Configuring, Removing, And Adding Virtual Devices

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices

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Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices Use the Hardware tab on the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box and the Add Hardware wizard to view, reconfigure, remove, and add virtual hardware and devices. The following sections describe how to configure and add specific hardware and devices in a virtual machine: • Editing Hardware Settings, General Settings • Configuring Virtual Processors • Configuring Memory Settings for a Virtual Machine • Configuring a Network Adapter (NIC) • Configuring Virtual Disks • Configuring a SCSI Controller • Configuring a SCSI Device • Configuring a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Drive • Configuring a Disk Drive • Configuring a Serial Port • Configuring a Parallel Port • Viewing a USB Controller Configuration • Adding a Virtual Device • Adding an Ethernet Adapter (NIC) • Adding a Hard Disk • Adding a SCSI Device • Adding a DVD/CD-ROM Drive • Adding a Floppy Drive • Adding a Serial Port • Adding a Parallel Port [email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Editing Hardware Settings, General Settings

Editing Hardware Settings, General Settings These terms are used in the topics about configuring virtual devices: The host—in this setting, the ESX Server host—is the machine on which the virtual machine is running. Virtual devices are the devices inside the virtual machine. Physical devices are the real devices on a physical computer. The two types of physical devices are: • Host devices, which are on the ESX Server host itself. • Client devices, which are on the machine where the VI Client is running. Every virtual device has a backing, which is a real item used to provide the functionality of

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the virtual device. The backing can be a physical device or a file that resides on the host. Most backings are fully specified as part of the virtual machine configuration. For example, for a device backed by a file, the exact location of the file is stored. Client devices are the exception. When a virtual device is backed by a client device, the actual connection is controlled from the actual VI Client instance that the user wants to provide the backing. See Configuring Virtual Machine Options and Resources for more information on using client devices. To access the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box 1.

In the inventory panel, select the virtual machine object for which you want to configure, add, or remove devices.

2.

Right-click and choose Edit Settings, or choose the Edit Settings link in the information panel.

To see what type of change has been made to a device in this edit session Use the Hardware tab in the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box to view settings for, reconfigure, and remove virtual devices. All items in the list on the left of the Hardware tab represent configurable virtual hardware settings. Except for Memory and CPUs (if CPUs appears), each entry represents a single virtual device. The text of each item name is formatted in one of the following ways, with formats that indicate the state of change for that device in this edit session. Format of Device Name

State of Change for Device in This Edit Session

Plain text

Device not changed.

Boldface + “(adding)”

Device added.

Strikeout + “(removing)”

Device removed.

Boldface+ “(replacement)”

Device added as direct replacement of another device.

Strikeout + “(replacing)”

Device removed and directly replaced by another device.

Generally, a device is in one of the first three states. The remaining two states occur when a device is being replaced in its original position and apply only to SCSI controllers and to NICs on some hosts and virtual machines. For these two device types, you can choose from more than one specific virtual device implementation. For example, a virtual SCSI controller can be a Buslogic controller or an LSI Logic controller. When the device type is to be changed, the old device is replaced by a new device while preserving as many of the settings and connections as possible. The “replacement” and “replacing” states reflect this composite operation. [email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Editing Hardware Settings, General Settings : Devices Not Affected by the Add or Remove Buttons

Devices Not Affected by the Add or Remove Buttons With the exceptions noted below, you add and remove devices by using the Add and Remove buttons at the bottom of the list. The entries for Memory and CPUs are unique. You can change the amount of memory or the number of virtual CPUs in a machine, but you cannot insert two motherboards.

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SCSI controllers are implicitly added and removed based on the assignment of devices to them. If you change a device's SCSI node assignment, or add a new device, on a given virtual SCSI bus number (for example, a SCSI node setting of (1:3) on virtual SCSI bus 1) and no controller exists for that bus, a controller is immediately created. Similarly, when you click OK after an edit session, any controllers whose buses are left empty are removed. Generally, all the SCSI controllers in a virtual machine are of the same type, and that type is based on the VMware software recommendation for the virtual machine's guest operating system. If a virtual machine has been manually edited to have more than one kind of SCSI controller and a new one is being implicitly created, its type is that of the existing controller for the lowest-numbered bus with a controller. [email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Editing Hardware Settings, General Settings : Reconfiguring the Virtual Devices

Reconfiguring the Virtual Devices The following sections describe how to work with the individual items on the Hardware list: • Configuring Memory Settings for a Virtual Machine • Configuring Virtual Processors • Configuring Virtual Disks • Configuring a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Drive • Configuring a Disk Drive • Configuring a Network Adapter (NIC) • Configuring a Parallel Port • Configuring a Serial Port • Configuring a SCSI Device Note: If you were directed to this topic from a Help button on a USB Port page, click Viewing a USB Controller Configuration. [email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Configuring Virtual Processors

Configuring Virtual Processors If you enabled the VMware Virtual SMP feature for your ESX Server host, a virtual machine can have multiple virtual CPUs within the following limits: • A virtual machine cannot have more CPUs than the actual number of logical CPUs on the host. The number of logical CPUs is equal to the number of physical processor cores if hyperthreading is disabled or two times the number of physical processor cores if hyperthreading is enabled. • Not every guest operating system supports Virtual SMP. Because of these limitations, the Virtual CPUs page might not appear in the Hardware tab. The page appears only if Virtual SMP is supported for the current host and guest operating system or if the virtual machine is configured for Virtual SMP. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

CPUs

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Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

Configuration > Change CPU Count

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Note: Even guest operating systems that support SMP might require reinstallation if the number of processors or CPUs changes. On hyperthreaded uniprocessor hosts, performance of virtual machines with virtual SMP might slow to an unacceptable level. To change the virtual processors configuration 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware tab, click CPUs.

