Chapter 12 Population And Demography

TOP PROBLEMS OF THE ELDERLY AS FOUND BY THE STUDY •LACK OF LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES •HEALTH •HOUSING •LONELINESS •COMMUNITY INDIFFERENCE TO THEIR PLIGHT

FARLFIELD OXBORNE

-ESTIMATED THE WORLD POPULATION TO REACH 3 BILLION IN-ONE HUNDRED YEARS, BUT IT PASSED THE 3 BILLION MARK ABOUT A DECADE AFTER HIS WORK WASN PUBLISEHD IN 1948.

1970’S

- THE RAPIDLY GROWING POPULATION WAS NO LONGER AN OBSCURE SUBJECT, AND THE POPULATION EXPLOSION HAD BECOME A COMMON TERM.

Rank

City1

Most Populous Cities of the World

Population

Year

1.

Mumbai (Bombay), India

11,914,398

2001c

2.

Shanghai, China

10,996,500 

2003e

3.

São Paulo, Brazil 

10,677,019

2003e

4.

Seoul, South Korea

10,207,296

2002e

5.

Moscow, Russia 

10,101,500

2001c

6.

Delhi, India

9,817,439

2001c

7.

Karachi, Pakistan

9,339,023

1998c

8.

Istanbul, Turkey

8,831,805

2000c

9.

Beijing, China

8,689,000

2001e

10.

Mexico City, Mexico

8,591,309

2000c

11.

Jakarta, Indonesia 

8,389,443

2000c

12.

Tokyo, Japan 

8,340,000

2003e

13.

New York City, U.S.

8,085,742

2003e

14.

Teheran, Iran

7,796,257

2004e

15.

Cairo, Egypt

7,629,866

2004e

16.

London, U.K.

7,172,036

2001c

17.

Lima, Peru 

7,029,928

2004e

18.

Bogotá, Colombia

6,712,247

2001e

19.

Bangkok, Thailand

6,320,174

2000c

20.

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

5,974,081

200

THE MODERN DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION - A THREE-STAGE PATTERN OF POPULATION CHANGE THAT OCCURS AS A SOCIETY IS TRANSFORMED FROM AN AGRARIAN TO A FULLY INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY.

THREE STAGES OF MODERN DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION: AGRARIAN STAGE- BALANCED POPULATION WITH A HIGH DEATH RATE AND A HIGH BIRTH RATE TRANSITION STAGE- CHARACTERIZED BY A GROWING POPULATION WITH A HIGH BIRTH RATE AND A DECLINING DEATH RATE FINAL STAGE- HAS A MUCH LOWER POPULATION GROWTH RATE BECAUSE THE BIRTH RATE HAS DROPPED TO A LEVEL ROUGHLY EQUAL TO THAT OF THE DEATH RATE

FACT:MOST COUNTRIES HAVE BEEN IN STAGE ONE OF THE MODERN DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

MINORITY STATUS AND MORTALITY A POSITION IN THE HIGHER CLASSES GIVES A PERSON ADVANTAGES, RIGHTS, POWERS, PRIVILEGES AND MATERIAL THINGS NOT AVAILABLE TO THOSE IN THE LOWER SOCIAL CLASSES. THE HIGHER THE MORTALITY RATE OF THE MEMBER OF THE LOWER SOCIAL CLASSES REFLECTS THEIR DISADVANTAGEOUS POSITIONS IN THE SOCIETY.

MIGRATION

- A ONE TIME MOVEMENT FROM ONE TERRITORY TO ANOTHER EITHER SEASONALLY, ANNUALLY, PERIODICALLY OR PERMANENTLY WHICH MAY BE SPONTANEOUS, FORCED, IMPELLED FREE AND PLANNED, AND OF AN INTERNAL, EXTERNAL INTERREGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CHARACTER. WHAT IF I WOULD WANT TO MIGRATE? WHAT THINGS SHOULD I CONSIDER?

DECISION FACTORS IN MIGRATION FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE AREA OF ORIGIN FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE AREA OF DESTINATION INTERVENING OBSTACLES PERSONAL FACTORS

FAMILISM AND FERTILITY REFERS TO THE HIGH VALUE PEOPLE PLACE ON HAVING CHILDREN

THEY VIEW THE ACT OF HAVING CHILDREN AS A NATURAL AND DESIRABLE OBJECTIVE

ALTHOUGH FAMILY IS THE SMALLEST GROUP IN THE SOCIETY, IT IS STILL THE MOST ESSENTIAL AND MOST RECOGNIZED ONE.

MARITAL STATUS AND MORTALITY

PEOPLE WHO MARRY HAVE A BETTER CHANCE OF SURVIVING THAN PEOPLE WHO NEVER MARRY. PEOPLE WHO NEVER MARRY HAVE A LOWER DEATH RATE THAN THOSE WHO ARE DIVORCED AND WIDOWED. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DIFFERENCES REGARDING MARITAL STATUS AND MORTALITY

MARITAL SELECTIVITY- CONTRIBUTES SOMEWHAT TO THE GREATER LONGEVITY OF MARRIED PEOPLE OF MARRIED PEOPLE OVER THOSE WHO DO NOT MARRY. THE STABILITY AND SECURITY OF MARRIED LIFE - EACH SPOUSE IS REGULARLY AVAILABLE TO TAKE CARE OF AND LOOK AFTER THE OTHER, WHICH IS SPECIALLY IMPORTNT DURING TIMES OF ILLNESS. IN SHORT, MARRIED LIFE IS ASSURED TO BE A HEALTHIER LIFE. DOES MY ROLE AS A WOMAN AFFECT MY OWN MORTALITY RATE?

SEX ROLES AND MORTALITY - SEVERAL RESEARCHERS HAVE FOUND THAT BEING MARRIED MAY NOT BE AS ADVANTAGEOUS FOR WOMEN AS IT IS FOR MEN, A PHENOMENON THAT SEEMS TO STEM FROM THE NATURE OF THE FEMININE SEX ROLE.

CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION THINGS DO NOT COME UP TO HIS EXPECTATION AND FRUSTRATIONS WILL PROVOKE HIM TO RETURN TO HIS PLACE OF ORIGIN OR SEEK SOME OTHER PLACE. DIFFICULTY IN ADJUSTING THEMSELVES TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT.

PHILIPPINE ELDERLY POPULATION

60 YRS. OLD AND OVER OF TODAY- THREE MILLION AND IS ESTIMATED TO INCREASE BARELY 12 YRS. FROM NOW 1948-1960- 1.95 % ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF THE NATION’S ELDERLY POPULATION.

THE POPULATION OF THE  PHIL. POPULATION WAS ESTIMATED AT SOME 41 MILLION PEOPLE AS OF MID-1973 & 52 MILLION IN 1983. PHILIPPINES HAS THE SAME GROWTH RATE AS THAILAND 1.9 % IN THE 1940’S & 3.1 % IN THE 1950’S (ANNUAL GROWTH RATE) AT 3.0% PER ANNUM, THE COUNTRY WILL DOUBLE IT’S POPULATION IN 23 YEARS. WITH THE SAME GROWTH RATE, THE PHIL. POPULATION WOULD BE ABOUT 90 MILLION BY MID-2000 THE FOREMOST DYNAMIC ELEMENT OF THIS POPULATION GROWTH IS THE DECLINE IN MORTALITY WHILE FERTILITY REMAINS AT A HIGH LEVEL.