Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm
CHARTS & GRAPHS FOR PRESENTATION TRAINING © 2008 alterNative Media
www.alternativemedia.biz Authors: Michael Sheyahshe (Caddo) aNm Chief Information Officer Mary Skaggs aNm Chief Financial Officer
1
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm
Table of Contents Section One: Chart Basics ............................................................................................................................. 6 Section Goals ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Charting Basics .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Create A Chart ........................................................................................................................................... 7 How worksheet data appears in the chart ............................................................................................... 8 Chart Tools…Where Did They Go? ............................................................................................................ 9 Change the chart view ............................................................................................................................ 10 Chart Titles .............................................................................................................................................. 11 Section Review ............................................................................................................................................ 12 Section Two: Customize the Chart .............................................................................................................. 13 Section Goals: .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Change the Chart’s Look ......................................................................................................................... 14 Format titles ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Format individual columns...................................................................................................................... 16 Add Your Chart to a PowerPoint Presentation (2007 only) .................................................................... 17 Section Review ............................................................................................................................................ 18 Section Three: Chart Types ......................................................................................................................... 19 Section Goals ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Column charts ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Clustered column and clustered column in 3‐D .................................................................................. 20 Stacked column and stacked column in 3‐D ....................................................................................... 21 100% stacked column and 100% stacked column in 3‐D .................................................................... 21 3‐D column .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Cylinder, cone, and pyramid ............................................................................................................... 22 Line charts ............................................................................................................................................... 22 Line and line with markers .................................................................................................................. 22 Stacked line and stacked line with markers ........................................................................................ 23 100% stacked line and 100% stacked line with markers .................................................................... 23 3‐D line ................................................................................................................................................ 23
2
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm Pie charts ................................................................................................................................................. 24 Pie and pie in 3‐D ................................................................................................................................ 24 Pie of pie and bar of pie ...................................................................................................................... 24 Exploded pie and exploded pie in 3‐D ................................................................................................ 25 Bar charts ................................................................................................................................................ 25 Clustered bar and clustered bar in 3‐D ............................................................................................... 25 Stacked bar and stacked bar in 3‐D .................................................................................................... 26 100% stacked bar and 100% stacked bar in 3‐D ................................................................................. 26 Horizontal cylinder, cone, and pyramid .............................................................................................. 26 Area charts .............................................................................................................................................. 26 2‐D area and 3‐D area ......................................................................................................................... 27 Stacked area and stacked area in 3‐D ................................................................................................. 27 100% stacked area and 100% stacked area in 3‐D ............................................................................. 27 XY (scatter) charts ................................................................................................................................... 27 Scatter with only markers ................................................................................................................... 29 Scatter with smooth lines and scatter with smooth lines and markers ............................................. 29 Scatter with straight lines and scatter with straight lines and markers ............................................. 29 Stock charts ......................................................................................................................................... 29 High‐low‐close ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Open‐high‐low‐close ........................................................................................................................... 30 Volume‐high‐low‐close ....................................................................................................................... 30 Volume‐open‐high‐low‐close .............................................................................................................. 30 Surface charts ......................................................................................................................................... 31 3‐D surface .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Wireframe 3‐D surface ........................................................................................................................ 31 Contour ............................................................................................................................................... 32 Wireframe contour ............................................................................................................................. 32 Doughnut charts ..................................................................................................................................... 32 Doughnut ............................................................................................................................................ 33 Exploded Doughnut ............................................................................................................................ 33 Bubble charts .......................................................................................................................................... 34
3
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm Bubble or bubble with 3‐D effect ........................................................................................................ 34 Radar charts ............................................................................................................................................ 34 Radar and radar with markers ............................................................................................................ 35 Filled radar .......................................................................................................................................... 35 Other types of charts that you can create in Excel ................................................................................. 36 Section Review ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Section Four: SmartArt As Representational Graphics ............................................................................... 38 Section Goals ........................................................................................................................................... 38 List‐type graphics .................................................................................................................................... 39 Lists with pictures ................................................................................................................................... 39 Process‐type graphics ............................................................................................................................. 40 Processes with numbered steps ............................................................................................................. 40 Continuing sequences ............................................................................................................................. 41 Hierarchy: An org chart ........................................................................................................................... 41 Hierarchy: Family of products ................................................................................................................. 42 Relationships: Radial and Venn ............................................................................................................... 42 Matrix ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 Pyramid ................................................................................................................................................... 43 Section Review ............................................................................................................................................ 44 Section Five: How to Create SmartArt Graphics ......................................................................................... 45 Section Goals: .......................................................................................................................................... 45 Convert a list to a graphic ....................................................................................................................... 46 Start With a Blank Graphic: Method 1 .................................................................................................... 47 Start With a Blank Graphic: Method 2 .................................................................................................... 48 Add text to the graphic ........................................................................................................................... 49 How text maps to shapes ........................................................................................................................ 50 Manipulating text and shapes................................................................................................................. 51 Try a different layout .............................................................................................................................. 52 Section Review ............................................................................................................................................ 53 Section Six: ‘Spit and Polish’ for Graphics ................................................................................................... 54 Section Goals: .......................................................................................................................................... 54
4
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm Presentation theme: Basis for how slides look ....................................................................................... 55 SmartArt styles: Example 1 ..................................................................................................................... 56 SmartArt styles: Example 2 ..................................................................................................................... 56 Change the style's colors ........................................................................................................................ 57 Use Shapes to Create .............................................................................................................................. 58 Create Graphics from Text ...................................................................................................................... 59 Update a Diagram from a Previous Version............................................................................................ 60 Section Review ............................................................................................................................................ 62
5
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Section n One: Chart Basicss Section n Goals •
Creating an Exxcel chart
•
Co ompare dataa with a secon nd chart
•
Refresh chart data
•
ols and get th hem back Fiind Chart Too
•
Change the ch hart type
Chartin ng Basics
A basic ch hart in Excel. Making a chart is easy using MS Offfice products. After you crreate a chart, you can custtomize it to su uit ds. For examp ple, you can aadd chart titlees to add morre information n to the chartt, or change h how your need chart elem ments are laid d out. You can n also use texxt and numbeers from a wo orksheet to make the conteents of a chart, as well as m many other ch hart odds and ends. The real ttrick then beccomes how to o make thesee graphics wo ork best for yo our specific p presentation.
6
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Create a a Chart
Create a cchart by clickiing a chart tyype in the Cha arts group on the Insert tab b. Here's an example Excel worksheett that shows h how many un nits of Northw wind Traders TTea were sold d by three saleespeople in eaach of three m months. From m this, you can create a chart that show ws how each salesperso on compares against the o others, month h by month fo or the first qu uarter of the yyear. To create a chart simillar to this, yo ou would do tthe followingg: Select the d data that you want to charrt, including the column tittles (January, February, M March) nd the row laabels (the saleesperson nam mes). an Then click tthe Insert tab b, and in the C Charts group,, click the Column button. You could select an nother chart type, but colu umn charts are commonlyy used to com mpare items and will get yo our po oint across. After you cllick Column, yyou'll see a nu umber of colu umn chart typ pes to choosee from. Click Clustered Colu umn, the first column chart in the 2‐D C Column list. A ScreenTip displays the chart provides a tyype name when you rest the pointer ovver any chart type. The ScrreenTip also p deescription of the chart typ pe and gives yyou information about wheen to use eacch one. Tip If yo ou want to change the chart type after yyou create yo our chart, click inside the cchart. On the Design tab under Charrt Tools, in the Type group p, click Change Chart Type, and select aanother chart type.
