Chapter-1.docx

Chapter 1 The Problem Background of the Study A team’s success is mostly measured by its season record and overall amount of victories, yet winning is only a minor part of success. Success alone does not make a team great until it is paired with effective coaching. Effective coaching runs deeper than wins and losses, it also includes reaching athletes on an individual level. Coaches who focus on positive, personal relationships with their athletes are ensuring success beyond their record on the field. (Ohio University, 2016) It is stated in the study that the quality of the athletes may depend upon the training program of a coach and desire to improve the athlete’s performance through training. In this field, experiences of coaches plays a vital role for it molds his capabilities to train an athlete, which reflects who and what ‘their athletes have become because of the said experiences. (Chulyao, et.al, 2018) The majority of an athletic coach’s work occurs before and after a game or match, and much of that work includes administrative duties. Coaches are responsible for meeting

the goals of the organization for which they work, addressing financial and legal issues, coordinating training, facilitating competitions and helping with fundraising. To prepare for a career in coaching, learn the specific coaching skills of the sport, how to manage an athletic program and how to work with a variety of personality types. (S. Ashe-Edmunds, N.D) Coaches have an important role in athlete’s life. Researches says that in this days coaches perform roles as many and as varied as the spares of activity. The coach is not just a purveyor of skills, instead a communicator, evaluator, guidance counselor, motivator, trainer, developer of materials, and training manager. (Saturnino, 2009) The coaching profession is most appropriately characterized by the profound uniqueness of its nature. A coach is at once a teacher, a psychologist, a father/mother figure and other roles which he or she finds it expedient or necessary to assume, at given time. It is a volatile and often unpredictable profession involving numerous and concurrent pressures. (G.F Acosta, 2018) As well as Topend Sports(2018) stated coaches assist the athletes in developing their potential and it’s the

coach who is responsible for the athletes training in the sport by analyzing their performance, instructing in relevant skills, and by providing encouragement and including the guide in life and their chosen sport. Topend sport also mention that “the role of the coach will be many and varied, from instructor, assessor, friend, mentor, facilitator, chauffer, demonstrator, adviser, supporter, fact finder, motivator, counselor, organizer, planner and the fountain of all knowledge. With all of these coach roles presented there are actually more to be added; according to Chulyao and et.al (2018) the coach is sometimes regarded as a stranger, an enemy, and a model for athletes, and as an idealist so, the coach play many roles there are some of which are contradictory to others, for this reason, coach must be experienced enough to tolerate ambiguity and uncertainly. As stated above coaches play an important role in athlete life.

S. Ashe-Edmunds explained that its part of a

coach’s duty is to train athletes for peak performance. This includes training the athlete in ways that help her learn, practice and master the technical and tactical skills of the sport; teaching players to work together if it’s a team sport; working on physical conditioning,

nutrition and mental toughness; and setting team and individual goals. During practice sessions, coaches use drills to isolate and improve individual skills such as hitting, dribbling, shooting, passing, catching and throwing. Practices also include game-like training and practice, including simulated matches, games and scrimmages. S. Johnson, et.al (2011) added that the coaching profession is ever-changing and coaches at each level of sport completion need to know more than just the Xs and Os in order to be successful. As the primary individuals tasked with developing athletes and helping them achieve their goals, coaches should acquire a working knowledge of all area affiliated with performance enhancement. Specially, the disciplines of sports administration, sport medicine, strength and conditioning, and sports psychology can assist coaches while physically and mentally training their athletes. According to K. Mannie

strength training has become

such an integral part of an athlete’s training regimen over the past several decades that you would assume it is universally accepted as standard operating procedure. However, judging from some of the correspondence I receive

from coaches around the country, there still appears to be a fairly large contingent of well-meaning coaches who are recipients of push-back regarding strength training’s efficacy and overall benefits. Whether the concerns stem from uninformed parents/guardians, misguided coaches or athletic directors, or antiquated gender stereotyping and misconceptions, strength training still receives a bad rap in some small, restricted circles. The training program serves as the lesson plan coaches. If used effectively, this can elevate the performance of the athletes to the fullest. When designing the training plan, it is important to match the plan to the athletes fitness and skill level. It is important to review the plan frequently and adjust it as required. To get the most benefit from training, it is important to use various techniques since they have different purposes. (chulyao, et.al, 2018) Since there are a lot of sports in the world coaching and training will be a hard work for the coach. Based on the record of World Sports Encyclopaedia (2003); there are 8,000 indigenous sports and sporting games invented and played by the different country. And in the Philippines there are six major sports: basketball, badminton, tennis,