2.

Select the number of virtual processors for the virtual machine.

3.

Click OK to save your changes and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

[email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Configuring Memory Settings for a Virtual Machine

Configuring Memory Settings for a Virtual Machine You can change the amount of memory used by this virtual machine. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Memory

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

Configuration > Memory

To change the memory configuration 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware tab, click Memory.

2.

Set the memory value by using any of the following techniques: • Click a colored triangle (on the slider or in the legend). • Use the slider control. • Use the numeric field. Note: Only multiples of 4 MB are valid for memory settings. If you manually enter a value that is not a multiple of 4 MB, a warning message appears. The range of the slider is from 4 MB to the largest amount supported by the host on which the virtual machine resides. ESX Server can support any multiple of 4 MB within the displayed range, but not all guest operating systems work with all settings. Three or four additional values, shown by the colored triangles on the slider, are provided to guide the selection of a value appropriate for the guest operating system: • Guest OS Recommended Minimum – Values below this amount are not advised. The guest operating system might crash or perform poorly. • Recommended Memory – Provides enough memory for standard (“normal”) function of the guest operating system in standard (“normal”) situations. • Guest OS Recommended Maximum – Values greater than this will not be used

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effectively by the guest operating system. • Maximum for Best Performance (not always shown) – dependent on the host configuration and represents the largest amount that should be assigned to a single virtual machine. On ESX Server hosts, memory sizes that are larger than this value require virtual machine memory to be swapped in the VMkernel, substantially reducing the performance of the virtual machine. The value appears on the Memory page only if it is less than the Guest OS Recommended Maximum value. 3.

Click OK to save your changes and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

[email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Configuring a Network Adapter (NIC)

Configuring a Network Adapter (NIC) You can change your virtual network adapter (NIC). Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Network Adapter

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

(varies)

To change the Network Adapter configuration 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware tab, click the Network Adapter you want to configure.

2.

Change the Device Status options as needed. Device Status settings required privilege: Connection. • Connected – Select or deselect this option while the virtual machine is running to connect or disconnect the virtual network adapter. This check box is dimmed when the virtual machine is not powered on. • Connect at power on – Select this option for the virtual network adapter to connect to the virtual machine when it powers on. If you do not check this option, the network adapter is not available to the virtual machine when it first powers on.

3.

Specify the MAC address: • Select Automatic to automatically assign a MAC address. • Select Manual to manually enter the MAC address you want.

4.

Select the network to connect to the virtual network by choosing a Network Connection from the drop-down menu of virtual machine networks that are configured on the host. Network Connection settings required privilege: Configuration. Select a network from the drop-down menu. This menu lists all networks configured for virtual machine use on the host. Consult the VMware Knowledge Base for details about different types of network adapters.

5.

If you are running a legacy virtual machine on a legacy host (pre-ESX Server 3.0 host), you can change the Adapter Type from Vlance to vmxnet or vmxnet to Vlance. Adapter Type settings required privilege: Add/Remove Device. You cannot edit the settings in this group except for a legacy virtual machine on a legacy host, where the network adapter can be changed between Vlance and vmxnet. Note: A vmxnet adapter usually provides significantly better performance than a Vlance adapter, but it requires that the VMware Tools be installed on the virtual machine

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because the Tools provide the driver needed by that adapter type. A Vlance adapter uses a stock driver that the guest operating system provides and so does not require that the Tools be installed on the virtual machine. To change from the vmxnet to Vlance or Vlance to vmxnet adapter type: a. To change from Vlance to vmxnet: If you are not confident that you are running the latest version of the VMware Tools, close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box and install the latest Tools on the virtual machine. Re-open the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box and click the Network Adapter you want to configure. Click the Change Type button. b. To change from vmxnet to Vlance: Click the Change Type button. See your system documentation for your legacy system for further details. Note: If your virtual machine was created on ESX Server 3.0 or greater and runs a 32bit guest operating system, the adapter type is Flexible. The Flexible adapter functions as a Vlance adapter if the the adapter’s driver is the stock driver the guest operating system. The Flexible adapter functions as a vmxnet adapter if the vmxnet driver has been installed on the virtual machine as part of the VMware Tools installation. If your virtual machine was created on ESX Server 3.0 or greater and runs a 64-bit guest operating system, the adapter type is E1000. If you change a virtual machine from a 32bit to a 64-bit guest operating system, or the reverse, you must remove the existing network adapter and replace it with a new one, or the virtual machine will not power on. If you do a hardware upgrade on a legacy virtual machine, the adapter type for that upgraded machine is as follows: • If the adapter type was Vlance, the adapter type on the upgraded virtual machine is Flexible. That adapter functions as a Vlance adapter would function. If you want to obtain significantly better performance, you need only install the VMware Tools on the virtual machine as described in Step 5a above. • If the adapter type is vmxnet, the adapter type on the upgraded virtual machine is still vmxnet. However, you cannot change this adapter’s type to Vlance, as you would have been able to do on a legacy virtual machine. 6.

