Chapter 16 Outlines-edited

Kevin Zheng Euro History 6th Period September 20th, 2007 Chapter 16 Pages 425-433 I.

The Late Middle Ages and Renaissance (1300-1527) A. Hundred Year’s War B. Black Death C. The Great Schism D. Turks in Constantinople E. Birth of Humanism / 15th Century Learning

F. Nation – States II. Hundred Years’ War A. Causes of the War – Charles IV died without heirs 1. Control of Flanders – fief of France 2. Dislike between French and English 3. Social conflicts 4. England had better weapons – longbow 5. England bad better military personnel III. Stages of the War A. Stages of the War 1. Edward III embargoed English wool to Flanders 2. 1347 – Black Death causes truce 3. 1356 – French political order collapsed 4. Second stage – 1420 – Henry V proclaimed heir to French throne B. Cause of the War 1. Edward III wanted control of both England and France 2. Feudalism – hierarchy 3. Monarch – Clergy / Priests 4. Lords – Nobles 5. Vassals 6. Knights 7. Merchants 8. Artisans IV. Joan of Arc and the War’s Conclusion A. Joan of Arc – peasant from Lorraine 1. Since England’s king wanted France to lose the war, he accepted Joan’s “heavenly message”. 2. Joan led French troops to kill English soldiers. B. Joan Captured – May of 1430

1. King of England did nothing 2. Joan killed – May 30th, 1431 as a heretic (disloyalty to the Church) 3. Joan found innocent 1456, England king reopened Joan’s trial V. Effects of the War 1. Devastated France 2. Awakened French nationalism 3. Hastened France’s transition from a feudal monarchy into a centralized state 4. Encouraged English to develop own clothing industry and foreign markets 5. Peasants lose money from forced to pay taxes and services for the war 6. Charles VII – King of France VI. The Black Death A. Preconditions and Causes 1. Food supplies increases 2. Europe’s population doubles between 1000-1300 3. Overpopulation 4. 1348 – social suffering 5. Black Death – from Asia into Europe 6. Bubonic Plague – appeared decades after Black Death B. Popular Remedies 1. Amulets 2. Seclusion – isolation 3. Flagellants – people who punished themselves because the Black Death had affected them C. Social and Economic Consequences 1. Whole villages wiped out 2. Price for everyday items fell 3. Pays rose 4. Nobles’ powers decline 5. 1381 – English Peasants Revolt D. New Conflicts and Opportunities 1. Economic and Political powers of local artisans and trade guilds grew 2. Plague killed many clergy VII. Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival: The Late Medieval Church 1. Thirteenth century churches improved A. Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair 1. Clerics Laicos – a bull which forbade taxation of the clergy without prior papal approval 2. Edward I denied clergy right to be heard in royal court 3. Philip forbade money shipment from France to Rome 4. Boniface puts down Edward I 5. Unam Sanctum – bull declares temporal authority was “subject” to the spiritual power of the Church 6. Philip’s troops beat up Boniface B. The Great Schism (1378-1471) and the Concilliar Movement to 1449 1. Charles V (French) supported schism in the church

2. Two popes face off after Pope Gregory XII gives up (Pope Urban VI and Pope Clement VII) C. The Council of Constance (1414-1417) 1. Haec Sancta – declaration where the council fathers asserted their supremacy and proceeded to conduct the business of the church. D. The Council of Basel (1432-1449) 1. Council collapses – 1449 2. Execrabilis (1460) – condemned all appeals to the Council as “erroneous and abominable” and “completely null and void” 3. Popes regain power 4. Cardinals – People directly below the pope in power 5. Curia – The Church’s court 6. Pisa – Where council met E. Jan Hus 1. Said the people should get bread and wine like the priests, brought issue of each Eucharis (human body offering). 2. Calls the transubstantiation fake. 3. Jan gets killed.