Consonant Change Questionnaire
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Trends in Consonant Development Questionnaire Organizers: Mahé BEN HAMED1, Jean-Marie Hombert1, Gérard Philippson1,2 and Ian Maddieson 3 1Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage, Lyon, France 2INALCO, Paris, France 3University of California, Berkeley, USA
Please return to : Mahé BEN HAMED Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage Institut des Sciences de l'homme 14, avenue Berthelot 69363 Lyon Cedex 07 France
Purpose: Our purpose is to compile views on the major tendencies for consonant development, as observed independently by various experts and on various linguistic domains. Such a knowledge database would be useful to cross-validate impressions on diachronic universals and to initiate the formalization of diachronic processes. This poll complements a more ambitious ongoing project for determining diachronic universals from a database of reported phonological changes. It takes only a few minutes to complete this questionnaire (18 questions), and as a contributor, you will have full access to the data gathered through this operation.
Presentation of the questionnaire: This form lists phonetically likely changes for the most common consonants and invites you to select those changes which are, in your view, the most frequent. For each case, you can add any information you find relevant, such as the context and the intermedite stages in the case of sequential changes. The transciption used follows the IPA. Following is a detailed example of how the questionnaire works. Let's consider the evolution of n. We suggest two types of changes ([n to ŋ] and the loss of n [n to zero]).
other You may want to specify that the change [n to ŋ] is frequent but only word-finally, whereas the [n to zero] change is frequent syllable-finall if n is preceeded by a vowel which will becomes nasalized.
other If you have another type of change to mention, check the option "other" and specify the change in the text box. At the end of each section, you can add any comment you have about the evolution of the class of sounds considered which could not fit in the specific questionnaire. For exemple, you may want to mention that when nasals are very stable word-initially. Additional comments about the evolution of sonorants (please enter descriptions of the segments, not symbols)
Two pages are provided at the end of this handout in case more space is needed for comments. When using this extra space, please give a clear reference to the part of the questionnaire concerned.
Please do not use linguistic fonts, but rather a description in words. example: voiced bilabial implosive instead of If you agree to participate, please proceed to the next page. We are grateful for your contribution and your time. Page 1/13
How to proceed: The questionnaire is in 3 sections (18 questions) : the first on the development of plosives, the second on the development of fricatives and the third on sonorants. Please send it back to: Mahé BEN HAMED Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage Institut des Sciences de l'homme 14, avenue Berthelot 69363 Lyon Cedex 07 France Before you start filling out the questionnaire, please enter your contact informations so we can keep you posted.
Contributor's contact informations
Name:
Affiliation:
Email:
Languages you have worked on:
Proceed to Step 1 : Plosives
Page 2/13
Questionnaire
Plosives 1/4
The transcription used is IPA. You can check more than one option.
Step 1: Plosives
zero
other
Page 3/13
Plosives 2/4
(Continued)
other
Page 4/13
Plosives 3/4
zero
(Continued)
other
other
other
Page 5/13
Plosives 4/4
other
other
Additional comments about the evolution of plosives (please enter descriptions of the segments, not symbols)
Proceed to Step 2 : Fricatives
Page 6/13
Fricatives 1/2
Step 2: Fricatives
other
other
Page 7/13
Fricatives 2/2
other
zero
other
Additional comments about the evolution of fricatives (please enter descriptions of the segments, not symbols)
Proceed to Step 3 : Sonorants
Page 8/13
Sonorants 1/3
Step 3: Sonorants Glides
other
other
Nasals
other
Page 9/13
Nasals (continued)
Sonorants 2/3
other
other
Laterals
other
Page 10/13
Laterals (continued)
other
Sonorants 3/3
Additional comments about the evolution of sonorants (please enter descriptions of the segments, not symbols)
General comments and suggestions to improve this questionnaire
Page 11/13
Page 12/13
Page 13/13
Please return to : Mahé BEN HAMED Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage Institut des Sciences de l'homme 14, avenue Berthelot 69363 Lyon Cedex 07 France
Purpose: Our purpose is to compile views on the major tendencies for consonant development, as observed independently by various experts and on various linguistic domains. Such a knowledge database would be useful to cross-validate impressions on diachronic universals and to initiate the formalization of diachronic processes. This poll complements a more ambitious ongoing project for determining diachronic universals from a database of reported phonological changes. It takes only a few minutes to complete this questionnaire (18 questions), and as a contributor, you will have full access to the data gathered through this operation.
Presentation of the questionnaire: This form lists phonetically likely changes for the most common consonants and invites you to select those changes which are, in your view, the most frequent. For each case, you can add any information you find relevant, such as the context and the intermedite stages in the case of sequential changes. The transciption used follows the IPA. Following is a detailed example of how the questionnaire works. Let's consider the evolution of n. We suggest two types of changes ([n to ŋ] and the loss of n [n to zero]).
other You may want to specify that the change [n to ŋ] is frequent but only word-finally, whereas the [n to zero] change is frequent syllable-finall if n is preceeded by a vowel which will becomes nasalized.
other If you have another type of change to mention, check the option "other" and specify the change in the text box. At the end of each section, you can add any comment you have about the evolution of the class of sounds considered which could not fit in the specific questionnaire. For exemple, you may want to mention that when nasals are very stable word-initially. Additional comments about the evolution of sonorants (please enter descriptions of the segments, not symbols)
Two pages are provided at the end of this handout in case more space is needed for comments. When using this extra space, please give a clear reference to the part of the questionnaire concerned.
Please do not use linguistic fonts, but rather a description in words. example: voiced bilabial implosive instead of If you agree to participate, please proceed to the next page. We are grateful for your contribution and your time. Page 1/13
How to proceed: The questionnaire is in 3 sections (18 questions) : the first on the development of plosives, the second on the development of fricatives and the third on sonorants. Please send it back to: Mahé BEN HAMED Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage Institut des Sciences de l'homme 14, avenue Berthelot 69363 Lyon Cedex 07 France Before you start filling out the questionnaire, please enter your contact informations so we can keep you posted.
Contributor's contact informations
Name:
Affiliation:
Email:
Languages you have worked on:
Proceed to Step 1 : Plosives
Page 2/13
Questionnaire
Plosives 1/4
The transcription used is IPA. You can check more than one option.
Step 1: Plosives
zero
other
Page 3/13
Plosives 2/4
(Continued)
other
Page 4/13
Plosives 3/4
zero
(Continued)
other
other
other
Page 5/13
Plosives 4/4
other
other
Additional comments about the evolution of plosives (please enter descriptions of the segments, not symbols)
Proceed to Step 2 : Fricatives
Page 6/13
Fricatives 1/2
Step 2: Fricatives
other
other
Page 7/13
Fricatives 2/2
other
zero
other
Additional comments about the evolution of fricatives (please enter descriptions of the segments, not symbols)
Proceed to Step 3 : Sonorants
Page 8/13
Sonorants 1/3
Step 3: Sonorants Glides
other
other
Nasals
other
Page 9/13
Nasals (continued)
Sonorants 2/3
other
other
Laterals
other
Page 10/13
Laterals (continued)
other
Sonorants 3/3
Additional comments about the evolution of sonorants (please enter descriptions of the segments, not symbols)
General comments and suggestions to improve this questionnaire
Page 11/13
Page 12/13
Page 13/13
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