Chapter Iii

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter contains the subjects of the study, research design used, instruments used and procedure used in gathering data and statistical tools that were used.

Subjects of the Study This study was conducted among Fourth Year students of four private schools in Iligan City, MSU-IIT Coop Academy, St. Therese Academy, Sacred Heart High School and Corpus Christi Parochial School during the second grading period of school year 2008-2009. A total of 126 respondents come from these private schools: 16 from MSU-IIT Coop Academy; 20 from Corpus Christi Parochial School of Iligan; 30 from St. Therese Academy; and 60 from Sacred Heart High School.

Research Design Used This study used the one-group pretest-posttest design which is one of the most frequently used quasi-experimental research designs in which a certain group of research participants or subjects is pretested, given some treatment or independent variable manipulation, then post tested. If the pretest and posttest scores differ significantly, then the difference may be attributed to the independent variable.

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Methods Used The tricks and games used were based on different sources. The researchers utilized the World Wide Web or the Internet, books, journals like the Physics Teachers Journal and suggestions from physics teachers. The chosen tricks and games was then modified and validated through physics teachers. After subjecting the tricks and games to content and face validity that was done to construct a valid test, this was then tested among the respondents in the aforementioned schools. The students were given first the pretest and the preattitude test questionnaires, which

were personally distributed

by

the

researchers. Then, the researchers presented the tricks and the students performed the games. But, this was supplemented by a brief discussion centering on the presentation and games. Shortly after this, equivalent posttest and post-attitude test questionnaires were distributed. Papers were checked and the data gathered among four schools was analyzed through the use of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) except for Chi-Square Statitics. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire was also determined using Cronbach alpha in SPSS.

Instruments to Be Used The instruments used in gathering data were the attitude and test questionnaires. The attitude test is composed of 10 items that aims at identifying

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qualitatively the student’s attitude towards Physics before and after the treatment. The test questionnaires were used for the pre-test and post test which consisted of 15 item questions regarding the concepts on Newton’s three Laws of Motion. The researchers based some of the test questions from the Internet and physics books.

Statistical Tools Used As soon as the data were collected, these were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. These were the statistical tools used in this research: a.) Paired T-test

Where: dav is the mean difference ( SD is the standard deviation of the differences between all the pairs N is the number of pairs. b.)

Chi-Square Test

Where: χ2 = Chi-square f (a) = actual or observed frequency of observations in a cell

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f (e) = expected frequency or number of observations in a cell in the theoretical distribution c.) Analysis of Variance Test

Sum of Squares Total

Sum of Squares Between Groups

Sum of Squares Within Groups

Mean Squares between Groups

Mean Squares within Groups

F statistic

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