7
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
How wo orksheet d data appea ars in the chart
In this cha art, the data ffrom each wo orksheet cell iis a column. R Row titles (salespeople nam mes) are the cchart legend texxt on the righ ht, and column titles (montths of the yea ar) are at the bottom of th he chart. As you can see in this e example, Cen ncini (middle ccolumns) sold d the most tea in January aand Februaryy, but outdone by Giiussani in Ma arch. Data for each salespeerson appearss in three sep parate column ns, she was o one for eaach month. Th The height of each chart is proportional to the valuee in the cell th hat it represeents. The chart shows you how the salesp people stack up against eaach other, mo onth by montth. Each ‘saleesperson’ row w data has a d different colorr in the chart. The chart le egend, created from the ro ow titles in th he worksheett (salesperson n names), tells us which co olor representts the data fo or each salesperso on. Giussani d data, for exam mple, is the darkest blue, aand is the leftt‐most colum mn for each month. The legen nd can be adju usted, but wee’ll get to thatt later. On the lefft side of the chart, Excel h has created a scale of num mbers to help you to interp pret the colum mn heights. Tip Any changes thatt you make to o the worksheeet data afterr the chart is ccreated are in nstantly show wn in the chart..
8
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Chart T Tools…Where Did Th hey Go?
When you u create a cha art, Chart Too ols appear on the Ribbon, which includee the Design, Layout, and Format ta abs. After the chart is inserted on the worksheet, thee Chart Tools appear, with three tabs: D Design, Layou ut, mat. On these tabs you'll fin nd the commands you neeed to work with charts. Wh hen you comp plete and Form the chart,, click outside e it, and the C Chart Tools go o away. To geet them back, click inside the chart; the tabs reappear..
9
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Change e the chartt view
Different views of the ssame worksheet data. You can m make your chaart compare d data another way by clicking a button tto switch the chart view from one view to another. TThe earlier example chart ccompares salespeople to eeach other. Exxcel grouped data heet columnss and compared worksheett rows to sho ow how each salesperson ccompares agaainst by worksh the others. This is show wn in the charrt on the left in the picturee above. But anoth her way to loo ok at the dataa is to compare sales for eaach salespersson, month ovver month. To o create this view of the chart, click SSwitch Row/C Column in thee Data group on the Design tab. In the chart ouped by row ws and compaares worksheet columns. N Now the charrt says someth hing on the rigght, data is gro different: It shows how w each salespeerson did, mo onth by month compared a against themsselves. You can sw witch the chaart back to the original view w by clicking Switch Row/Column again n. Tip To kkeep both view ws of the data, select the ssecond view of the chart, copy it, and tthen paste it o on the workssheet. Then sw witch back to o the original view of the cchart by clicking in the origginal chart and d clicking Sw witch Row/Co olumn.
10
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Chart T Titles
Chart titlees give descrip ptive informa ation to your ccharts. You can ggive a title to tthe chart itseelf, as well as tto the chart aaxes (“ax‐eez”), which meaasure and describe tthe chart dataa. This chart h has two axes.. On the left sside is the verrtical axis (also known as the value or yy axis). This axxis is the scalee of numbers by which you u can interpreet the column n heights. Thee months of the year at tthe bottom aare on the horrizontal axis (also known aas the categorry or x axis). A quick w way to add chaart titles is to click the chart to select it and then go to the Chart Layouts group on the Design tab. Click th he More buttton to see all the layoutts. Each optio on shows diffeerent layouts that change th he way chart e elements are laid out. The picturre shows placceholders for a chart title aand axes titlees. You type th he titles direcctly in the chaart. The title for this chart is Northwind TTraders Tea, the name of the product. The title forr the vertical axis on the leeft is Cases So old. The title forr the horizonttal axis at thee bottom is Fiirst Quarter SSales. Tip Anotther way to e enter titles is on the Layout tab, in the LLabels group. There you caan add titles b by clicking Ch hart Titles and Axis Titles.
11
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm
Section Review 1. How do you create a chart in Excel? 2. You need to compare data another way, how do you create a second chart? 3. What must you do to refresh a chart when you revise the worksheet data that the chart displays? 4. You create a chart. But later on you don't see the Chart Tools. What do you do to get them back? 5. Can you change the chart type after you create a chart? How? 6. You want to add data labels above each column to show a value for each column. How can you do this?
12
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Section n Two: Cu ustomize tthe Chartt Section n Goals: •
Customize a ch hart
•
Change color sscheme Use C Chart Styles ggroup on the Design tab
•
A Add an Excel c chart to a Pow werPoint presentation
•
U Use the same Chart Tools tthat are in bo oth Excel & Po owerPoint 20 007.
A customiized chart. After you create your cchart, you can n customize it, give it a mo ore professional design, orr just make it u can apply to o more perssonalized for your audiencce. There are many differeent formattingg options you individuall columns to m make them sttand out.
13
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Change e the Chartt’s Look
Change th he look of you ur chart by ussing a chart sttyle to changee colors. When you u first create your chart, it's in a defaultt color. By using a chart styyle, you can aapply differen nt colors to aa chart instan ntly. 1. Click in the chaart. 2. Th hen on the Design tab, in tthe Chart Styyles group, click the More button ch hoices, and th hen click the sstyle you wan nt.
to see all the
•
Some of the styles change just the color of th he columns
•
d an outline aaround the co olumns Otherss change the color and add
•
While other styles aadd color to tthe plot area (the area bou unded by the chart axes)
•
Some styles add color to the chaart area (the eentire chart)
3. If you don't see what you w want in the Ch hart Styles gro oup, you can get other collor choices byy seelecting a diffferent theme.
14
•
Click the Page Layo out tab and th hen click Colo ors in the Themes group.
•
When you rest the pointer over a color, the ccolor is shown n in a temporrary preview o on the chart, which is different from m what happeens when you u look at a chart style.
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m •
You caan see a live p preview of thee color's effecct before you u apply it, saving you the sttep of und doing it if you don't like it.
•
Click the one you like to apply it to the chart.
Formatt titles
Add a colo or to your cha art and axis tiitles. If you'd likke to make th he chart or axxis titles stand d out more, u use WordArt. On the Form mat tab, in thee WordArt Styles group,, there are maany ways to w work with thee titles. In thee picture, a text fill, one of the n the group, h has been addeed to change the color. options in To use a ttext fill 1. Fiirst click in a ttitle area to sselect it 2. Th hen click the arrow on Texxt Fill
iin the WordA Art Styles grou up.