Click OK to save your changes and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

To remove a Network Adapter 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click the Network Adapter you want to remove.

2.

To remove the network adapter, click the Remove button. If you do not want to remove it, click Restore.

3.

Click OK to remove the network adapter and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

[email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Configuring Virtual Disks

Configuring Virtual Disks The appearance of the Virtual Hard Disks page varies depending on the backing and characteristics of the virtual hard disk device. Much of the information shown (for example, the path to the virtual disk file for a virtual disk file backing) is read-only, because you can change it only by removing and re-adding the virtual hard disk device. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Virtual Hard Disk

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Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

Configuration

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If the disk is backed by a normal virtual disk file: • Disk Mode controls allow advanced configuration of disk behavior, depending on the exact type of host. • SCSI Node control allows changing the assignment of the virtual device to a virtual SCSI bus location. If the disk is backed by a physical storage device mapped through a datastore (an RDM, for Raw Device Mapping): • The location of the mapping file and the actual raw device LUN are shown, and a button allows choosing between multiple paths (aliases) for the LUN, which might be required when using a SAN. • The compatibility mode of the RDM is shown. If the compatibility mode is “virtual,” the Disk Mode controls are also shown. • The SCSI Node control is provided as it would be for a normal virtual disk. Note: The Manage Paths feature for RDM disks is not available for virtual machines on legacy hosts running versions of ESX Server prior to release 3.0. Disk Modes for ESX Server 3.0 and greater ESX Server 3.0 provides full virtual machine snapshotting. With snapshots, the Disk Mode describes how the virtual hard disk participates in snapshots. Normally, the disk functions as it would in a physical machine, with changes written to the disk controlled by the snapshot mechanism. For some purposes, you might make a disk independent of the snapshot mechanism, so that snapshot operations do not affect the disk contents. When a disk is independent, it can be: • Persistent – The disk operates normally except that changes to the disk are permanent even if the virtual machine is reverted to a snapshot. • Nonpersistent – The disk appears to operate normally, but whenever the virtual machine is powered off or reverted to a snapshot, the contents of the disk return to their original state (all later changes are discarded). Disk Modes for ESX 2 and Greater Versions of ESX prior to 3.0 do not provide snapshots. Some of the functions of snapshots were provided on a per-disk basis by a richer set of disk modes. On legacy virtual machines, the following disk modes are possible: • Persistent – The disk operates normally. Changes are immediately and permanently written to the disk. • Nonpersistent – The disk appears to operate normally while the virtual machine is powered on, but when it is powered off, the disk contents revert to the original contents. • Undoable – The disk appears to operate normally, but when the virtual machine is powered off, you choose whether to make changes to the disk permanent or discard them. • Append – The disk appears to operate normally, but disk changes are kept separate from the original values. Whenever the virtual machine is powered on, you are asked to commit all the accumulated changes permanently, discard them, or continue recording changes until the next power-on. To change the hard disk configuration 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click Hard Disk.

2.

To change the virtual device node, select the new node from the drop-down menu.

3.

Select the Disk Mode option.

4.

Click OK to save your changes, and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

To remove the hard disk 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click Hard Disk.

2.

Click the Remove button.

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3.

Select a removal option.

4.

Click OK to remove the disk and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

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[email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Configuring a SCSI Controller

Configuring a SCSI Controller You can specify whether the SCSI bus is shared if SCSI bus sharing is supported on the host. Depending on the type of sharing, virtual machines can access the same virtual disk simultaneously on the same server or on any server. Note: You cannot change the SCSI controller type on a legacy virtual machine (one created with any version of ESX Server earlier than ESX Server 3.0). The Change Type button on the SCSI Device page is inactive for legacy virtual machines. To change the SCSI controller configuration 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click the SCSI Controller you want to change. Caution: Changing the SCSI controller type might result in a virtual machine boot failure. If you change the type of controller to which the virtual machine’s boot device is attached, the wrong drivers will be loaded during boot and the virtual machine will crash. a. Click Change Type. b. In the Change SCSI Controller Type dialog box, select either BusLogic or LSI Logic. Some guest operating systems support only one of these types. When the virtual machine was created, the type of controller that works best with the operating system was selected. You rarely need to change this value.

2.

