducted to determine the causal impacts of critical consumer trust parameters on online reservation of railway tickets by users in the Indian context. The analysis of demographics based on gender and age groups was also made to capture the cross‐comparisons of critical online trust‐related attributes. Findings – The factor analysis had grouped the items into four constructs with a total of 11 items. The item total correlations to each construct were found significant. All the critical online trust based constructs were found to have a significant impact on the intention of buyers of booking/purchasing railway tickets online in India. The analyses of demographics established that all the critical consumer trust‐based attributes to online buying intention have no significant differences for gender, whereas for age groups some of the attributes were found significant and others were not. Research limitations/implications – The process of online trust formation among the potential buyers depends on a host of factors. This present study has only explored a select number of constructs and remains a major limitation. Notwithstanding this limitation, there are significant theoretical implications for critical online trust constructs of consumers on online buying behavior in the Indian context. Originality/value – By examining the various dimensions explored and established in this study, the concerned authority can develop a better understanding of consumer needs and expectations. Academicians and researchers can use this study for assessing consumer trust towards online reservation of railway tickets in the Indian context, and identifying such attributes that would lead to

the generation of online consumer trust towards online reservation of railway tickets. It provides insight into the impact of trust in online buying and the relationship between trust and buying behaviour. The policy decision makers of railway authority may also use the findings of this study as a resource, while constructing, managing, and evaluating their marketing strategies in the Indian context. Keywords: Consumer behaviour, Internet, Trust, Buying behaviour, India, Online buying Type: Research paper Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2013 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Sangeeta Sahney, Koustab Ghosh, Archana Shrivastava, (2013) "Conceptualizing consumer “trust” in online buying behaviour: an empirical inquiry and model development in Indian context", Journal of Asia Business Studies, Vol. 7 Issue: 3, pp.278-298, https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-Jul-20110038 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 2886 times since 2013

Initial trust and online buyer behaviour Author(s): Yu‐Hui Chen (Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK) ...Show all authors Abstract: Purpose

– Online trust is one of the key obstacles to vendors succeeding on the internet medium; a lack of trust is likely to discourage online consumers from participating in e‐commerce. This research aims to investigate how online consumers develop their initial trust and purchase intentions. The research in conducted in the context of Taiwanese online bookstores. Design/methodology/approach – The research examines consumers' online initial trust by using four major categories of determinants: perceived technology, perceived risk, company competency, and trust propensity. It also investigates the impacts of both online initial trust and familiarity with online purchasing on purchase intention. The research model is statistically tested using the web sites of four online bookstores in Taiwan. The web site selected by each respondent is unfamiliar. Findings – It is found that perceived usefulness, perceived security, perceived privacy, perceived good reputation, and willingness to customise are the important antecedents to online initial trust. It is also discovered that different level s of trust propensity moderate perceptions toward the web site and online with respect to online initial trust, including perceived usefulness, perceived security, perceived privacy, perceived good reputation, and willingness to customise. Both online initial trust and familiarity with online purchasing have a positive impact on purchase intention. Originality/value – The research provides insight into the development of online initial trust by consumers, and the relationships between online initial trust and purchase intention. The research model was created and then tested in the context of online bookshops in Taiwan. Keywords: Electronic commerce, Trust, Consumer behaviour Type: Research paper Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2007 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation:

Yu‐Hui Chen, Stuart Barnes, (2007) "Initial trust and online buyer behaviour", Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 107 Issue: 1, pp.2136, https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570710719034 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 22791 times since 2013

The role of experiential value in online shopping: The impacts of product presentation on consumer responses towards an apparel web site Author(s): So Won Jeong (The Ohio Sate University, Columbus, Ohio, USA) ...Show all authors Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether Pine and Gilmore's four experience realms (4Es) are affected by web site features; the 4Es affect consumer emotional components of pleasure and arousal; and pleasure and arousal lead to enhanced web site patronage intention. Design/methodology/approach – For the main experiment, two stimulus web sites reflecting high experiential value and low experiential value were developed. Data were collected in a laboratory setting from 196 participants. An analysis of the causal model was conducted using the maximum‐likelihood estimation procedure of Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) for hypotheses testing. Findings – Using AMOS, the results indicated that web site features affected the 4Es and three of the 4Es (entertainment, escapist and esthetic experiences) influenced pleasure and/or arousal. Pleasure, arousal, entertainment, and esthetic experiences had direct effects on web site patronage intention. Practical implications

– The results present an effective way to offer experiential value, which enhances web site patronage intention, to online retailers. Originality/value – This is the first empirical research to investigate the holistic process of the effects of product presentation on consumer responses towards an apparel web site that there is a clear need for further study. Keywords: Consumer behaviour, Electronic commerce, Experience, Internet shopping, Product design Type: Research paper Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2009 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: So Won Jeong, Ann Marie Fiore, Linda S. Niehm, Frederick O. Lorenz, (2009) "The role of experiential value in online shopping: The impacts of product presentation on consumer responses towards an apparel web site", Internet Research, Vol. 19 Issue: 1, pp.105124, https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240910927858 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 7581 times since 2013

Online behavioural intentions: an empirical investigation of antecedents and moderators Author(s): Mark M.H. Goode (University of Wales, Swansea, UK) ...Show all authors

Abstract: Purpose – The current study aims to develop and extend existing research into online behavioural intentions of consumers' by proposing, operationalising, and testing a model of the antecedents of behavioural intentions that models and evaluates how switching costs and inducements moderate the behavioural intentions of online shoppers. Design/methodology/approach – The study employed a personally administered structured questionnaire to gather data regarding consumer's interpretations and evaluations of one specific website. A total of 296 completed questionnaires were analysed. Findings – Analyses found support for the theoretical framework and uncovered strong links between a number of hypothesised antecedent and moderating factors and behavioural intentions. Research limitations/implications – The study supplies an empirical contribution through conceptualising, and subsequently empirically verifying, a model of the antecedents and moderators of online behavioural intentions. Empirical contributions also stem from the findings of moderated associations as well as from the strength and magnitude of uncovered associative links. Finally the study also generates a more general contribution to existing knowledge of e‐loyalty. Practical implications – The findings of the study also have numerous implications for practitioners. The moderated regression equation indicates that the exogenous factors studied explain nearly 68 per cent of variance in behavioural intentions. As such, the findings supply valuable insights into which factors practitioners should focus their attention to better tailor their approaches and content. Originality/value – The value of the current study centres on the conceptual and empirical contributions regarding the moderation of links between antecedent factors and online behavioural intentions. Keywords: Consumer behaviour, Customer loyalty, Internet shopping Type: Research paper Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2007 Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Citation: Mark M.H. Goode, Lloyd C. Harris, (2007) "Online behavioural intentions: an empirical investigation of antecedents and moderators", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 41 Issue: 5/6, pp.512536, https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710737589 Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 4891 times since 2013