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Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3
Unit 1 • Lesson A: People in a hurry Vocabulary Manner automatically badly carefully differently easily fast hard immediately late nicely on time patiently properly quickly quietly recklessly seriously slowly strongly well
(adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv)
Positive qualities outgoing polite quiet shy
(adj) (adj) (adj) (adj)
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson A, Page 1
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 Negative qualities (adj) (adj) (adj)
impatient reckless rude
Other words balance work and play drive recklessly feel strongly about something get impatient honk your horn interrupt people slow down take (school / work) seriously
(v) (v) (v) (v) (v) (v) (v) (v)
Grammar Adjectives vs. manner adverbs Adjective + noun You can use adjectives to describe nouns: I'm a patient person.
She's a careful driver.
Verb + manner adverb You can use adverbs to describe verbs. Manner adverbs describe how people do things: I wait patiently in lines.
She drives carefully.
Regular -ly adverbs Regular adverbs are adjective + -ly: patient
patiently
© Cambridge University Press 2014
careful
carefully
Unit 1, Lesson A, Page 2
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 For adjectives ending in -y, change the y to i and add -ly: easy
easily
For adjectives ending in -ic, add -ally: automatic
automatically
Irregular adverbs Some adverbs are irregular. They do not end in -ly: well
good For example:
He's not a good singer. He doesn't sing very well.
Some irregular adverbs are the same as the adjective: late
late
fast
fast
hard
hard
For example: He's a fast driver. He drives very fast.
be, feel, get, etc., + adjective Don't use adverbs after verbs like be, feel, get, and sound. Use adjectives: I'm patient. I feel safe with her. He gets reckless sometimes. His voice sounds terrible.
But, when the verb feel means "have an opinion about", use an adverb:
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson A, Page 3
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 I feel strongly about it.
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson A, Page 4
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3
Unit 1 • Lesson B: Personality and character Vocabulary Positive qualities considerate creative down-to-earth easygoing generous helpful (completely) honest laid-back patient practical (totally) reliable safe (incredibly) talented (absolutely) wonderful
(adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj)
Negative qualities arrogant competitive dishonest disorganized
(adj) (adj) (adj) (adj)
inconsiderate selfish unfriendly unhappy unreliable
(adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj)
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 1
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 Intensifiers absolutely completely extremely fairly incredibly not at all pretty really so totally very
(adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv)
Other words basically correctly admire someone count on someone have a (great) sense of humor tell the truth trust someone
(adv) (adv) (v) (v) (v) (v) (v)
Grammar Adverbs before adjectives and adverbs You can use some adverbs before adjectives and adverbs. Use these adverbs to make some adjectives and adverbs stronger: extremely incredibly
really
so very
She's extremely generous. She's incredibly talented. He's a really cool guy.
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 2
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 We get along very well. Use pretty and fairly to mean "more than a little": He's pretty easygoing. He's fairly laid-back.
Use absolutely or really (but not very) with adjectives that are already very strong: She's absolutely wonderful. He's really fantastic.
Use the expression at all to make negatives stronger. At all usually goes after the adjective: She's not selfish at all.
Use completely and totally to mean 100%: He's completely honest. She's totally reliable.
Adjective prefixes A prefix is a group of letters like dis, un, etc. at the beginning of a word. They add meaning to the word. You can use prefixes to make adjectives with opposite meanings. Different adjectives have different prefixes: patient considerate friendly reliable honest organized
impatient inconsiderate unfriendly unreliable dishonest disorganized
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 3
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3
Unit 1 • Lesson C: He's always wasting time. Vocabulary borrow something (v) talk about people behind their backs (v) try hard to (v)
Conversation strategies Describing individual habits You can use always and a continuous verb to talk about: •
things people do a lot or more than is usual He's always wasting time.
•
an annoying habit He was always talking about people behind their backs.
•
a funny or special habit He's always smiling.
at least You can use the expression at least to point out the positive side of a situation: A He's always standing around and talking. B Well, at least he's pleasant. (at least = "The good thing is . . . ")
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson C, Page 1
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3
Unit 1 • Lesson D: Is that a fact? Vocabulary Positive qualities accomplished even-tempered humble introverted
(adj) (adj) (adj) (adj)
Other words safe fluently have impeccable taste (in clothes) make the most of
(adj) (adv) (v) (v)
Writing Useful expressions for your personal profile Here are some useful expressions you can use when you write a profile about someone: •
I was born and raised in . . . I was born and raised in Istanbul, Turkey. (= I was born there and I lived there when I was young.)
•
At the age of . . . At the age of 17, I moved to New York.
•
I can be . . . I can be pretty shy and introverted and studying online feels safe somehow.
•
I work for a company called . . . Right now I'm working for a small production company called Film Fast.
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson D, Page 1
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 •
I'm an accomplished . . . I'm an accomplished accordion player. (= I play the accordion very well.)
•
I started playing . . . I started playing the accordion at the age of eight.