If SCSI bus sharing is supported on the host, change the type of sharing in the SCSI Bus Sharing list as needed: • None – Virtual disks cannot be shared by other virtual machines. • Virtual – Virtual disks can be shared by virtual machines on same server. • Physical – Virtual disks can be shared by virtual machines on any server. Note: For virtual disks to be used with Bus Sharing mode Virtual or Physical, the disks must be zeroed. To create and zero a disk, type the following at the service console command line or in the ESX Server 3i remote command-line interface: vmkfstools -c <size> -d eagerzeroedthick /vmfs/volumes/<mydir>/<myDisk>.vmdk To zero out an existing disk, type: vmkfstools [-w |--writezeroes] /vmfs/volumes/<mydir>/<myDisk>.vmdk For more information on configuring shared disks, see Setup for Microsoft Cluster Service.

3.

Click OK to save your changes and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

[email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Configuring a SCSI Device

Configuring a SCSI Device SCSI Device lets a virtual machine run any SCSI device that is supported by the guest operating system in the virtual machine. SCSI Device gives the guest operating system direct access to SCSI devices connected to the host computer, such as scanners and tape drives. Note: A “SCSI Device” is distinct from a “SCSI controller.” The Device Status group area is

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disabled for ESX Server hosts. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

SCSI Device

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

Configuration > Raw Device

To change the SCSI Device configuration 1.

Select a device from the list of physical SCSI devices on the host to change the Connection assignment. The device’s location on the host’s SCSI bus and identifying information about the device appear in the list. If the virtual machine is configured to connect to a SCSI device that is not on the host, that device appears in the list but does not have descriptive text associated with it. You can still edit that device, although if the virtual machine were turned on while the SCSI device still was not on the host, the virtual machine would not find the device.

2.

Select an unoccupied node to change the Virtual Node assignment.

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Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Configuring a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Drive

Configuring a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Drive Multiple virtual machines can connect to one DVD/CD-ROM drive on the host at the same time. It is possible to boot a virtual machine from a client CD-ROM, but doing this requires some special care. See To boot the virtual machine from a client CD-ROM. A CD/DVD-ROM device can be backed by a physical device or by an ISO file. Note: When you add or edit an ISO-file backed DVD/CD-ROM drive on an ESX Server 3.0 host, the Browse Datastore dialog box appears. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

CD/DVD-ROM Drive

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

Yes

Required privilege:

(varies)

To change the CD/DVD-ROM configuration 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click CD/DVD Drive.

2.

Change the Device Status options as needed. Device Status settings required privilege: Connection. This group is disabled if the device is configured as a client device. • Connected – Select or deselect this option to connect or disconnect the virtual

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CD/DVD-ROM drive while the virtual machine is running. • Connect at power on – Select this option if you want the drive to be connected whenever you power on the virtual machine. You can change this setting when the virtual machine is powered on or powered off. 3.

Select a Device Type option. Device Type settings required privilege: Set CD Media.

4.

If you selected Client Device as the Device Type, you can select a Mode option. Required privilege to change this option: Configuration. • Passthrough IDE to connect the virtual device to the physical device as directly as possible for highest efficiency. • Connect exclusively to this virtual machine is not generally needed, but you can might find it useful in some instances, such as when you want to prevent concurrent access by other virtual machines that would add seek latency in timing-critical operations. • Emulate IDE emulation provides lower performance than Passthrough IDE but works with any physical device configuration.

5.

Specify the virtual device node. In most cases this field is read-only.

6.

Click OK to save your changes and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

Note: If the CD-ROM or DVD device is set to connect to a client device, and the Connected check box is selected, the CD-ROM or DVD settings appear greyed-out if you switch to another hardware device and then come back to the CD-ROM or DVD tab. To restore the ability to edit these settings, close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box, and reopen it. To boot the virtual machine from a client CD-ROM 1.

Edit the virtual machine settings under Options > Boot Options.

2.

Enter a delay value long enough to enable the console view to stabilize and for you to connect the CD-ROM using the VI Client.

3.

Click OK.

4.

Open a console to the virtual machine.

5.

Power on the virtual machine.

6.

While the virtual machine proceeds through its boot sequence, connect your local device, or an ISO image, to the virtual machine's CDROM drive. a. Click Connect to CD/DVD 1 b. Choose one of the following options: • Select Connect to D: to connect your local optical drive. • Select Connect to ISO image to open a file browser where you can navigate to the image you want.

Note: After you no longer want to connect the client device during the boot sequence, return to the virtual machine settings and remove the delay. To remove an existing drive 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click the DVD/CD-ROM drive you want to remove.

2.

Click the Remove button.

3.

Select the Removal option to use.

4.

Click OK to remove the drive and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

[email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Configuring a Disk Drive

Configuring a Disk Drive

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You can configure up to two 1.44MB disk drives. You can use physical drives available on the host computer, image (.flp) files, or client devices. However, a disk drive can be used only by the host operating system or by one virtual machine at a time. If you run more than one virtual machine simultaneously, you might want to select which one (if any) has access to the drive. See To boot the virtual machine from a client CD-ROM. Note: When you add or edit a file-backed disk drive on an ESX Server 3.0 host, the Browse Datastore dialog box displays. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Floppy Drive

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

Yes

Required privilege:

(varies)

To disable or enable access to a client device disk drive while the virtual machine is running, choose the floppy disk client device icon in the toolbar. To change the floppy drive configuration 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click Floppy Drive.