football, billiards, and volleyball. Despite being a tropical nation, ice skating has recently become a popular sport in the Philippines. Sports such as athletics, weightlifting, aerobics, and martial arts are also popular recreations. One of the most common sports played in the country is volleyball. It is a popular team sport in which two teams of six players separated by a net; hit a large ball back and forth over a high net and each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since Tokyo 1964. Volleyball is a game where it requires a great strength to play. And according to G.J. Connolly to be a great court volleyball player should have to be powerful, energetic, graceful, and able to handle the ball with finesse. This kind of spectrum of requirements calls for a unique training regimen. There are a lot of different ideas about how to best accomplish this goal, but most coaches and experts agree that it is important to undergo a course of training that includes a wide variety of different kinds of exercises that will help you develop all of these abilities.

Volleyball is a team sport that requires great skill and can be very rewarding when played properly. Certainly considered to be both a competitive and leisurely activity, it can be played by school teams, professional athletes and families enjoying a day at the beach. (FitnessHealth101, 2017) In working out the ideal training regimen for volleyball – you need to give equal weight to the physical and mental sides of the game. You could say pretty much the same thing for any sport of course – but other sports demand more mental prowess, like golf for example, whilst others are arguably more physical – like football. But volleyball demands equal measures of both. (Dan Blewett, 2011) Volleyball places a large number of demands on the technical and physical skills of a player. During the course of play, players are required to serve, pass, set, attack, block and dig the ball. Playing volleyball requires flexibility, good balance, upper and lower body strength and speed in order to be played effectively. (FitnessHealth101, 2017) G. Rollins (2016) stated that many people who want to improve their volleyball game spend a lot of time

practicing important moves like serving and spiking the ball. These are the fundamentals of the game, and unless you can serve accurately and spike with a lot of force, you will probably not be able to lend your team very much support. It is important to gain some mastery of these elements of volleyball before you start to focus on other, less crucial aspects of your performance. Once you have a solid grasp on the key maneuvers of the game, it is time to move on to making sure that you are the strongest, quickest athlete you can be. Having a great spike won’t prove to be very useful if you can never get to the ball! It is important to train both the lower and the upper body to be a great volleyball player. You will need strong arms and shoulders in order to send the ball flying, so weight lifting to improve your biceps and other upper body muscles is a key part of any volleyball training regimen. It is also important to spend some time developing your legs and lower body, especially the calves and gluts because this can help you send your jumps sky high. Strong legs are the powerhouse that fuels a good volleyball team member. A player who has the time and dedication to improve all of these different muscle groups will have quite an advantage over a competitor who has concentrated solely on

one or the other. Once you have improved your strength and your skill, it is time to focus on agility. The lighter you can be on your feet, the safer and more effective a player you will become. Court volleyball is very much about being able to move quickly while avoiding collisions with other players. Any volleyball athlete can benefit from improving his or her reflexes. Most injuries on the court happen when players crash into each other while running, jumping, or diving for the ball. If you can learn to respond instantaneously to the movements of other players you will able to protect yourself and your teammates from this kind of common, and often painful, mishap. As mention by Dan Blewett, the volleyball player should pay attention to The Lats & Anterior Core; the Forearms, Wrists, & Hands; Lower Leg Strength; The Rotator Cuff more than others. Since the Rotator Cuff “Striking a volleyball results in incredible acceleration and deceleration of the arm, and even young athletes in the sport will complain of pretty chronic shoulder pain. We need to foster increased stability and strength in all the muscles the hold the scapula in place as well as accelerate, decelerate, and stabilize the shoulder joint.

