Cobol Day 2

COBOL (COMMON BUSINESS ORIENTED LANGUAGE)

Overview

COBOL Fundamentals DAY2

EDITING PICTURE CLAUSE

Edited picture symbols Edit symbol

Meaning

Z

Zero suppression

*

Check protection

,

Comma insertion

-

Minus sign insertion

+

Plus or minus sign insertion

Edited picture symbols

Edit symbol

Meaning

$

Dollar sign insertion

CR

Credit symbol

DB

Debit symbol

B

Blank insertion

/

Slash insertion

.

Decimal point insertion

BLANK WHEN ZERO

Blank insertion when the value is zero

Edited picture symbols (Example) Edit symbol

Value

Edited value

ZZ999

12

012

***99

12

***12

$9999

123

$0123

-9999

-1234

-1234

+9999

-1234

-1234

Edited picture symbols (Example) Edit symbol

Value

Edited value

999CR

-12

01 2CR

999CR

12

012CR

999.9

12.34

012.3

99,999

1234

01,234

99B99

1234

12 34

Editing Picture Clause Example

EDITING PICTURE CLAUSE EXAMPLE

REDIFINES AND RENAMES

Overview

What is Redifines ?. •

Facilitates two or more data-names to point to the same memory location.

01 WS-POLICY-INFO. 05 POLICY-ID. 10 POLICY-LOC 10 POLICY-NO

PIC X(3). PIC X(8).

10 POLICY-NO-TYP REDIFINES POLICY-NO 15 POLICY-TYP PIC X(3). 15 POLICY-NO-T PIC X(5). 10 POLICY-CDE PIC X(2). 05 POLICY-EXP-DTE PIC X(10). 05 POLICY-HLD-NM PIC X(25).

REDEFINES Clause Rules governing REDEFINES clause  Multiple REDEFINES is allowed for a data-item.  REDEFINES clause must not be used for 01 level in FILE SECTION.  Must not be used for data-items defined in level numbers 66 and 88.  The item to be redefined should not have an OCCURS clause.  Any change in REDEFINED item reflects on the value of the REDEFINING item and vice-versa.

REDEFINES Clause Syntax data-name-1 REDEFINES data-name-2.

Example 01 STUD-DETAILS. 05 STUD-NAME. 10 FIRST-NAME 10 MIDDLE-NAME 10 LAST-NAME 05 NAME REDEFINES

PIC A(15). PIC A(10). PIC A(10). STUD-NAME.

redefines WS00-YEAR1. REDEFINES CLAUSE … WS00-YEAR2 example It is the same 8 bytes of information which WS00-YEAR2 provides in the Year, Month & Day format in it’s sub-items. Any change in WS00-YEAR1 changes value of WS00-YEAR2 and vice-versa.

************************************ YEAR FOR ENTERED DATE IS

Output SPOOL

: 2005

MONTH FOR ENTERED DATE IS : 01 DAY FOR ENTERED DATE IS

: 01

************************************

RENAMES Clause •

Facilitates re-grouping of elementary data items in a record. After the renames enforcement the elementary items would belong to the original (renamed) group item as well as the new (renaming) group item.

Syntax 66 data-name-1 RENAMES data-name-2 THRU data-name-3.

Rules to be followed while using RENAMES  RENAMES must be used after the description of the fields required.  Must be coded only with level number 66.  Data-names 2 and 3 should not have level numbers 01 and OCCURS Clause.  The elementary items getting renamed should be contiguous.

RENAMES Clause Example

The elementary items getting renamed should be

01 STUD-DETAILS. 05 REG-NO 05 S-F-NAME 05 S-M-NAME 05 S-L-NAME

contiguous. PIC 9(5). PIC X(15). PIC X(12). PIC X(8).

66 STUD-NAME RENAMES S-F-NAME THRU S-L-NAME. Must be coded only with level number 66.

RENAMES clause .. example

WS-REN would be picking up the value of the sub-items from WS-IN12 to WS-22 (spreading across WS-IN1 & WS-IN2 values).

Note that WS-IN11 is left out.

