Chm131 Experiment 1.docx

CHM131 EXPERIMENT 1 AS1201A TITLE: MEARUREMENTS: LENGTH, VOLUME, AND TEMPREATURE

PREPARED BY: NUR FATIHAH MAISARAH BINTI SALTO @ SUHARTO (2019502607)

PREPARED FOR: PUAN SYALIZA

DATE OF SUBMISSION:

TITLE Experiment 1- Measurements: Length, Volume, And Temperature

OBJECTIVE 1.

Identify units used in measurements.

2.

Correctly read a metre stick, graduated cylinder and thermometer.

3.

State the correct significant figures in measurements.

INTRODUCTION The world uses a variety of units to measure length. Scientists use the metric system in which the unit of length is meter (m). Using appropriate prefixes, one can indicate a length that is greater than a meter.

When a meter stick or other measuring device is used, the measurement must be reported as precisely as possible. The number of significant figures that can be included depend on the markings on the devices that is used. When a piece of data is recorded, the next to the last digit reported is the number represented by the smallest increment marked on the measuring instrument. The last digit is an estimate. If the quantity being measured is seen to fall exactly on a line marked on the measuring device, the last digit of the measured number is a significant zero. If the quantity being measured is seen to fall between two lines, an estimate is made as to the distance the quantity is between the lines. This estimated number becomes the last digit recorded for the measurement.

In this experimental procedures, graduated cylinders were used to determine the volumes of several substances. To read the volume of liquid properly, parallax error must be avoided. The cylinder should be set on a level surface and bring our eyes to level even with the top of the liquid. You will noticed that the liquid level is not a straight line, but curves down at the center. This curve, called a meniscus, is read at its lowest point (center) to obtain the volume measurement of the liquid.

Temperature can be measured by several different methods. One method uses the fact that when most liquids are heated, their volume increases are almost directly

proportional to the change of the temperature. A mercury-in-glass thermkmeter, the type that will be used in this experiment, is constructed of a very small diameter capillary tube connected to a relatively large reservoir of mercury in a bulb. As the mercury is warmed it expands into the capillary tube. The change in height of the mercury column can be calibrated to correspond to a temperature scale. The scale most often used by chemists is the Celcius scale in which the normal freezing point temperature of water is 0 ̊C and the normal boiling point temperature of water is 100 ̊̊C. ̊

APPARATUS 

Ruler or meter stick.



String.



10 mL pipet.



Graduated cylinders.



Thermometer.



Stirring rod.



Beaker.



Ice water.



Tap water.



Warm water.