3. Rest the pointe er over any o of the colors to see the chaanges in the title. 4. When you see W a color you like, select it. 5. Teext Fill also in ncludes options to apply a gradient or aa texture to a title. Other opttions in the W WordArt Style es group: Textt Outline and d Text Effects,, which includ de Shadow, Reflection n, and Glow e effects.
15
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m To make ffont changes,, click Home, and then go to the Font ggroup or use tthe Mini toolb bar.
Formatt individua al columnss
Columns fformatted with shadows b behind them. To do thiss, you click on n one of the ccolumns. Thatt will select alll three colum mns (known as a series). 1. O On the Formatt tab, in the SShape Styles ggroup, you cliick the arrow w on Shape Efffects, point to o Sh hadow, and tthen rest the pointer on th he different shadow styles in the list. 2. Next, you clickk on one of th he columns to o select all thrree of those ccolumns and ffollow the same o the same for the rest of tthe columns. stteps. Then do
16
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Add Your Chart t o a PowerrPoint Presentation (2007 onlly)
Your Exceel chart in a Po owerPoint preesentation. It's easy to add your ch hart to a Pow werPoint preseentation. NOTE: If tthe chart dataa changes after you add th he chart to Po owerPoint, do on't worry. Ch hanges to thee chart data a in Excel are updated in th he chart in Po owerPoint as well. Copy the chart in Excel. Open PoweerPoint 2007. On the slide you want thee chart to be on, paste thee wer‐right corner the Paste e Options button appeears. Click thee button. You'll see chart. In tthe chart's low that Chartt (linked to Exxcel data) is sselected. Thatt ensures thatt any changess to the chartt in Excel will automaticcally be made e to the chartt in PowerPoint. That’s it !
17
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm
Section Review 1. What are the steps needed to change a chart’s style? 2. Where is the Chart Styles group located? 3. To add an Excel chart to a PowerPoint presentation you: 4. Are the same Chart Tools that are in Excel in PowerPoint 2007 as well?
18
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Section n Three: C Chart Typ pes Section n Goals •
Change the Co olumn chart ttype to comp pare values diirectly
•
Change chart ttype with right‐click comm mand on the shortcut men nu
•
Review differe ent Charts
19
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m With so m many chart typ pes available,, how do you know which is best for yo ou? Keep in m mind, the poin nt is to get you ur message across in the m most effectivve way. Differrent chart typ pes can deliveer different messagess about the saame data. It's like several vversions of a ssingle story— —for example,, the one abo out three saleespeople.
Column n charts Data that is arranged in columns orr rows on a worksheet can be plotted in n a column ch hart. Column charts aree useful for sh howing data cchanges over a period of time or for illu ustrating com mparisons amo ong items. In column n charts, categgories are typ pically organizzed along thee horizontal axis and valuees along the vertical axxis. Column ch harts have the following f chart subtypes:
Clusterred colum mn and clusterred column n in 3-D Clustered column chaarts compare values accross categorries. A clusterred column cchart displayss values in 2‐D D vertical rrectangles. A clustered collumn in 3‐D ch hart displays tthe data by using a 3‐D perspective only. A third valuee axis (depth axxis) is not useed.
You can u use a clustered column chaart type when n you have categories thatt represent: •
Ranges of valu ues (for example, item counts).
•
Sp pecific scale aarrangementss (for example, a Likert scaale w with entries, s uch as stronggly agree, agreee, neutral, disagree, stron ngly disagree)).
•
Names that are not in any sspecific orderr (for examplee, item names, ge eographic names, or the n names of people).
NOTE To p present data iin a 3‐D format that uses tthree axes (a horizontal axxis, a vertical axis, and a deepth
axis) that you can mod dify, use a 3‐D D column charrt subtype insstead.
20
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Stacked d column and a stacked column in i 3-D Stacked column n charts show w the relation nship of indiviidual hole, comparing the contribution of eacch iteems to the wh value to a total across categories. A stackked column ch hart dissplays values in 2‐D verticaal stacked recctangles. A 3‐D staacked column n chart displayys the data by using a 3‐D perspective only. A third value axis (depth axis) is not used. You can use a stacked column chart when yyou have mulltiple data seriees and when yyou want to eemphasize thee total.
100% stacked collumn and 100% 1 staccked colum mn in 3-D 100% staccked column charts and 10 00% stacked ccolumn in 3‐D D charts com mpare the pe ercentage that each value contributes to a total acro oss categoriess. A 100% staccked column chart displays values in 2 2‐D vertical 1 100% stacked rectangles. A A 3‐D 100% stacked co olumn chart d displays the d data by using a 3‐D perspeective only. A third value axiss (depth axis) is not used. You can u use a 100% staacked column n chart when you have thrree or more dataa series and yyou want to eemphasize thee contribution ns to the who ole, especiallyy if the total is the same for eeach category.
3-D colu umn 3‐D co olumn charts use three axees that you caan modify (a h horizontal axis, a verticaal axis, and a depth axis), aand they compare data points (individu ual valuess plotted in a chart and rep presented by bars, column ns, lines, pie o or doughnut slices, do ots, and various other shap pes called datta markers. D Data markers of the sam me color consttitute a data sseries.) along the horizonttal and the depth axes. You can u use a 3‐D column chart when you want to compare d data across th he categories and across th he series equ ually, because e this chart tyype shows cattegories alongg both the ho orizontal axis and the deptth axis, wherreas the vertiical axis displaays the values.
21
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Cylindeer, cone, an nd pyramiid Cylindeer, cone, and pyramid charrts are availab ble in the sam me clustered, sstacked, 100% sstacked, and 3 3‐D chart typees that are pro ovided for recctangular colu umn charts, and they sho ow and compare data the sam me way. The o only differencce is that these cchart types display cylinder, cone, and pyramiid shapes insttead of rectan ngles. .
Line ch harts Data that is arranged in columns orr rows on a worksheet can be plotted in n a line chart. Line charts ccan display co ontinuous datta over time, set against a common scale, and are th herefore ideal for showing trends in data at equall intervals. In a line chart, ccategory dataa is distributeed evenly alon ng the horizontal d evenly alon ng the vertical axis. axis, and aall value dataa is distributed You should d use a line ch hart if your category labels are text,, and are ng evenly spaced values su uch as representin months, qu uarters, or fisccal years. Thiss is especially true if there are multiple series—for one series, you should consider ussing a categorry chart. You should also o use a line ch hart if you havve several evenly spaced nu umeric labelss, especially yyears. If you h have more thaan ten numericc labels, use aa scatter charrt instead. ollowing chartt subtypes: Line chartts have the fo
Line an nd line with h markers Displayed d with markerrs to indicate individual data values, or without, line charts are usseful to show w trends over time or ord dered catego ories, especiallly when there are many data points an nd the order in which theey are presentted is important. If there aare many cateegories or thee values are aapproximate, use a line chart without marrkers.
22
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Stacked d line and stacked s lin ne with maarkers Displayed d with markerrs to indicate individual data values, or without, stacked line charts can n be used to sshow the tren nd of the conttribution of each vaalue over time or ordered categories, b but because itt is not easy to seee that the lin nes are stackeed, consider u using a differeent line chart typee or a stacked d area chart in nstead.