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson D, Page 2
Unit 1 • Lesson A: People in a hurry Vocabulary Manner automatically badly carefully differently easily fast hard immediately late nicely on time patiently properly quickly quietly recklessly seriously slowly strongly well
(adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv)
Positive qualities outgoing polite quiet shy
(adj) (adj) (adj) (adj)
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson A, Page 1
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 Negative qualities (adj) (adj) (adj)
impatient reckless rude
Other words balance work and play drive recklessly feel strongly about something get impatient honk your horn interrupt people slow down take (school / work) seriously
(v) (v) (v) (v) (v) (v) (v) (v)
Grammar Adjectives vs. manner adverbs Adjective + noun You can use adjectives to describe nouns: I'm a patient person.
She's a careful driver.
Verb + manner adverb You can use adverbs to describe verbs. Manner adverbs describe how people do things: I wait patiently in lines.
She drives carefully.
Regular -ly adverbs Regular adverbs are adjective + -ly: patient
patiently
© Cambridge University Press 2014
careful
carefully
Unit 1, Lesson A, Page 2
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 For adjectives ending in -y, change the y to i and add -ly: easy
easily
For adjectives ending in -ic, add -ally: automatic
automatically
Irregular adverbs Some adverbs are irregular. They do not end in -ly: well
good For example:
He's not a good singer. He doesn't sing very well.
Some irregular adverbs are the same as the adjective: late
late
fast
fast
hard
hard
For example: He's a fast driver. He drives very fast.
be, feel, get, etc., + adjective Don't use adverbs after verbs like be, feel, get, and sound. Use adjectives: I'm patient. I feel safe with her. He gets reckless sometimes. His voice sounds terrible.
But, when the verb feel means "have an opinion about", use an adverb:
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson A, Page 3
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 I feel strongly about it.
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson A, Page 4
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3
Unit 1 • Lesson B: Personality and character Vocabulary Positive qualities considerate creative down-to-earth easygoing generous helpful (completely) honest laid-back patient practical (totally) reliable safe (incredibly) talented (absolutely) wonderful
(adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj)
Negative qualities arrogant competitive dishonest disorganized
(adj) (adj) (adj) (adj)
inconsiderate selfish unfriendly unhappy unreliable
(adj) (adj) (adj) (adj) (adj)
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 1
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 Intensifiers absolutely completely extremely fairly incredibly not at all pretty really so totally very
(adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv) (adv)
Other words basically correctly admire someone count on someone have a (great) sense of humor tell the truth trust someone
(adv) (adv) (v) (v) (v) (v) (v)
Grammar Adverbs before adjectives and adverbs You can use some adverbs before adjectives and adverbs. Use these adverbs to make some adjectives and adverbs stronger: extremely incredibly
really
so very
She's extremely generous. She's incredibly talented. He's a really cool guy.
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 2
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 We get along very well. Use pretty and fairly to mean "more than a little": He's pretty easygoing. He's fairly laid-back.
Use absolutely or really (but not very) with adjectives that are already very strong: She's absolutely wonderful. He's really fantastic.
Use the expression at all to make negatives stronger. At all usually goes after the adjective: She's not selfish at all.
Use completely and totally to mean 100%: He's completely honest. She's totally reliable.
Adjective prefixes A prefix is a group of letters like dis, un, etc. at the beginning of a word. They add meaning to the word. You can use prefixes to make adjectives with opposite meanings. Different adjectives have different prefixes: patient considerate friendly reliable honest organized
impatient inconsiderate unfriendly unreliable dishonest disorganized
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson B, Page 3
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3
Unit 1 • Lesson C: He's always wasting time. Vocabulary borrow something (v) talk about people behind their backs (v) try hard to (v)
Conversation strategies Describing individual habits You can use always and a continuous verb to talk about: •
things people do a lot or more than is usual He's always wasting time.
•
an annoying habit He was always talking about people behind their backs.
•
a funny or special habit He's always smiling.
at least You can use the expression at least to point out the positive side of a situation: A He's always standing around and talking. B Well, at least he's pleasant. (at least = "The good thing is . . . ")
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson C, Page 1
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3
Unit 1 • Lesson D: Is that a fact? Vocabulary Positive qualities accomplished even-tempered humble introverted
(adj) (adj) (adj) (adj)
Other words safe fluently have impeccable taste (in clothes) make the most of
(adj) (adv) (v) (v)
Writing Useful expressions for your personal profile Here are some useful expressions you can use when you write a profile about someone: •
I was born and raised in . . . I was born and raised in Istanbul, Turkey. (= I was born there and I lived there when I was young.)
•
At the age of . . . At the age of 17, I moved to New York.
•
I can be . . . I can be pretty shy and introverted and studying online feels safe somehow.
•
I work for a company called . . . Right now I'm working for a small production company called Film Fast.
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson D, Page 1
Touchstone 2nd Edition • Language summary • Level 3 •
I'm an accomplished . . . I'm an accomplished accordion player. (= I play the accordion very well.)
•
I started playing . . . I started playing the accordion at the age of eight.
© Cambridge University Press 2014
Unit 1, Lesson D, Page 2
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