This means lots of fun exercises that a pitcher like me knows all too well...” Lower Leg Strength is the knees cave in during jumping for the vast majority of young female athletes, regardless of their sport. Weak quads and hips are to blame for this, as addressed above, and we want to make sure that when jumping the knees track directly over the big toe at all times. Knees the cave inward in acceleration or deceleration of a jump place the knee ligaments at increased risk. Sports like volleyball have incredible amounts of rapid up-and-downs mixed with awkward take-offs and landings. We need to strongly reinforce the legs not just to add to the vertical leap, but to ward off injury. The Forearms, Wrists, & Hands are what ultimately strike the volleyball? Just like the world’s fastest car is useless if running on bare rims, weak hands, wrists and forearms (we call this grip strength as a whole) is going to prevent the athlete from putting maximum force behind her strike. If the hand is strong and rigid, more energy will be transferred to the ball than with a hand that is weak and compliant. Grip strength is highly undervalued in women’s athletics as a whole, and towel hangs, as shown

above, are just one of tons of creative ways of strengthening the grip. The Lats & Anterior Core is what muscles hold the arms rigid when going up for a block? The latissimus dorsi and the abdominals. Keeping a focus on the anterior core (containing the abs and obliques, among others) and the lats will allow for powerful spikes and strong, firm arms with which to block powerful spikes.

(Volleyball Players:

Sport-Specific Training Needs, 2011) S. Connors (2017) stated that a volleyball-specific strength and conditioning program can optimize a player’s performance on the court. Whether athletes are still developing or competing at the highest level, spending time in the weight room building a strength foundation can be the difference between winning and losing a game. Training is an essential practice for every athletes but C. Pickering stated that there are different kind of athletes; the training of the athlete should be according to the skill should be improved. He explained If you’ve ever trained a group of athletes, you’ve probably noticed something peculiar. Even though you give the group the same training program, at the end of the training block, there are vast differences in how much those athletes improve.

Some athletes will respond really well to that specific training, and see huge improvements that carry over to personal bests in the competition period. Some athletes won’t respond well at all, and as a result might underperform in the next competitive season. Most of the athletes will show a fairly average response; they might set a few new personal bests and have a decent season, particularly if they’re young and developing, but it might not be anything special. Over the course of a several different training periods, these effects can add up. Those who respond really well to training will likely compete at a very high level, while those who respond poorly will likely fall by the wayside. Volleyball has become an increasingly competitive and popular sport. Young players not only play for middle or high school teams, but also try out for traveling or league teams between seasons. This continuous play of one sport can lead to overuse injuries in the shoulders, knees, and other areas of the body. A varied workout routine with proper rest periods helps prevent overuse volleyball injuries. According to the experts taking part in proper volleyball training, including a program that addresses

strength and conditioning, and flexibility, will increase power, endurance, and agility.

A comprehensive training

program can help young volleyball players stay injury free and on the court. No matter whether you are an experienced volleyball player or just a beginner, you should do everything you can to be a better athlete. It’s important to note that the sport of volleyball requires speed, strength, endurance, specific skills as well as teamwork. We are here to help you build a more effective volleyball training plan. And as mention by Butler a coach is a person who is always in constant pursuit of improvement, searching for more innovated and effective techniques to enhance the quality of training sessions. As what Greanleaf et al. (2001) stated positive performance factor include coach contact, trust and friendship, receiving coach feedback, the ability to once personal coach and the coach having a good plan or training program. Knowledge of the basic fundamental skills of volleyball, common errors, and suggested corrections will enable a coach to provide efficient and effective teaching and coaching strategies for every athlete. (Volleyball Training Plan, 2017)

The basic training for every Volleyball player should undergo is Warm Up the slow jog, Foot Work, Sprinting, Led Drills, Jump Rope Series, Abdomen workout, Arm Strength; and volleyball approaches such as Blocking Approach, Spiking Approach, Passing Approach (Receiving and Setting), and lastly Service Approach. These basic trainings help every player to play well in the court. As mention by Park when asked about his assessment of the visiting team, which is looking to learn from the Asian men’s volleyball “The thing is, the basic training has to improve, all the basics,” said Park powerhouse. Five minutes slow jog to warm up is very important according to Sports camps (2019) Running can help increase leg strength and vertical leap but it's important to do the right type of running so that your body is perfectly trained for volleyball performance. Volleyball is a dynamic game that requires high levels of agility and speed. A volleyball player must be able to start moving quickly in any direction on the court anytime. That means that an athlete’s leg muscles must be well prepared to react to the opponent’s actions and the ball. On the other hand, a volleyball player has to jump during a