100% stacked line and 100% % stacked line with markers Disp played with m markers to ind dicate individu ual data valuees, or without, 100% staacked line charts are usefu ul to show thee trend of the perceentage each vvalue contrib butes over tim me or ordeered categoriees. If there arre many categgories or the valuees are approxximate, use a 100% stacked line chart witho out markers. TIP For a better presentation of this type of data a, consider ussing a 100% sstacked area cchart instead.
3-D linee 3‐D line charts show eaach row or co olumn of dataa as a 3‐ ntal, vertical, aand ribbon. A 3‐D line charrt has horizon depth axees that you caan modify.
23
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
D
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Pie chartss Data that is aarranged in one column or ro ow only on a worksheet caan be plotted in a pie chart. Piee charts show w the size of items in one data series (Pie ch harts have only one data seriies.), proportional to the sum off the items. TThe data points in n a pie chart aare d displayed as a a percentage of t the whole pie e. Consider using a pie ch hart when: •
ou only have one data series that you w want to plot. Yo
•
None of the vaalues that you u want to plott are negativee.
•
of the values tthat you want to plot are zzero values. Almost none o
•
ou do not havve more than n seven catego ories. Yo
•
Th he categoriess represent paarts of the wh hole pie.
Pie chartss have the following chart subtypes:
Piee and pie in n 3-D Pie ccharts displayy the contribu ution of each value to a tottal in a 2‐D D or 3‐D form mat. You can p pull out slices of a pie charrt manually to emph hasize the slicces.
Pie of pie p and barr of pie Pie of pie or bar of pie charts displaay efined values pie chartss with user‐de that are eextracted from m the main piie chart and combined in nto a secondary pie chart or into a staccked bar chartt. These chaart types are u useful when yyou
24
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m want to m make small slices in the maain pie chart eeasier to distinguish.
Explodeed pie and d exploded pie in 3-D D Exploded d pie charts display the con ntribution of each value to o a total while emphaasizing individ dual values. Exxploded pie charts ccan be displayyed in 3‐D format. You can n change the pie exp plosion settingg for all slicess and individu ual slices, but you can nnot move th he slices of an exploded piee manually. Iff you want to pull outt the slices maanually, consiider using a nstead. pie or pie iin 3‐D chart in
Bar cha arts Data that is arranged in columns orr rows on a worksheet can be plotted in n a bar chart. Bar charts illustrate comparisons among individual items.
Consider u using a bar chart when: • The axis labels aare long. • The values thatt are shown are durations. Bar chartss have the folllowing chart subtypes:
Clusterred bar and d clustered d bar in 3-D Clustered bar charts co ompare valuees across cateegories. In a organized alo ong clustered bar chart, the categories aare typically o he values along the horizo ontal axis. A the vertical axis, and th hart displays tthe horizontal rectangles in 3‐ clustered bar in 3‐D ch display the daata on three aaxes. D format; it does not d
25
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Sttacked barr and stack ked bar in 3-D 3 Sttacked bar ch harts show thee relationship p of individuaal iteems to the w whole. A stacked bar in 3‐D chart displayys the ho orizontal recttangles in 3‐D D format; it do oes not displaay the daata on three aaxes.
100% stacked barr and 100% % stacked bar in 3-D D This type of chart compares the perrcentage thatt each value ories. A 100% stacked bar in 3‐D contributees to a total aacross catego chart disp plays the horizzontal rectan ngles in 3‐D fo ormat; it doess not display the data on thrree axes.
Horizon ntal cylind der, cone, and a pyram mid These chartss are available in the samee clustered, stacked, and 10 00% stacked chart types tthat are proviided for rectangular b bar charts. Th hey show and d compare datta the same w way. The only diffference is thaat these chartt types display cylind der, cone, and d pyramid shaapes instead of horizontal rectangles.
Area ch harts Data that is arranged in columns orr rows on a worksheeet can be plo otted in an arrea chart. Areea charts emp phasize the magnitude of change o over time, and can be used to draw attention n to the total value across a trend. For exaample, data th hat plotted representts profit over time can be p in an areaa chart to emp phasize the to otal profit. By displayying the sum of the plotted d values,
26
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m an area ch hart also show ws the relatio onship of partts to a whole.. Area charrts have the fo ollowing charrt subtypes:
2-D areea and 3-D area hether they arre shown in 2 2‐D or in 3‐D, area charts Wh dissplay the tren nd of values o over time or o other categorry datta.3‐D area ch harts use threee axes (horizzontal, verticaal, and d depth) thatt you can mod dify. As a rulee, you should con nsider using aa line chart in nstead of a no onstacked areea chaart, because d data from one series can b be obscured b by datta from anoth her series.
Stacked d area and stacked area in 3-D D Stacked area charts dissplay the tren nd of the conttribution of eeach data. A stackeed area chart in 3‐ value over time or other category d D is displaayed in the saame way but uses a 3‐D peerspective. A 3‐D perspectivve is not a tru ue 3‐D chart — — a third valu ue axis (depth h axis) is not used.
100% stacked areea and 1000% stacked d area in 3-D 3 100% stacked areea charts disp play the trend d of the peercentage thaat each value contributes o over time or other category data. A 100% % stacked areaa chart in 3‐D D is d displayed in tthe same wayy but uses a 3 3‐D peerspective. A 3 3‐D perspectiive is not a true 3‐D chaart — a third value axis (deepth axis) is n not used.
XY (sca atter) charrts Data that is arranged in columns an nd rows on a w worksheet caan be plotted in an xy (scattter) chart. Sccatter charts sho ow the relatio onships amon ng the numeric values in seeveral data seeries, or plotss two groups of numbers as one series of xy coordin nates. A scatter chart has two o value axes, showing one set of numerric data alongg the horizonttal axis (x‐axiss) and anoth her along the vertical axis (y‐axis). It combines thesee values into ssingle data po oints and disp plays them in irrregular intervvals, or clusteers. Scatter ch harts are typically used forr displaying and comparingg numeric vvalues, such aas scientific, statistical, and d engineeringg data.
27
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m Consider using a scatte er chart when n: •
Yo ou want to ch hange the scaale of the horizontal axis.
•
Yo ou want to m make that axiss a logarithmicc scale.
•
Values for horizontal axis are not evenlyy spaced.
•
Th here are man ny data pointss on the horizzontal axis.
•
Yo ou want to efffectively disp play worksheeet data that includes pairss or grouped ssets of valuess and ad djust the inde ependent scales of a scatteer chart to reeveal more infformation about the group ped vaalues.
•
Yo ou want to sh how similarities between large sets of d data instead o of differencess between data po oints.
•
Yo ou want to co ompare manyy data points without regaard to time—tthe more data that you incclude in n a scatter chaart, the betteer the comparrisons that yo ou can make.
To arrangge data on a w worksheet forr a scatter chaart, you should place the xx values in one row or colu umn, and then enter the corrresponding yy values in thee adjacent rows or column ns.