*********************************

Output SPOOL

WS-REN VALUE IS : 341234 *********************************

Procedure Division VERBS



Data movement verb.



Arithmetic Verbs.



Input / Output Verbs.



Sequence control verbs.

Arithmetic VERBS  ADD  SUBTRACT  MULTIPLY  DIVIDE  COMPUTE

ADD VERB The ADD statement sums two or more numeric operands and stores the result.

Syntax-1 ADD { identifier-1, literal-1 } [ , identifier-2, literal-2 ] . . . TO identifier-3 [ , identifier-4 ] . . .

Syntax-2 ADD { identifier-1, literal-1 } { identifier-2, literal-2 } [ identifier-3, literal-3 ] GIVING identifier-4 . . .

ADD Examples Before After

Before After

Before After

ADD Cash TO Total. 3 1000 3

1003

ADD Cash, 20 TO Total, Wage. 3 1000 100 3

1023

123

ADD Cash, Total GIVING Result. 3 1000 0015 3

1000

1003

ADD Males TO Females GIVING TotalStudents. Before 1500 0625 1234 After

1500 2125

0625

ADD Before

After

WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT1

123 0000

WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT1

123 0123

Before WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT2

123 0000

After WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT2 Before WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-OUT2

After 123 456 0000

WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-OUT2

123 456 0579

123 0223

SUBTRACT VERB The SUBTRACT statement subtracts one numeric item, or the sum of two or more numeric items, from one or more numeric items and stores the result.

Syntax SUBTRACT { identifier-1, literal-1 } [ identifier-2, literal-2 ] . . . FROM identifier-3 [ , identifier-4 ] [ , GIVING identifier-5 [ , identifier-6 ] . . . ]

SUBTRACT Examples

Before After

Before After

Before After

SUBTRACT Tax FROM GrossPay, Total. 120 4000 9120 120

3880

9000

SUBTRACT Tax, 80 FROM Total. 100 480 100

300

SUBTRACT Tax FROM GrossPay GIVING NetPay. 750 1000 0012 750 0250

1000

SUBTRACT Before

After

WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT1

111 1111

WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT1

111 1000

Before WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT2

111 2222

After WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT2

Before WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-OUT3 WS00-OUT4

After 111 555 6666 9666

WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-OUT3 WS00-OUT4

111 555 6666 6000

111 2000

MULTIPLY VERB The MULTIPLY statement multiplies numeric items and sets the values of data items equal to the results

Syntax MULTIPLY { identifier-1, literal-1 } BY identifier-2 [ identifier-3 ] . . . [ , GIVING identifier-4 [ , identifier-5 ] . . . ]

MULTIPLY and DIVIDE Examples MULTIPLY Subs BY Members GIVING TotalSubs ON SIZE ERROR DISPLAY "TotalSubs too small" END-MULTIPLY. Subs Before After

Before After

Before After

15.50 15.50

Members

TotalSubs

100

0123.45

100

1550.00

MULTIPLY 10 BY Magnitude, Size. 355 125 3550

1250

DIVIDE Total BY Members GIVING Average ROUNDED. 9234.55 100 1234.56 9234.55 92.35

100

MULTIPLY

Before WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT1

100 1111

After WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT1

Before WS00-IN2 WS00-OUT2 WS00-OUT3

100 1000

After 10 0222 0666

WS00-IN2 WS00-OUT2 WS00-OUT3

10 0222 2220

DIVIDE VERB The DIVIDE statement divides one numeric data item into or by other(s) and sets the values of data items equal to the quotient and remainder. Syntax-1 DIVIDE { identifier-1, literal-1 } INTO identifier-2 [ , identifier-2 ] . . . [ GIVING identifier-4 [ , identifier-5 ] . . . ] .. Syntax-2 DIVIDE { identifier-1, literal-1 } BY { identifier-2, literal-2 } GIVING identifier-3 [ , identifier-4 ]. Syntax-3 DIVIDE { identifier-1, literal-1 } { INTO , BY } { identifier-2, literal-2 } GIVING identifier-3 REMAINDER identifier-4.