match multiple times. Obviously, the game of volleyball requires a lot of movement. That means that the better footwork is – the faster an athlete is. That’s why it’s so important for an athlete to focus on improving his/her footwork. In other words, volleyball footwork drills need to be a part of a player’s training program. Today, we’ll talk about the drills that volleyball players have to do to improve their footwork. (Pakmen, 2018) Sprinting, this is an ideal training exercise for helping players make quicker direction changes. It's particularly useful for movements that have to be made when a ball is deflected or comes off a blocker's hands. (Marie Zidek, 2017) Led Drills, it is common knowledge among coaches that having a united and cohesive team requires player leadership. While coaches offer formal instruction and serve as Commander in Chief, they need help, so they turn to a player – or maybe two or three players – to provide extra leadership. Choosing the right player leader is a big decision. It involves thinking carefully about whose personality will resonate best with the team. (Rindy,2017) If the player is ready to start your preseason volleyball workouts, most player likely thinking about

increasing their vertical; and according to DeHart(2015) the jumping rope is an awesome warm-up because it works your calves and legs as it gets your heart rate up. There is a difference between being in shape and being in volleyball shape. Abdomen workout are also important for athletes, such as runners, as weak core muscles can lead to more fatigue, less endurance and injuries. Weak core muscles can also leave you susceptible to poor posture, lower back pain and muscle injuries. Strengthening core muscles may also help improve back pain. (Lifestyle, 2018) Arm strength, the muscles in the upper arms, including the shoulders, biceps and triceps, are heavily involved as a volleyball player passes hits or blocks the ball. However, it’s having strength and power in those muscles that help a volleyball player perform well. Having muscularly tone upper arms won’t be beneficial to a volleyball player’s performance, but they will increase an athlete's confidence. (K. Nunley, 2005) Blocking Approach, in order for volleyball players to achieve optimal hitting power and gain an edge on the court, drills to help advance their ability to block should not be overlooked. A team can take over a

match with a good block much like a good server can with their serve. (Myosource, 2019) Spiking, in the game of volleyball an attack (or spike) is performed to send the ball over the net to the opponent’s side of the court. The main goal of an attacker is to land the ball on the opposite’s side of the playing court. In order to make an attack successful the ball has to be hit with great force. It goes without saying that players who are responsible for attacking, spiking as well as hitting have to practice special volleyball skills. (Pacmen, 2019) Passing approach is the first volleyball hit in the three-step process. Volleyball passers are the players in the back row, prepped and ready with quick feet to move forward, backward, or laterally around the court at any and all necessary times. When the volleyball is served deep, a volleyball passer is able to use their forearms to pass the ball with great timing and accuracy. According to "Volleyball Skills and Drills," the serve receive is the most critical part of an offensive plan, and learning how to anticipate and react to a serve is a key element to staying on top. If you play the serve correctly, you can more effectively transition into offense to give your team

the advantage. Great setting is nothing without great hitting, and a setter needs defense to pass in order to set. Why a setter is so important to volleyball is because of how involved they are on every play and the leadership qualities they can bring to the other 5 players on the court. (Strength-and-power-for-volleyball, 2016) Service approach, the volleyball serve is one of the six basic volleyball techniques. A serve is used to put the ball into play to start the volley. The serve is the only skill controlled solely by one player. The most important factor that affects the performance of an athlete is the training program that is being prepared by the coach. The purpose of the training program is to change attitudes, behaviours or skills in a way that the result will have a positive impact the organization hopes to achieve. (Piol, 2005) The researchers aims to let the couches know if their training program is effective or not for them to improve it if necessary. The researches believes that coming up with this study entitled “Training needs of the coaches of the volleyball of the University of the Cordilleras ” are very much necessary for it determines if the needs in training of the volleyball players are being meet by the coach