Scatter ch harts have thee following chart subtyp pes:
28
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Scatter with only markers This type of chart compares pairs of values. Use a scatter chaart with data m markers but without lines when you use many d data points an nd connectingg lines would make the data moree difficult to rread. You can n also use thiss chart type w when you do n not have to show connectivity of th he data pointts.
Scatter with smoo oth lines an nd scatter with smoooth lines an nd markerrs
This tyype of chart d displays a smo ooth curve th hat connects the data p points. Smootth lines can b be without markeers. Use a smooth displayyed with or w line wiithout markers if there aree many data points.
Scatter with straiight lines and a scatterr with straightt lines and markers This type of chart displlays straight cconnecting lin nes between data points. SStraight lines can be displaayed with or withou ut markers.
Stock chaarts Data that is aarranged in columns or rows in a specific ord der on a workksheet can bee plotted in a sstock chart. A As its name implies, a sto ock chart is m most often useed to illustrate thee fluctuation o of stock pricees. However, this chart may also be used for ple, you could d use scientific datta. For examp a stock chartt to indicate tthe fluctuatio on of daily or annu ual temperatu ures. You must organize you ur data in the correct ordeer to create stock charts. The way stocck chart data is organized in the worksheeet is very imp portant. For example, to create a simp ple high‐low‐cclose
29
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m stock chart, you should d arrange you ur data with H High, Low, and Close enterred as column n headings, in n that order. Stock charts have the ffollowing chaart sub‐types:
High-loow-close The high‐low‐close sto ock chart is oftten used to illlustrate stock prices. It requires three series of values in the following order: high, low, and th hen close.
O Open-high-low-close This type of sto ock chart req quires four serries of valuess in the correcct high, low, and d then close). order (open, h
Volumee-high-low w-close This type of stock charrt requires fou ur series of vaalues in the co orrect order d then close). It measures volume by using two valu ue (volume, high, low, and axes: one for the colum mns that meaasure volume,, and the other for the stock pricces.
Voolume-open n-high-low w-close This type of stocck chart requires five seriees of values in n the correct o order (vo olume, open, high, low, and then close).
30
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Surface e charts Data th hat is arrangeed in colum mns or rows on a worksheet can be d in a surfacee plotted chart. A surface chaart is useful when you waant d optimum to find combinations betw ween two seets of data. Ass in a topogrraphic map, ccolors and paatterns indicaate areas tthat are in the same rrange of values. You caan use a surfaace chart w when both catego ories and dataa series are numeric values.. Surface ch harts have the following ch hart subtypess:
3-D surrface 3‐D surfacce charts show trends in values across ttwo dimensio ons in a contin nuous curve. Color bands in aa surface charrt do not reprresent the data series; theey representt the distinctio on between tthe values. Th his chart show ws a 3‐D view w of the data, which can be e imagined as a rubber sheeet stretched over a 3‐D co olumn ed to show reelationships between largee amounts of data chart. It iss typically use that may otherwise be e difficult to see.
Wirefraame 3-D su urface When displayed without color on the surrface, a 3‐D surface chart iis W called a wirefraame 3‐D surfaace chart. Thiss chart showss only the linees. A D surface chaart that is disp played withou ut color band ds on any surfface is 3‐D called a wirefraame 3‐D surfaace chart. Thiss chart showss only the linees.
31
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m NOTE A wireframe 3‐D surface chart t is not easy tto read, but this chart typee is useful forr faster plottin ng of
large dataa sets.
Contou ur Contour ccharts are surrface charts viewed from aabove, similarr to 2‐D topograph hic maps. In aa contour chaart, color band ds represent specific rangees of values. Th he lines in a co ontour chart connect interpolated poin nts of equal vvalue.
Wirefraame contou ur Wireeframe conto our charts aree also surface charts vieweed from abovee. With hout color bands on the su urface, a wireframe chart sshows only th he liness. NOTE Wireframe contour char rts are not easy to read. Yo ou may want to
use aa 3‐D surfacee chart instead d.
Doughn nut charts Data that is arranged in columns orr rows onlyy on a worksheet can be plotted in n a doughnut chart. Like a pie chart, a doughnut charrt shows the hip of parts to o a whole, but it relationsh can contaain more than n one data serries. NOTE Dou ughnut chartss are not easyy to
read. You may want to o use a stackeed d. column or stacked bar chart instead Doughnutt charts have the followingg chart subttypes:
32
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Dougghnut Doughn nut charts dissplay data in rings, where each ring rep presents a datta series. If percentagees are displayyed in data lab bels, each ring will total 10 00%.
Explodeed Doughn nut Much likee exploded pie e charts, exploded doughn nut charts display the conttribution of each value to a total w while emphasiizing individual values, butt they can con ntain more than one data series.
33
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Bubble charts Data that is arranged in columns on n a worksheeet so that x vaalues are listed in the first column an nd correspon nding y valuess and bubble size valuees are listed in n adjacent columns, can be plotted d in a bubble chart. For examp ple, you would organize yo our data as shown in the followingg example. Bubble ch harts have the e following ch hart subtypes:
Bubble or bubblee with 3-D effect Both h bubble charrt types comp pare sets of th hree values insteead of two. The third valuee determines the size of the b bubble markeer. You can ch hoose to disp play bubbles in 2‐D fformat or witth a 3‐D effecct.
charts Radar c Data that is arranged in columns orr d in a rows on aa worksheet ccan be plotted radar chart. Radar charts compare tthe aggregatee values of sevveral data series. Radar chaarts have the following chaart subtypes:
34
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Radar and a radar with mark kers With or withou ut markers forr individual daata points, raadar oint. chaarts display changes in values relative tto a center po
Filled radar In a filled radar chart, tthe area coveered by a dataa series is filleed with a colo or.
35
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm
Other types of charts that you can create in Excel If you do not see the chart type that you want to create on the list of available chart types, there may be another way to create it in Excel. For example, you can create the following charts: •
Gantt charts and floating column charts o
•
Combination charts o
•
To emphasize different types of information in a chart, you can combine two or more chart types in that chart. For example, you can combine a column chart with a line chart for an instant visual effect that might make the chart easier to understand.
Organization charts o
•
You can use a chart type to simulate these types of charts. For example, you can use a bar chart to simulate a Gantt chart, or you can use a column chart to simulate a floating column chart that depicts minimum and maximum values.
You can insert an SmartArt graphic to create an organization chart, flow chart, or hierarchy chart.
Histogram and pareto charts o
To create a histogram or pareto (sorted histogram) chart in Excel, you can use the Data Analysis Tools that become available after you load the Analysis ToolPak, an Excel add‐in program that is available when you install Microsoft Office or Excel.
36
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm
Section Review 1. What are the different charts? 2. Explain their use.