2.

Change the Device Status options as needed. Device Status settings required privilege: Connection. This group is disabled if the device is configured as a client device. • Connected – Connect or disconnect the virtual floppy drive while the virtual machine is running. • Connect at power on – The drive is connected whenever you power on the virtual machine. You can change this setting when the virtual machine is powered on or powered off.

3.

Select a Device Type option. Device Type settings required privilege: Set Floppy Media. • To boot from this floppy drive, see To boot the virtual machine from a client CD-ROM. • Host Device – Choose the device from the drop-down menu. • Use existing floppy image in datastore – Use an existing floppy image file. • Create new floppy image – Create a new floppy image file. Browse to a datastore location, type a name for the floppy image (.flp) file, and select that file. A blank floppy image file is created when you use this configuration operation. Note: The file is created immediately. This is not a persistent setting in the virtual machine. If you edit the virtual machine’s configuration again immediately after creating a new floppy image file, the new floppy drive is selected in the list, the Use existing floppy option is selected, and the name of the file you created appears in the pathname field. See Adding a Floppy Drive for how to configure each option.

4.

Click OK to save your changes and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

Note: If the Floppy device is set to connect to a client device, and the Connected check box is selected, the Floppy settings appear greyed-out if you switch to another hardware device and then come back to the Floppy tab. To restore the ability to edit these settings, close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box, and reopen it. To remove an existing drive 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click the Floppy Drive you want to remove.

2.

Click the Remove button.

3.

Select the Removal option. Click Restore to not remove the drive.

4.

Click OK to remove the drive and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

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[email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Configuring a Serial Port

Configuring a Serial Port A virtual machine can use up to four virtual serial ports. The virtual serial port can connect to a physical serial port or to a file on the host computer. It can also be used to set up a direct connection between two virtual machines or a connection between a virtual machine and an application on the host computer by using a host-side-named pipe. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Serial Port

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

Yes

Required privilege:

Configuration

To change the serial port configuration 1. 2.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box hardware list, click Serial Port. Change the Device status options as needed: • Connected – To connect or disconnect the device while the virtual machine is running. • Connect at power on – To connect the device whenever you power on the virtual machine. You can change this setting when the virtual machine is either powered on or powered off.

3.

Select Use physical serial port for the virtual machine to use a physical serial port on the host computer. Use the drop-down menu to specify which available serial port to use.

4.

Select Use output file to send output from the virtual serial port to a file on the host computer. Type the path and filename for the file, or click Browse to locate an existing output file and select the file.

5.

Select Use named pipe to set up a direct connection between two virtual machines or a connection between a virtual machine and an application on the host computer. Use the default pipe name or enter another pipe name in the Pipe Name list. For a serial pipe for a virtual machine on an ESX Server host, type /tmp/<socket> or another UNIX socket name.

6.

Decide whether to connect two virtual machines or a virtual machine to an application on the host. To connect two virtual machines: Configure a serial port as a named pipe in two virtual machines: a server virtual machine and a client virtual machine. a. For the server virtual machine, select Server in the Near end list. b. For the client virtual machine, select Client in the Near end list. c. Select A virtual machine in the Far end list. To connect to an application on the host: a. Select Server or Client in the Near end list. In general, select Server to start this end of the connection first. b. Select An application in the Far end list. By default, the serial port starts connected when you power on the virtual machine. You can deselect the Connect at power on check box to change this.

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7.

Under I/O Mode, configure this serial port to use interrupt mode or polled mode.

8.

If the software in a particular virtual machine will be polling the serial port in a method for which yielding the CPU is not desirable, deselect the Yield CPU on Poll option. The Yield CPU on Poll check box is selected by default. Because most software uses interrupt-driven I/O, the assumption that polled I/O will be in a busywait loop is usually valid. This behavior reduces the extra load on system resources caused by polled I/O. Using one virtual machine to perform a “remote” debug on a second virtual machine performs significantly better with this optimization turned on

9.

Click OK to save your changes and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

To remove the serial port 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click Serial Port.

2.

Click the Remove button.

3.

Click OK to remove the disk and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

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Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Configuring a Parallel Port

Configuring a Parallel Port You can attach up to three parallel ports (LPT) to a virtual machine. The virtual parallel port can connect to a parallel port or a file on the host operating system. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Parallel Port

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

Yes

Required privilege:

Configuration

To change the parallel port configuration 1. 2.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click Parallel Port. Change the Device status options as needed: • Connected – To connect or disconnect the port while the virtual machine is running. • Connect at power on – To connect the port whenever you power on the virtual machine. You can change this setting when the virtual machine is powered on or powered off.

3.