training. The researcher also came up with study because they observed the volleyball players of the University of the Cordilleras need to improve their endurance for competitive advantage in any competition. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework The researchers included detailed concepts about the training needs and coaches to this part to provide great support to the study. These also support the establishment of the study as to why it created problems to deal with. Coach as a whole, is referred to as a role model of they also idolized them maybe because of their social a professional aspects. As mention by S. A. Edmunds it is part of a coach’s duty is to train athletes for peak performance. This includes training the athlete in ways that help her learn, practice and master the technical and tactical skills of the sport; teaching players to work together if it’s a team sport; working on physical conditioning, nutrition and mental toughness; and setting team and individual goals. During practice sessions, coaches use drills to isolate and improve individual skills such as hitting, dribbling, shooting, passing, catching and throwing. Practices also

include game-like training and practice, including simulated matches, games and scrimmages. A coach or self-study is needed for better advancement or development. One must remember that the fundamental skills are not enough to produce better performance. (Bernos, 1991) As the primary individuals tasked with developing athletes and helping them achieve their goals, coaches should acquire a working knowledge of all areas affiliated with performance enhancement. ... As sport evolved into organized activity, coaches began working more closely with athletes on sport skill development. (Johnson, etal., 2011) The playing coach should be knowledgeable of principles and techniques such as; the warm up that proceeds a regular workout or completion is indispensable because of the physiological and psychological considerations. It increases muscle temperature, contraction and readiness to respond more quickly. It increases metabolic efficiency such as the supply of oxygen to the different tissues of the body. It also conditions the mind of the athletes on the incoming competition or activity.

The principle of rhythm or continuity, it requires all actions made by the different parts of the body to be done in continuous action (without any gap or stoppage). This is putting together all the efforts done by the different bodily parts into the final action for a sort of an “explosive” power. An example to this is jump rope, Barbell Squats, Walking Dumbbell Lunges, Leg Extensions, Flat Barbell Bench Press, Close Grip Pulldowns, Elbow to Knee Obliques Crunches and Straight Bar Pushdowns. Although the volleyball court limits the area free movement, the player must have a good endurance to be an effective member of the team. Volleyball involves many quick, shifty movements; in addition to, many jumps if the player are playing close to the net. Therefore, incorporating cardiovascular training into the workouts will help you improve the player improve the player volleyball endurance so that the player do not become fatigued towards the end of challenging match. Overloading produces physical stress and fatigue or overtiredness. At the outset of loading/overloading, the athlete will be “shocked” but will later on adapt after many repetitions. When overloading stops, the recovery process will follow and the athlete will return to the

original level of fitness or to a higher level of capability. The Law of Specificity, this requires that the right kind of training must be given to the athlete. The type of workout activity must have specific training effect. The training activity that will produce training effect may not be given to players. The short Range training program(one-year), it consist of three categories, namely; the General Body Conditioning which may last for three months. It deals with the overall development of the body with the aim of increasing the work capacity or the ability to do heavier workloads; the Specific Training which may last until the competition month begins. It is here wherein the characteristics of techniques are developed. The training activities or workouts are patterned after the event of the athletes; and the competition Phase which involves the actual and complete performance of the event, applying the experiences of fitness gained from the specific training. The setting may be near to the actual completion. It is mentioning that the usual night sleep which require 7-9 hours is considered a period of recovery from the practice that held 5-7pm in the afternoon.

A well-structured volleyball training program can increase explosive power, vertical jump height, stamina and speed and agility around the court. Skill training alone, such as practicing spikes, won’t develop the physical traits necessary to play to the athlete’s full potential. Volleyball players have exceptional lower body power and perform well in the vertical jump test. Power in the legs is needed to jump explosively off the ground in order to spike, block, set and dive. (Anderson, 2019)

Peaking is the process of final preparation for major competition or series of competition. This is the period within which the athlete has produced the best performance in the year. Good signs of an athlete’s peak period are; sense and feeling of well-being; showing sign of selfconfidence; interest for competition; and constant improvement in performance. In the discussion of Cox and Jones in their books, they discussed that there are so many factors that affects the effectiveness of the training program of the coaches to their athletes. They also discussed coaches have different way of implementing their training program.