37
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Section n Four: Sm martArt A As Representationa al Graphiccs Section n Goals •
G Get familiar w with SmartArtt graphics
•
U Understand m main layout tyypes within SmartArt
Layouts fo or SmartArt ggraphics are ccollected in fu ull in the All category withiin the Choosee a SmartArt Graphic dialog box (shown in the an nimation). Then they're brroken down in nto these types: •
Liist
•
Process
•
Cyycle
•
Hierarchy
•
Relationship
•
M Matrix
•
Pyyramid
38
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m Note: Theese examples vary in termss of layout type but also in n terms of slid de design — m meaning the backgroun nd, color, and d fonts being used. The lasst lesson has d details aboutt designing yo our graphics.
Listtyp pe graphiccs Thiss SmartArt graaphic usess a layout from m the List ttype. The graaphic keep ps the verticaal list ideaa but breaks the geneeral conceptss, show wn in the shapes on the left, apartt from details — the d reseerved for the longger shapes, with smaller text, on tthe rightt. List layouts are typiccally for itemss that you want to group but n't follow a sttep‐by‐step p process. which don To keep teext size readaable, you'll waant to limit th he amount off text you putt in the shapees within the graphic.
Lists wiith picture es This graph hical list layou ut includes sshapes that are meant forr pictures you u insert. There's ro oom for descrriptive text in thee shapes on the right. There aree several othe er List layouts th hat include sh hapes for pictures — — saving you the trouble off having to po osition and size the pictures o once you outs do insert theem. These layo that workk for you.
39
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Proccesstype gra aphics The SSmartArt grap phic here uses a Proceess‐ type layout that contaains repeating shapes and one lo ong, ding arrow to wind conn nect each step p and show w a directionaal flow.. You could substtitute any shaapes for th hese if you wantted to use stand dard flowchart shapees to represent types o of steps. There aree over 30 type es of layouts ffor processes, and they oftten include co onnecting arrrows to show w direction or progressio on — be it forr phases in the developmeent of a plan o or product; po oints in a timeeline; elements com mbine in any ffashion to pro oduce a result. or a depicction of how e
Processses with numberred steps This Proceess‐type layout includes sshapes that w work well for in ncluding numbers for the steps.. The arrow ws keep the timeline id dea and hold the text that d describes eacch phase. This layout emphasizes the broad Other ones miight picture. O give moree emphasis to o the textual deetails of the steps.
40
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Continu uing seque ences Wash, rinse, repeat: Th hat's a short wayy to describe content fo or the Cycle ttype of SmartA Art graphic. This type illusttrates a circullar, or repeatingg, process. Examples might include or animal life product o cycles, an ongoing writting or a and publisshing cycle fo Web site, or the performance review an n employeee works towarrd yearly thaat starts with goal‐ setting, in nvolves period dic checkpoin nts, and culminates at year's eend — then starts over. The layou ut above effecctively shows both the cycle and how each piece of iit fits into a w whole.
Hierarcchy: An org g chart A typical u use for this Sm martArt graphic type, calleed Hierarchy,, is the compaany organizattion chart. Th he pictu ure uses the laayout thatt's most geareed towaard showing aa com mpany's hierarrchy of po ositions. Therre are variouss hieraarchical layou uts, thou ugh. A hierarcchy migh ht show a deccision tree or family of prod ducts. See thee next section for anoth her exam mple.
41
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Hierarcchy: Familly of produccts This Hieraarchical layou ut shows the brancches of a family of outdoor eequipment. It works vertically,, using shape size, text, and color‐‐coding to maake the levels cleaar.
Relationships: Ra adial and Ven nn The Relationship‐type layouts cover a range of d diagram typess, including raadial, Venn, and target. These depict a connection betweeen two or mo ore sets of things or inform mation. typically d The SSmartArt graphic show wn here usess a Converging Radiaal out, in which layo seveeral elementss relatte to or affect one centtral thing. TThe Basic Ven nn layo out, consistingg of two or more overrlapping circlees, show ws how areass or concepts overlap and come together at th he ceenter intersecction. The Basic TTarget layout is used to sho ow containmeent, gradations, or hierarcchical reelationships.
42
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Matrix The Matrix layout type e p of shows thee relationship components to a whole, depict more and can d complex rrelationships by using axess, such as the e example h here. This layou ut is called a G Grid Matrix. Eaach axis functtions to show aa range in term ms of cost and o of craft. The layout itself inclu udes the quadrantss and the axe es, but it's set up p so you can aadd, outside th he axes, whattever labels app ply.
Pyramiid The Pyram mid‐type layo outs show pro oportional, fo oundation‐bassed, or hierarrchical relatio onships or processes that typicaally upward. build u This exxample showss an ever‐reefining processs that starts with d gathering unfiltered data, sshown at the bottom m, continues upward with sifting througgh the data an nd toward d drawing conclusions about itt. The layout is designed to give yo ou more room m for text as the pyramid ws. narrow And so yo ou've gotten aa look at what SmartArt grraphics can lo ook like, contaain, and do. In the next lessons, yyou'll see how w to create, w work with, and d polish them.
43
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm
Section Review 1. When might you use a SmartArt graphic? 2. What does the main layout types within SmartArt graphics look like? 3. How do you change the layout of the a SmartArt graphic?
44
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Section n Five: Ho ow to Crea ate SmarttArt Graphics Section n Goals: •
Co onvert a bulleted list to a SmartArt graaphic
•
In nserting a blaank SmartArt graphic
•
Sw wap one grap phic layout fo or another
•
U Use Text pane e to add or remove a shap pe from the grraphic
You've go otten an overvview of the tyypes of SmartA Art graphics a available. Now, get the nu uts and bolts ffor how to creeate one.
45
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Converrt a list to a a graphic
You can convert a list b by clicking its text, clickingg Convert to SSmartArt Graphic on the Ribbon, and choosing one of the layyouts shown in the galleryy that opens. You can see aa preview of tthe SmartArt graphic's layout on the e slide merelyy by pointing tto a layout th humbnail in th he gallery. When you u're convertin ng a list, manyy of the layou uts that appeaar in the galleery are of thee List layout tyype, but other types are the ere, too, to su upport a rangge of content.. If what you want isn't in tthe initial gallery, e SmartArt G Graphics at the bottom of tthe gallery to open the full gallery of Sm martArt layou uts. click More This conveersion featuree applies to teext only, with hin a placehollder or any otther shape. NOTE: On nly PowerPoin nt 2007 has th he ability to convert existin ng text or a lisst to a SmartA Art graphic. FFor existing diagrams, therre's a way to update them to be SmartA Art graphics, but that is seeparate from tthis on feature; that process is shown at thee end of the th hird lesson. conversio Don't ove eruse Becau use PowerPoint 2007 makees it so easy tto convert a liist to a graphic, it can be tempting to convert evvery list you'vve got. But bee judicious in using the feature. Be suree that a graphical mation be seen n, remembered, and undeerstood. And kkeep in mind that format really is helpingg your inform metimes a plaain text list is more effective than a graaphic. for peoplee with vision disabilities orr dyslexia, som
46
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Start W With a Blan nk Graphicc: Method 1
When you u want to starrt with a grap phic that you will type textt into, open th he main gallery of layouts ffor SmartArt graphics, and d choose one.. The most ob bvious route tto the gallery is from the In nsert tab on tthe he picture. Ribbon, ass shown in th Here are tthe steps: On the Inse ert tab, click SSmartArt. Click the typ pe of graphic you want. Click one off the layouts sshown. A larger exaample of the layout and a description aappear in the preview areaa. You click OK K to put the layout on the slide. What if yo ou want to sw wap the layou ut for anotherr one? You can easily do th hat. You'll seee how later in the lesson.