DIVIDE 201 BY 10 GIVING Quotient REMAINDER Remain. Before After

020

001

DIVIDE

Before WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT1

100 1000

After WS00-IN1 WS00-OUT1

Before WS00-IN2 WS00-OUT2 WS00-OUT3

100 0010

After 10 2000 00

WS00-IN2 WS00-OUT2 WS00-OUT3

10 0008 16

The COMPUTE COMPUTE { Identifier [ ROUNDED ]} ... = ArithmeticExpression   ON SIZE ERROR    StatementBlock END - COMPUTE     NOT ON SIZE ERROR  

Precedence Rules.

Before After

1.

**

=

POWER

NN

2.

* /

= =

MULTIPLY DIVIDE

x ÷

3.

+ -

= =

ADD SUBTRACT

+ -

Compute IrishPrice = SterlingPrice / Rate * 100. 1000.50 156.25 87 179.59 87

156.25

Computational Exceptions – SIZE ERROR 

On Size error



Divide by zero

The ROUNDED option Receiving Field

Actual Result Truncated Result

PIC 9(3)V9.

123.25

123.2

PIC 9(3).

123.25

123

Rounded Result

123.3 123



The ROUNDED option takes effect when, after decimal point alignment, the result calculated must be truncated on the right hand side.



The option adds 1 to the receiving item when the leftmost truncated digit has an absolute value of 5 or greater.

The ON SIZE ERROR option Receiving Field PIC 9(3)V9. PIC 9(3)V9.

Actual Result 245.96 1245.9

PIC 9(3).

124

PIC 9(3).

1246

PIC 9(3)V9 Not Rounded

124.45

PIC 9(3)V9 Rounded

124.45

PIC 9(3)V9 Rounded

3124.45

SIZE ERROR

Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes



A size error condition exists when, after decimal point alignment, the result is truncated on either the left or the right hand side.



If an arithmetic statement has a rounded phrase then a size error only occurs if there is truncation on the left hand side (most significant digits).

Before WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-IN3

12.34 12.34

After WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-IN3

Before WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-IN4

12.34 12.34 24.6

After 12.34 12.34

WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-IN4

12.34 12.34 24.7

‘ON SIZE ERROR’ option Syntax Arithmetic statement [ON SIZE ERROR imperative statement . . .]

Examples (1) ADD NUM-1, NUM-2, NUM-3 TO NUM-4 ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM 900-EXIT-PARA. (2) DIVIDE NUM-1 BY NUM-2 ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM 800-ERROR-PARA.

Before WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-IN3 WS00-ERROR-IN3

12.34 12.34 0 N

After WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-IN3 WS00-ERROR-IN3

Before WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-IN4 WS00-ERROR-IN4

12.34 12.34 00 Y

After 1234 1234 246 N

WS00-IN1 WS00-IN2 WS00-IN4 WS00-ERROR-IN4

1234 1234 246 N

JUSTIFIED RIGHT clause .. example

*********************************************

Output SPOOL

WS00-OUT1 : ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ WS00-OUT2 :

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

*********************************************

MOVE CORRESPONDING •

Facilitates movement of value of sub-item of a group item to a similar named sub-item of another group item

Syntax MOVE { CORRESPONDING, CORR } identifier-1 TO identifier-2 where identifier-1 and identifier-2 are group items.

MOVE CORRESPONDING .. example

Output SPOOL

**************************** WS00-GR2 : NISHANT

00000

****************************

MOVE . . . OF . . . TO . . . OF Facilitates the movement of a particular field of a record to a particular field of another record. (in other words it facilitates movement of value of a individual/group item of one group item to an individual/group item of another group item). Example: MOVE NAME OF STUD-REC TO WS-NAME OF WS-STUD-REC.

LEGAL MOVES

Sending field

Receiving field Alphabe tic

Alphanu meric

Edited Alpha numer ic

Numeri c

Numeri c non integer

Edited numeri c

Alphabetic

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

Alphanumeri c

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Edited Alphanumeri c

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

Numeric

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Numeric non integer

N

N

N

Y

Y

Y

Edited

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y