Change the Connection type as needed: • Use physical parallel port for the virtual machine to use a physical parallel port on the host computer. Use the drop-down menu to specify which available parallel port to use. • Use output file to send output from the virtual parallel port to a file on the host computer. Type the path and filename for the file, or click Browse to locate an existing output file, and then select the file.

4.

Click OK to save your changes and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

Note: When you power on the virtual machine, you might see an error message stating the parallel port on the host does not have an ECR (Extended Control Register). It is possible the hardware supports ECR, but it has been disabled in the BIOS. Reboot the host, enter the host computer’s BIOS configuration editor (hold down the Delete key early in the boot process), find the parallel port field, and enable ECP mode (or a combination of modes that includes ECP). Most computers support ECP mode. To remove the parallel port 1.

In the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box Hardware list, click Parallel Port.

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2.

Click the Remove button.

3.

Click OK to remove the disk and close the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box.

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Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Viewing a USB Controller Configuration

Viewing a USB Controller Configuration USB controllers are not supported on ESX Server hosts. To see this page on an ESX Server host, you must be editing a virtual machine that was created on another VMware product. Although the presence of this device does not prevent the virtual machine from functioning, no settings available for it. No provision is available for redirecting “hot adds” to the host’s USB bus(es) to particular virtual machines. [email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Adding a Virtual Device

Adding a Virtual Device Add devices to a virtual machine using the Add Hardware wizard. • To add a device other than a hard disk, you must have the Add/Remove Device privilege. • To add a CD-ROM device, you must have the Add/Remove Device privilege and the Set CD Media privilege. • To add a virtual hard disk, you must have the Add/Remove Device privilege and whichever of Add New Virtual Disk, Add Existing Disk, or Raw Device is appropriate for the backing of the disk you want to add. Note: You can add most devices only while the virtual machine is powered off. On an ESX Server 3.0 host or later, you can add virtual hard disks (regular virtual disks or RDM [rawdevice mapping] disks) while the virtual machine is powered on if there is a free virtual SCSI node on an existing virtual SCSI controller. If a type of device cannot be added, the device type is greyed out in the device list. If you select the greyed-out device, the reasons why the device cannot be added appear. For example, if you highlighted NIC Adapter, the list might read: A device of this type cannot be added at this time because: • There can be no more than four NICs. • The total of NICs and SCSI controllers cannot exceed five. • You do not have sufficient privileges. if those three conditions were operative at that moment. To access the Add Hardware wizard 1.

In the inventory panel, select the virtual machine object for which you want to configure, add, or remove devices.

2.

Right-click and choose Edit Settings, or choose the Edit Settings link in the information panel.

3.

On the Hardware tab in the Virtual Machine Properties dialog box, select the item in the list that you want to add.

4.

Click the Add button.

The following topics describe how to add specific devices to a virtual machine. • Adding an Ethernet Adapter (NIC) • Adding a DVD/CD-ROM Drive

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• Adding a Floppy Drive • Adding a SCSI Device • Adding a Hard Disk • Adding a Parallel Port • Adding a Serial Port [email protected] | Copyright © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Adding a Virtual Device : Adding an Ethernet Adapter (NIC)

Adding an Ethernet Adapter (NIC) Use the Add Hardware wizard to add an Ethernet adapter. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Ethernet Adapter > click Add

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

Configuration > Add or Remove Device

To add an Ethernet Adapter 1.

In the Add Hardware Wizard, select Ethernet Adapter and click Next.

2.

Select a network from the NIC list.

3.

To connect the virtual NIC when the virtual machine is powered on, select Connect at power on.

4.

Select the type of virtual network adapter to use. Depending on the host version and the guest operating system, you might not have a choice of adapter types for each virtual NIC. In many cases, only one type of adapter is supported. If more than one type of adapter is supported, the recommended type for the guest operating system is selected by default. The following adapter types might be available: • Vlance – supported only on legacy virtual machines. A Vlance adapter uses the stock driver that the guest operating system provides, and does not require that VMware Tools be installed in the virtual machine. It provides poor performance. • Vmxnet – supported only on legacy virtual machines. It usually provides significantly better performance than a Vlance adapter, but it requires that VMware Tools be installed in the virtual machine. • Flexible – supported on virtual machines that were created on ESX Server 3.0 or greater and that run 32-bit guest operating systems. The Flexible adapter functions as a Vlance adapter if VMware Tools is not installed in the virtual machine and as a Vmxnet driver if VMware Tools is installed in the virtual machine. • E1000 – emulates the functioning of an E1000 network card. It is the default adapter type for virtual machines that were created on ESX Server 3.0 or greater and that run 64-bit guest operating systems. • Enhanced Vmxnet – an upgraded version of the Vmxnet driver with enhanced performance. It requires that VMware Tools be installed in the virtual machine.

5.

Click Next.

6.

Review the information on the Ready to Complete page.

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Make any needed changes to the appropriate page. 7.

Click Finish.