47
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Start W With a Blan nk Graphicc: Method 2
In PowerP Point 2007, th here's another way to inserrt a SmartArtt graphic: Clicck the SmartA Art graphic ico on that is parrt of many sliide layouts. Th The picture illu ustrates this. Click th he SmartArt ggraphic icon tthat's part of the slide layo out. The Sm martArt graph hic gallery opeens so that yo ou can choosee a layout. To get this group of ico ons on a slidee, you need to o apply a slidee layout that includes it. Yo ou'll work witth slide layouts in the praactice session. One advantage to this method is that the graphiic is always in nserted within n the placeho older that con ntains the icon. ((The placeholder is the bo ox with the do otted border tthat surround ds the slide's main contentt.) That's maainly an issue if your slide layout includees two placeh holders that ccould contain the graphic. If you insertt the graphic using the Sm martArt graphic icon in the desired placeeholder, you know it will b be inserted w where you waant it.
48
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Add tex xt to the grraphic
Every Sma artArt graphicc contains a TText pane, wh hich you can cchoose to usee or not. The p pane is for typ ping the graph hic's text and ffor making otther types of edits to the g graphic. You ccan also workk directly in th he graphic. As is show wn in the pictture: The Text paane sits to thee side of the ggraphic. You type yo our text in thee pane. The text appears automaatically in thee correspondiing shape in tthe graphic. Notice that the graphic ccomes with default text so o that you gett a sense of w where your text w will go. If you find d it frustratingg to select an nd work within the shapes in the graphic, you'll welcome the Textt pane. No more fiddlingg with shape selection in o order to type — just focus on and work with text witthout e graphic. being disttracted by the By contrast, if you preffer to type directly into shapes in the graphic, do thaat. Or go backk and forth, aas it suits you. In any case, the Text panee is handy if yyou've got lotts of text to put in, or if you want a spacce for organizingg text. You caan also manip pulate (add, delete, and mo ove) text and shapes by w working from tthe Text panee.
49
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m Accessibillity benefit If you use a sscreen readerr, the Text pane gives you a way to read d and create a graphic on n a slide, as lo ong as you'ree in editing vieew.
How tex xt maps to o shapes
The type o of layout you choose for th he SmartArt g graphic determ mines how teext in the Textt pane maps tto shapes in the graphic. The picturres above sho ow how text iis treated diffferently with two differentt layouts. In tthe picture on n the left, the laayout supports top‐level teext in one sett of shapes, th he primary on nes that havee the arrows between tthem. The second‐level teext, indented in the Text paane, appears in the lower shapes, whicch are also slighttly indented aand include a bullet. By contrast, in the picture on th he right, the layout puts alll the text, first‐‐level and seccond‐level, intto one shape. It indicates the second‐leevel text by using bullets aand a smaller fo ont. So, how yyour text is diisplayed depeends on the la ayout you choose. More abo out text and layouts Som me layouts maay not contain n enough main points or leevels in their shapes to o accommodate your text. If so, a red X shows by thaat text in the TText pane. If you apply another layout wh hose shapes d do accommod date all the teext, the text then appears in the graphicc. But if you ssave the presentation while e using the layyout that didn n't show som me of the text,, that text will be lost. Automatiic text sizing As you typee, PowerPointt adjusts font size so that ttext fits within the shapes.. When you u're through ttyping in all yyour content, if some of the font sizes aaren't to your liking, you caan resize text within indivvidual shapes.
50
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Manipu ulating tex xt and shap pes
For examp ple, when you u add a new ffirst‐level bullet in the Texxt pane, a new w set of shapees is added in n the same relaative position in the graphiic. (In this layout, the main n shape autom matically inclu udes the secondaryy shape, for yyour second‐leevel text.) By deletin ng text or changing its indeent in the Texxt pane, you ccan also delette shapes. You'll get more practice w working in the e Text pane in n the upcomin ng practice seession. Of coursee, you can work within the graphic itselff to add and rremove shapees and anythiing else you w want to do — aand that may be your prefeerence. Just b be aware thatt you can worrk from the Text pane to d do more than n type in textt.
51
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Try a diifferent la ayout
What if yo ou decide you u want a diffeerent layout aaltogether? Yo ou can easily switch to ano other one. With the grraphic selecteed on the slidee, click the Deesign tab in SmartArt Tools. (These tools are avvailable when never the graphic is selected.) Click a layout thumbnail in the Layouts group. That layoutt is applied to the graphic. Tip: Resett a graphic If you've alterred the structture of the graaphic by addiing and deleting sshapes or don ne other custo omizations, and you want to start over,, click Reset Graphic: This resets the wh hole graphic. It's on the Deesign tab in SSmartArt Toolls. If you onlyy want to go back a few stteps, you can use Undo Toolbar.
on the Quicck Access
52
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm
Section Review 1. You want to convert a bulleted list to a SmartArt graphic. What are the first steps? 2. You learned a couple of different methods for inserting a blank SmartArt graphic: You can click the SmartArt button on the Insert tab, or you can click the SmartArt graphic icon from within a slide layout. What's one advantage to using the latter method? 3. How do you swap one graphic layout for another? 4. How can You can work from the Text pane to add or remove a shape from the graphic?
53
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Section n Six: ‘Spit and Poliish’ for Grraphics Section n Goals: •
G Give a SmartA Art graphic a 3 3‐D look
•
U Use different c colors within n the currently applied the eme
•
A Apply a soft ed dge and speccial outline arround just on ne shape
•
Sttart over from m scratch
•
Ed dit the org ch hart by adding and removing type
Now, explore the world of design th hat's availablee for SmartArrt graphics. W Work with galleries of stylees o make a grap phic look professional and polished. Seee, too, how th he overall dessign and color variations to design of you ur graphics. of the preesentation, caalled a themee, affects the d Style aand color varriety exxist at the leveel of ind dividual shapes and text within a graaphic, too. Visual efffects such as shadows and gllows can be applied tto selected shapess and theeir text, to make theem stand outt. Fin nally, learn ho ow to deeal with diagraams thaat you have from old der presentattions. Do o you want to upggrade them to o look like SSmartArt grap phics? Or do yyou want them to retain th heir original aappearance? Get an idea o of your choicces and whatt to expect.
54
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Presenttation theme: Basis for how slides look k
Before wee go into how w you can worrk with specifiic styles and ccolors for you ur SmartArt grraphic, we ha ave to mention tthemes. A theeme supplies tthe design of f the whole prresentation, a and it is the ba asis for how a all slides and d slide elemen nts look. The first slid de shown herre has the bassic PowerPoin nt theme app plied, called O Office Theme. It's th he plainest th heme and is applied by deffault. The second slide is the same slide witth a different theme applieed, called Mo odule. As you see, the graphiccs look quite different justt because of tthe theme. Th he theme dettermines the backgroun nd design, slid de colors, plaaceholder layo out, text posiitioning, and ffont styles. Working w within the the eme, you can n select differeent styles and d color variations just for tthe SmartArt graphic.
