Comprehensive Literacy Program

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A Comprehensive Literacy Program for Third Grade An ideal literacy program that I would implement in a third grade classroom is based on my fundamental belief that it is my responsibility to help students become independent readers and writers. I believe the way to achieve this independence is by creating a classroom environment where children feel safe and accepted so that they can take the risks necessary to grow. I encourage exploration and discovery. Being a role model for my students is vital for teaching them that reading and writing are worthwhile and valuable activities. As suggested by Regie Routman in her book, Conversations (2000), children need to see their teacher as a reader and as a writer if they are expected to take on those roles themselves. To this end, I intend to spend at least part of independent reading time engaged in my own book. I also plan on modeling and sharing examples of my own writing. Aside from the importance of being a role model, I believe that a literacy program begins with a classroom that invites students to immerse themselves in words. Upon entering my classroom, a visitor would discover a prominently placed word wall, a bulletin board celebrating student work, an inviting classroom library, a writing center and a rug area where the class can gather for morning meeting, read aloud time and other group activities. Classroom rules, the daily schedule, helpful information and current vocabulary words would also adorn the walls. I envision my classroom as an invitation to read anything and everything; whether the reader is seeking answers or is simply interested in what the walls have to offer. While not directly connected with a literacy program, I believe that the ritual of Morning Meeting is nevertheless an important building block in fostering strong readers and writers. This time provides children with an opportunity to come together for community building exercises and aids in the development of oral communication skills as well. As asserted by Routman, “Children’s oral language is the basis for beginning instruction” (p.17). Each day I would have the children take turns leading the meeting. Among other things, they would be responsible for guiding their classmates in activities such as reading the day’s schedule and the daily message. Not only would this meeting time serve to establish a sense of belonging and trust among the students, I believe it would also help set the tone for the day’s learning. Two of the items on that daily schedule would be reading and writing blocks. Ideally I would like to allot two to two and half hours of each day solely to literacy with the first sixty to

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ninety minutes devoted to reading. I would divide this reading time block into three portions. The first twenty to thirty minutes would be used for whole class instruction. Within this block would be time for activities surrounding the current book or story being read by the entire class. These activities could include the introduction of the book or new vocabulary or I might lead the students in a retelling of the story. I would also incorporate shared reading where students can follow along in their own book as I or other students take turns reading. Another way I might run shared reading time would be to pair students of different abilities together to reread a story which we had already read as a class. Through this pairing, the stronger reader can help his or her classmate with the difficult parts while practicing their own fluency. Another activity I would include in this first portion of my literacy block would be word wall work. As described by Patricia Cuningham in Phonics They Use (2009), a word wall is an ever-evolving, useful tool to help children learn high frequency words. Weekly I would introduce approximately five new words that are common stumbling blocks in my students’ writing and reading. The goal for my students would be to create ownership of these words through frequent use, quick games and accountability. My students would be expected to spell word wall words correctly, all the time, once they have been introduced. This first chunk of literacy time could also be used for whole class introduction of new spelling patterns through a Making Words lesson (Cunningham, 1994) followed by a word sort as outlined in Words Their Way (Bear et al., 2008). By using word sorts, children can discover and explore patterns in spelling that can lead to greater success in future encounters with unknown words following similar patterns. An example of a word sort would be to distinguish words that end in ch from words that end in tch. Students would eventually discover that short vowel sounds precede tch, while ch is preceded by long vowel sounds. I believe that when students discover this pattern on their own, it will be more meaningful for them and they will be more likely to recall that discovered pattern when decoding an unfamiliar word. Monday through Thursday I would divide the remainder of the literacy time into two blocks for Literacy Centers. Children would be divided into four heterogeneous ability groups. These groups would be fluid, most likely changing every few weeks. Half of the groups would have independent work time and half would have a specific center to visit. After twenty or thirty minutes, the groups would switch. By the end of the fourth day, all students would have had an opportunity to visit all the centers. I would have used some of the first portion of the literacy

