Chapter 10

Chapter #10

GRAPHICS TYPES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS •Presentation Graphics •Free Drawing Graphics

PRESENTATION GRAPHICS • These graphics techniques represent numeric data in standard formats. Presentation graphics can be used to produce visual support for written reports. Information contain in large reports taking hours to read as compare to graphics. Although textual reports are still needed for the description of data but information presented through graphics is remembered better than written explanation.

FIVE CATEGORIES IN PRESENTATION GRAPHICS

• • • • •

Pie Chart Bar Graphs Line Graphs Area Graphs Symbol Charts

M O N T H L Y S A L ES 8 6 4 2

00 00 00 00 0 JA N FE B MA R AP R MA Y JU N

SALES IN MILLIONS

• Bar Graph • Bars of different length help in easy comparison, and it easy to understand as compare to textual data.

M O N TH S

• Pie Chart • Presents the data as part relative to whole • Shows the percentages, proportions, or ratios of a total

R eg io n w is e s ales A FR IC A 13%

SO U T H A M E R IC A 19%

SO U T H A SIA 17% NOR T H A M E R IC A 23% E U R OP E 28%

• Area Graph • Represents volume of data and figures by assigning an area in chart • Art publication

A G E G R O U P W IS E S A L E S

80 60 40 20 0 u n d e r 1 7 1 7 -2 5

2 6 -3 5

3 6 -5 0 o v e r 5 0

AGE GROUP S

• Line Graph • Shows the trends and rate of variation among different values

P r o d u c t w is e s a le s

P ro d A

400 300 200 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5

P ro d B

ye a r

P ro d C

P o p u la t io n o f P r o v in c e s b y S in 1 9 8 1 ( in 0 0 0 ) 60000

Population

• BAR GRAPHS • Provides graphical comparison of values. It displays numeric data as lines or bars of representation lengths. Scales or marked values at the bottom or side of the graphic convey the meaning of the graph. The scale at the bottom of the chart is legend. • 1.Simple Bar chart • 2.Stacked Bar Chart

F e m a le

40000

M a le

20000 0 N .W .F.P .

P unj ab

P r o v in c e s

• CREATING PRESENTATION GRAPHICS • Graphics values converts data values to shapes. Then it creates the digital patterns to produce output. Many application packages such as spreadsheets, statistical packages and database programs contain features to produce graphic output to import graphics produced by other software. Four levels of information to create good presentation graphics.

• Identify Data • The software prompts the user for data. For example if pie chart is requested the software guide will ask the user for the filename and the location of the data. If the data has been previously stored then select file from the data is needed, the user specifies the fields and records to be included. By this we get the desired output.

• Identify Type of Graphic • The user select the type of presentation graphic needed. The five basic categories of presentation graphics can be presented in a variety of formats. • Two dimensional (2D) •Three dimensional (3D) •Rotated •Combined with other graphics

• Identify Labels • To clarify the meaning of the graphic, labels and scales must be added. These labels can be taken from the data or entered by the user, the user manually reset these scales when necessary.

• Create Title and Legend • To complete the graphic, a title and legend must be included. A title provides the general description of the output. Legend explains the specific meaning of any symbols, colors or shading. Title and legend are usually prompted by the software guide and entered by the user.