55
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
SmartA Art styles: Examplle 1 There is a default style e applied to the graaphic when it''s first inserted, but you can cchoose a one. For exam mple, the different o picture sh hows the sam me graphic you saw p previously, wiith the Office Theeme still applied to the slide — bu ut now a diffe erent style is ap pplied to the ggraphic. The earlieer style, called d Simple Fill, is replaced by one called Intense Efffect. The new sstyle keeps w within the basic colo or range of the default theme, but now the big shapees are roundeed, or beveled d, at the edgees, and they have a shiny highlight at th he top. Look closely to seee the reflectio on added at the bottom. Also, the long shapes h holding the seecondary textt have a highllight at the faar right, and a shadow at th he bottom, ggiving them dimension.
Sma artArt styles: Exa ample 2
Jusst as a presen ntation has an n assortmentt of themes avvailable to givve it its overa all look, each llayout for a SSmartArt grap phic has a range of styles available to iit.
56
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
In this example, o one of the sstyles in the 3 3‐D categgory is applieed, called Cartoon. It does even n more to make the sshapes seem slightly lifted off tthe hapes slide. The main sh havee a bevel and highllight on eitheer end. And the longg pes have a sim milar shap highllight all alongg the top aand bottom. TThe dark color of the maain shapes is uniform, suggesting a flatter, shin nier
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm finish, unlike the more gradient, or gradual, color in the first style. You'll see the full range of styles in a layout when you do the practice session. But in brief, here are some things you'll find within styles: •
Color‐shade variations that stick within the current color range.
•
Different treatment of shape fills and borders.
•
Varying dimensionality: shapes can look flat to rounded to fully dimensional (two‐sided) to tilted.
•
Visual effects such as reflection, shadows, and glows.
Change the style's colors Though the current style for the SmartArt graphic includes colors, you can change the colors by using the gallery that's shown in this picture. The gallery is on the Design tab within SmartArt Tools on the Ribbon. It's in the SmartArt Styles group. To change the style's colors: Click Change Colors, next to the style choices. Point to any color variation. Look at the preview on the graphic. As usual, click the thumbnail to apply the colors. The color choices use the spectrum of colors that are part of the presentation theme. They're divided by row into the primary colors of the scheme, shown at the top, and the accent colors — which on your slides are used for a range of things, such as color fills and hyperlink text. The Colorful section mixes up the accent colors into various combinations. The rows such as Accent 1 and Accent 2 use shades of one of the accent colors, applied in different ways. If you change the theme for the presentation, your graphic's colors will be updated to match the new theme.
57
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Use Sha apes to Cre eate
The style yyou've applieed to the grap phic has given n it a great loo ok. Yet there''s more you ca an do, workin ng at the level o of individual sshapes within n the graphic. You do this o on the Format tab within SSmartArt Toolls. Select the sshape or shap pes you want to change. In n the picture, we've selecteed several shapes. On the Form mat tab, lookk in the Shape e Styles group p for Shape Efffects, and cliick its arrow. Choose from m the effects, such as the Shadow effects. Or choosee a different b bevel, a reflecction, or a glo ow. There's also a gallery o of styles, to th he left of this menu, thaat are just forr shapes.
58
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Create Graphics f from Text t
A similar d degree of cusstomizing is possible for the text in the SSmartArt grap phic as for sh hapes. As the picture sh hows, right neext to the Sha ape Styles is another collection of galleriies with styless and effects for text, calleed WordArt Sttyles. To apply W WordArt form matting to yo our text: Select the sshapes that co ontain the texxt you want tto format. On the Form mat tab, clickk the arrow neext to Quick SStyles. (This iss in the Word dArt Styles gro oup.) Pick a Word dArt style. It w will apply to aall the text in the selected shapes. In this gro oup you've alsso got galleriees for color fill, outline styyle, and visuall effects that include shado ow, reflection, and glow. Tip You can use the FFormat tab fo or other workk with shapes. For examplee, replace onee shape with another; rresize shapess; and rearran nge shapes byy aligning them, moving th hem forward o or back in ord der on the slid de, or rotating them.
59
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Chaarts & Grraphs fo or Preseentation © aNm m
Update e a Diagram m from a P Previous V Version
Options w with previous versions. Here's thee background d: When you ffirst open a diagram, such as an org chaart, that you ccreated in PowerPoint 2003 or eaarlier, the diagram isn't editable. When n you double‐click the diaggram, the Diaggram on dialog box appears. It o offers two opttions: Conversio The first o option is to co onvert the diaagram to a Sm martArt graph hic. The conveersion appliess an appropriiate layout, a d default style, and colors frrom the curreent theme, wh hich you can change as you like. The converted d diagram hass available to it all the design and formaatting tools o of any SmartA Art graphic. Note: Thiss process mayy significantlyy transform th he look of thee diagram, an nd if it has an animation applied to o it, this might not play exaactly as expeccted. The second option iss to convert th he diagram in nto shapes that you can fo ormat. If you w want to maintain absolutee fidelity to th he diagram's o original look aand behavior, you'll prefer this choice. After you convert a diaagram into sh hapes, you can use all the fformatting op ptions availab ble to any shaape in wing Tools, wh hich apply to shapes and p placeholders, and are not p part PowerPoint (these are part of Draw of SmartA Art Tools). Notes 1. Converting to SmartArt graphic. Once co onverted, if th his diagram iss opened in an earlier verssion off PowerPoint, it won't be eeditable as a diagram, but will instead o open as a pictture.
60
© 2008 alte erNative Med dia – www.altternativemed dia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm 2. If you make no significant changes to it and then reopen it in PowerPoint 2007, it will be editable as usual, as a SmartArt graphic. 3. You can use this conversion feature for diagrams as old as PowerPoint 2000. 4. Converting to editable shapes If you convert the diagram to shapes, it isn't updated to use a SmartArt graphic layout and style, or exact colors from the theme, and none of the galleries on the Design tab in SmartArt Tools are available. 5. Significantly, this choice means that the diagram is editable by someone opening it up in PowerPoint 2003 or earlier.
61
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz
Charts & Graphs for Presentation © aNm
Section Review 1. You want to give a SmartArt graphic a 3‐D look. On which tab will you find this style? 2. If you want an entire graphic to use different colors within the currently applied theme, what's the best thing to do? 3. You want a soft edge and special outline around just one shape. Where do you find this type of formatting? 4. You've applied a WordArt style to some text in a shape, but now you don't like it and want to start again with fresh text, pre‐WordArt. What would you do? 5. You're editing an old presentation that contains an organization chart. You've already converted some bulleted lists to SmartArt graphics, and you want your organization chart to have a similar look. You also have to edit the org chart by adding and removing a few names in it. What should you do?
62
© 2008 alterNative Media – www.alternativemedia.biz