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time to introduce any new center activities. Some of the activities that could be accomplished during center time would be vocabulary work, poetry, listening center, computer time, word study, or a comprehension activity. Those groups working independently should use the time to read, write in a reader’s response notebook, perform word hunts based on the patterns introduced during group time, or catch up on unfinished work. I think that a reader’s response notebook is an invaluable tool for aiding in comprehension and promoting a reader’s thoughtful engagement with a book. Students would use these notebooks to record their reactions, predictions and questions about the book they are reading. I would collect each student’s notebook once a week in order to respond to their thinking, guide comprehension if necessary, and create an ongoing dialog with the student. In addition to helping the student to develop a better relationship with the books they are reading, this exercise offers students personal, purposeful practice in writing. While students are working independently I would call some of them for small guided reading groups. It is during this time that I would be able to address specific learning needs of children at their instructional level. The needs of each group would determine the focus of the day’s lesson. We might work on fluency, comprehension strategies, or a phonics skill that is causing them confusion. We might also read a book that is at their level which relates to the book the whole class is reading. By providing books at their instructional level, I can help the struggling readers gain some familiarity with the themes in the story, thereby helping them build schema to bring to the next whole group lesson. The more advanced readers can dig a little deeper into a topic and the on level readers can also enrich their knowledge of the topic and add to their comprehension and fluency. Again, these groups would be fluid, depending on the needs of the children as determined by daily and periodic assessment of their reading and writing abilities. On Fridays, in place of centers, I would like to hold Literature Circle meetings for at least a portion of our literacy time block. I would display a number of different titles at various levels and of different genres and then provide the students time to look at the books before selecting a first and second choice book. Based on their selections, I would create book groups. They could use independent reading time or homework time to read and also to jot down ideas for discussion. I would not require students tochoose books based on their level but rather on their interests. I believe that if a struggling reader wants to attempt a book that is a little difficult for

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them it will help them grow as a reader. Conversely, if a strong reader would like to read something a little easier that is also acceptable. The goal is to create a community of students who enjoy reading and who can share ideas and learn from one another. Initially, at least, I would provide the students with a sheet to help guide their thinking as they read. The sheet would prompt them to make predictions, connections or conclusions about what they are reading and then serve as talking points for group discussions. Any time we have left in our literacy block I would use to engage students time in other literary activities such as reader’s theater, a study of poetry, and group discussions about our reading. In the style of Sharon Taberski, I would like to close literature time with the students coming together as a group to reflect on what they have learned about themselves as readers. I believe that this exercise helps students become more thoughtful about the process of reading and, again, works on oral communication and community building skills. In addition to the reading blocks, I plan on including time in every day for reading aloud to the children. I believe that read aloud time is invaluable for a number of reasons. Reading aloud offers children a chance to relax and enjoy hearing a story read. This practice helps make difficult books accessible to all students, increases students’ exposure to vocabulary and grammar, and improves listening skills. Writing would also be a key component of our day in third grade. In my classroom there will be a writing center filled with many materials a writer needs. There will be various types of paper, pens, markers, dictionaries, a thesaurus, a stapler and folders filled with excellent examples of different writing styles. Each child will have a writing folder where they can keep all of their writing as well as a notebook divided into two sections. One section will be for jotting down ideas of things they can write about for future reference. The other side will be where I can make notes during a writer’s conference. These notes are to help both me and the student. The student can refer back to these notes to remind him or herself about any suggestions I made about their writing. It is also helpful to me as a reminder of what we discussed the last time we met. Writing time would be divided between whole class instruction, small group work, and individual conference time. I would use whole class time to introducing a style of writing, to work on mechanics or for shared writing where we would work on a piece together. We might

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focus on developing interesting beginnings, including descriptive language, developing a voice or on how to write an expository piece. We might also work on poetry, how-to pieces, personal narratives or answering writing prompts. Writing time would be an opportunity for me to see whether or not students are applying the spelling and vocabulary lessons that were taught during the reading block. I would like to use art and music as inspiration for writing. For a lesson on poetry I might take the students on a haiku hike or a use a recent field trip to an art museum as inspiration. Music can help set the mood for student writing as well as provide another way to appreciate poetry through a study of lyrics. Because I believe that students need to write for a purpose, I would like to have a classroom newsletter with the students as the columnists and editors. If they know that their writing is to be published with the intent to share it with others, I believe that they will work to produce quality pieces. In addition, this project will create a connection between home and school. Although these time blocks are devoted to the development of students as successful and independent readers and writers, I intend to carry these lessons across all content areas of our day. Good reading and writing habits can and should be practiced during the entire day. Providing nonfiction reading material at all ability levels can help add to the comprehension of topics being investigated in Social Studies and Science. Children would receive practice and instruction in expository writing during a research project. I expect that my students will be held accountable for all spelling and vocabulary learned in literacy time throughout their school day. It is my goal to help all of my students grow as readers and writers during their year with me. It is my hope that I will inspire in them an appreciation of literacy that they can carry throughout their lives.

References Bear, D. R., Invernizzi, M., Templeton, S., & Johnston, F. (2008). Words Their Way (4th ed.). Upper Saddle

River: Pearson Education, Inc.

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Cunningham, P. (1994). Making Words. Columbus: Frank Schaffer Publications. Cunningham, P. (2009). Phonics They Use (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Routman, R. (2000). Conversations. Portsmouth: Heinemann.