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Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Adding a Virtual Device : Adding a Hard Disk

Adding a Hard Disk Use the Add Hardware wizard to add a hard disk. You can add most devices only while the virtual machine is powered off. On an ESX 3 and greater host, virtual hard disks (regular virtual disks or RDM [raw-device mapping] disks) can be “hot added”—that is, they can be added while the virtual machine is powered on if there is a free virtual SCSI node on an existing virtual SCSI controller. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Hard Disk > click Add

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

Yes, with ESX Server 3.0 or greater host

Required privilege:

Configuration > Add or Remove Device plus whichever of the following is appropriate for the type of backing you will use: – Add New Virtual Disk – Add Existing Disk – Raw Device

To add a hard disk 1.

In the Add Hardware Wizard, select Hard Disk and click Next.

2.

Select the type of storage for the virtual machine’s disk. You can store virtual machine data on a new virtual disk, an existing virtual disk, or a mapped SAN LUN. You can copy or move virtual disks on the same host or between hosts.

3. 4.

Click Next. Do one of the following. To create a new virtual disk: a. Enter the disk capacity. Current size – The amount of space the virtual disk will occupy on the host computer’s hard disk. Datastore free – The amount of disk space left on the datastore where the virtual disk is stored. b. Select the location as either Store with the virtual machine or Specify a datastore. c. If you select Specify a datastore, browse and select the datastore location. Note: If you select Store with the virtual machine, the new disk is stored in the same folder as other virtual machine files. If you select Specify a datastore, and then select the datastore on which the virtual machine is located, the new disk is stored in a separate folder from the other virtual machine files.

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d. Click Next. To use an existing virtual disk: a. Browse and select the disk file path. b. Click Next. To use a mapped SAN LUN: a. Select the LUN to use for the raw disk and click Next. b. Select a datastore and click Next. c. Select the compatibility mode: Physical allows the guest operating system to access the hardware directly. Virtual allows the virtual machine to use VMware snapshots and other advanced functions. d. Click Next. 5.

Select a virtual device Node from the drop-down menu. Under Virtual device node you can select which SCSI device identifier to use for the drive. For example, if you select SCSI 0:2, the guest operating system recognizes the drive as ID 2 on controller 0.

Disk Modes for ESX Server 3.0 and later ESX Server 3.0 provides full virtual machine snapshotting. With snapshots, the Disk Mode describes how the virtual hard disk participates in snapshots. Normally, the disk functions as it would in a physical machine, with changes written to the disk controlled by the snapshot mechanism. When you make a disk independent of the snapshot mechanism, snapshot operations do not affect the disk contents. When a disk is independent, it can be: • Persistent – The disk operates normally except that changes to the disk are permanent even if the virtual machine is reverted to a snapshot. • Nonpersistent – The disk appears to operate normally, but whenever the virtual machine is powered off or reverted to a snapshot, the contents of the disk return to their original state (all later changes are discarded). Disk Modes for ESX Server 2.x Versions of ESX Server earlier than 3.0 do not provide snapshots. Some of the functions of snapshots were provided on a per-disk basis by a richer set of disk modes. On legacy virtual machines, the following disk modes are possible: • Persistent – The disk operates normally. Changes are immediately and permanently written to the disk. • Nonpersistent – The disk appears to operate normally while the virtual machine is powered on, but when it is powered off, the disk contents revert to the original contents. • Undoable – The disk appears to operate normally, but when the virtual machine is powered off, choose whether to make changes to the disk permanent or discard them. • Append – The disk appears to operate normally, but disk changes are kept separate from the original values. Whenever the virtual machine is powered on, choose whether to commit all the accumulated changes permanently, discard them, or continue recording changes until the next power-on. 6.

Click Next.

7.

Review the information on the Ready to Complete page. Make any needed changes to the appropriate page.

8.

Click Finish.

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Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Adding a Virtual Device : Adding a SCSI Device

Adding a SCSI Device Use the Add Hardware wizard to add a SCSI device.

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Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

SCSI Device > click Add

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

Configuration > Add or Remove Device

To add a SCSI device 1.

In the Add Hardware Wizard, select SCSI Device and click Next.

2.

Under Connection, use the drop-down menu to select the physical device.

3.

Under Virtual device node, select the virtual device node where you want this device to appear in the virtual machine.

4.

Click Next.

5.

Review the information on the Ready to Complete page. Make any needed changes to the appropriate page.

6.

Click Finish.

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Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Adding a Virtual Device : Adding a DVD/CD-ROM Drive

Adding a DVD/CD-ROM Drive Use the Add Hardware wizard to add a DVD/CD-ROM drive. Note: When you add or edit an ISO-file backed DVD/CD-ROM drive on an ESX Server 3.0 host, the Browse Datastore dialog box displays. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

DVD/CD-ROM Drive > click Add

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

Configuration > Add or Remove Device AND Set CD Media

To add a DVD/CD-ROM drive 1. 2.

In the Add Hardware Wizard, select DVD/CDROM Drive, and click Next. Select the connection option: • Use physical drive to connect the virtual machine’s drive to a physical drive on the host computer. • Use ISO Image to connect the virtual machine’s drive to an ISO image file.

3.

Click Next.

4.

Select one of the following. Use physical drive a. Select either client or host as the device location.

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b. If you select client, either select Pass through and select the check box to connect exclusively to the virtual machine, or select ATAPI emulation. c. If you select host, choose the drive from the drop-down list. d. If you select host and you do not want the DVD/CD-ROM drive connected when the virtual machine starts, deselect Connect at power on. Use ISO Image a. Enter the path and filename for the image file, or click Browse to navigate to the file and select the file. b. If you do not want the DVD/CD-ROM drive connected when the virtual machine starts, deselect Connect at power on. 5.

Click Next.

6.

Specify the virtual device node the drive uses in the virtual machine.

7.

Click Next.

8.

Review the information on the Ready to Complete page. Make any needed changes to the appropriate page.

9.

Click Finish.

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Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Adding a Virtual Device : Adding a Floppy Drive

Adding a Floppy Drive Use the Add Hardware wizard to add a floppy drive. Note: When you add or edit a file-backed floppy drive on an ESX Server 3.0 host, the Browse Datastore dialog box appears. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Floppy Drive > click Add

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

Configuration > Add or Remove Device AND Set Floppy Media

To add a floppy drive 1.

In the Add Hardware Wizard, select Floppy Drive and click Next.

2.

Select the type of floppy media to use: • Physical floppy drive to give the guest access to the floppy on the host. • Floppy image, which is a file on the host that stores data in the same format as a physical floppy. • Blank floppy image to create and use a blank floppy image.

3.

Click Next.

4.

Do one of the following. To use a physical floppy drive: a. Select either client or host as the device location. b. If you select host, select the drive from the drop-down list. c. If you select host and you do not want the drive connected when the virtual machine

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starts, deselect Connect at power on. To use a floppy image: a. Type the path and filename for the image file, or click Browse to navigate to the file and select it. b. If you do not want the drive connected when the virtual machine starts, deselect Connect at power on. To create a blank floppy image: a. Click Browse and navigate to the path and filename for the new image file. b. If you do not want the drive connected when the virtual machine starts, deselect Connect at power on. 5.

Click Next.

6.

Review the information on the Ready to Complete page. Make any needed changes to the appropriate page.

7.

Click Finish.

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Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Adding a Virtual Device : Adding a Serial Port

Adding a Serial Port Use the Add Hardware wizard to add a serial port. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Serial Port> click Add

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

Configuration > Add or Remove Device

A virtual serial port can be configured in several ways. • Use physical serial port on the host – To use an external modem or a hand-held device in your virtual machine. • Output to file – To capture the data that a program running in the virtual machine sends to the virtual serial port. • Connect to a named pipe – If you want two virtual machines, or a virtual machine and a process on the host, to communicate as if they were physical machines connected by a serial cable. For example, this can be used for “remote” debugging on a virtual machine. To add a serial port to a virtual machine 1.

In the Add Hardware Wizard, select Serial Port, and click Next.

2.

Select the type of media you want the virtual port to access.

3.

Click Next.

4.

Do one of the following: • Use physical serial port on the host – Use the drop-down menu to select the port on the host computer to use for this serial connection. • Output to file – Browse to the file on the datastore to use to store the output of the virtual serial port and select it. • Connect to named pipe – Type a pipe name in the Pipe Name field and use the drop-down menus to select the near and far ends of the pipe.

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5.

Deselect the Connect at power on check box if you want. By default, the serial port starts connected when you power on the virtual machine.

6.

If the software in a particular virtual machine will be polling the serial port in a method for which yielding the CPU is not desirable, deselect the Yield CPU on Poll option. The Yield CPU on Poll check box is selected by default. Because most software uses interrupt-driven I/O, the assumption that polled I/O will be in a busywait loop is usually valid. This behavior reduces the extra load on system resources caused by polled I/O. Using one virtual machine to perform a “remote” debug on a second virtual machine performs significantly better with this optimization turned on.

7.

Click Next.

8.

Review the information on the Ready to Complete page. Make any needed changes to the appropriate page.

9.

Click Finish.

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Configuring, Removing, and Adding Virtual Devices : Adding a Virtual Device : Adding a Parallel Port

Adding a Parallel Port Use the Add Hardware wizard to add a parallel port. Conditions Virtual Machine Properties tab:

Hardware

Virtual Machine Properties item:

Parallel Port > click Add

Allowed while virtual machine is powered on?

No

Required privilege:

Configuration > Add or Remove Device

To add a parallel port 1.

In the Add Hardware Wizard, select Parallel Port and click Next.

2.

Select whether to use a physical parallel port or to connect the virtual parallel port to a file.

3.

Click Next.

4.

Do one of the following: • Use physical parallel port on the host – Choose the port from the drop-down menu. • Output to file – Enter the path and filename, or browse to the location of the file and select it.

5.

Under Device status, deselect the Connect at power on check box if you do not want the parallel port device to be connected when the virtual machine powers on. The default setting is Connect at power on.

6.

Click Next.

7.

Review the information on the Ready to Complete page. Make any needed changes to the appropriate page.

8.

Click Finish.

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