1
: . .
.
. &!"# $ !% .
!"# $ !% .
. '() * -+ , + .
.' () * .
. 1-) / 0 -+ , + .
.. -) / 0 .
. ) /3 5 + !4 .
.2 ) /3 .
. <!8# :9 ; 5 + !4 .
.7 6 !8# :9 ; .
. B> ? @ A + %+, 4 .
.= > ? @ .
. >
.>
1. the Crowed / (is) intense 2. the house is clean 3. the cloth/dress is short. 4. the cold is sever. 5. the servant is strong. 6. the worker is active/energetic 7. the glutton is seek 8. the weather is rainy
1. the crowed was intense 2. the house was clean 3. the cloth/dress become short. 4. the cold become sever. 5. (not to be)/ the servant is not strong. 6. the worker is not active/energetic 7. the glutton Become seek (this morning) 8. the weather become rainy (this morning)
:1
. %;H :9 ; JI + 4 .
.G ;H :9 ; .
.N OKL > M JI + 4
.:6 KL > M
. &! FP JR +Q 4
. ! FP
. T/ S -8 JR +Q 4
? / S -8
. > U >
.> U >
. >YZ - %P X:W
.> YZ - %P
. [H \ %(V ] + K+ .
. [H \ %(V .
. V^H = >V ] + K+ .
.? ^H = >V .
:_R% Each example is made of a Subject and a Predicate ( H% and
0 ) that are S`> as you
know. Then if you examine the same examples after introducing one the verbs:
1
9. the employee is troublesome/annoying 10. the flower is withered 11. the cloud is dense. 12. the road is crowded. 13. the rain is heavy. 14. the dust is agitated. 15. the lamp is flaming. 16. the sick is suffering (pain).
9. the employee become annoying (lately) 10. the flower turned withered (this afternoon) 11. the cloud become dense (this forenoon). 12. the road become crowded (this forenoon). 13. the rain continued (to fall) heavy (for the day). 14. the dust keep on agitated (for the day). 15. the lamp stayed flaming (overnight). 16. the seek stayed suffering pain (overnight).
-,
- -, - 5! -A%, -JI - JRQ -:W -]K – you will find, in all examples, that the first noun (stays)
S`>,
(becomes)
whereas
the
second
:W JRQ JI A%, 5!
noun
*(@. The reason of this change is
that we have added one of the verbs mentioned earlier. Thus if one these verbs are added to a Subject and its Predicate, the subject stays
S`>
and it is called “a- Noun of the Verb-“, whereas the Predicate becomes
*(@ and it is called
“M0 - the Predicate of the Verb”. Note that the same rule applies when the above mentioned verbs are in present and order forms (S-BV and
>) except the verb 5! which does not accept S-B or > . If you examine the meaning of each verb in the examples you will find that
means
that the subject is characterized by the predicate in the past, and
-, means that the subject
changed from one state to another state, and
5!
means negation, whereas -A%, -JI -JRQ -:W -
]K - means that the subject is characterized by the predicate, at a specific day time, respectively, to be in the: morning, afternoon, forenoon, day and night.
:b[ c G(@ a JFI d e`>H` 03 H%V Jb : . .M0 JFI ]K :W JRQ JI A%, 5! -, [ F!` : . . ] d;` fgM JFI {5! } ij JQV :Fb OF; > S-B d;` fgM k :;` :h . .> i S-B @ J^ O`
18. The verb
(to be) when affixed/added to a subject ( H%V) and its predicate
(03) it makes ( H%V) -the subject- S`> and it is called “- ?1 name of the verb to be-“, and it makes the (03) - the predicate- *(@ , and it is called “- 0 - the predicate of the verb to be-“.
19. Similarly to the verb
the same rule applies to all other equivalent verbs
]K n :W nJRQ nJI nA%, n5! n-, called " ] ”. 20. All these verbs can have S-B and > to whish the same rule (of JQV (no. 18). above) applies, except 5! it can have neither S-B nor > . Additional Note: 13-1. These verbs are often called in Arabic: ()@ d;`, literarily Modal Verbs. In fact, these verbs grammatically behave as English Modal Verbs (e.g. must, should, etc.) 13-2. In English Modals need verbal complement (e.g. you must study), but not in Arabic. 13-3. As shown in the two examples hereafter, some of these verbs can take the form of a perfect verb (example 1).
{$) d / s;t ur v# :;` A%, @M} .A%, p EIV q :r> _h . 1- He stayed in the mosque till the morning come. {here is a perfect verb referring to the time} 13-4. Another brother of verb is (as long as) see example 3.
q :(H 'FQ ::b& u . x :Fb :F; 2 y)# :;` @M / ." ! $ / w wO( K c, " . .RH& K *(@ / 0 : ! ./ ?1 e`- :z
.
/
#
0
1
+
2
3
4
#
/
#
0
(
)
*
+
,
!
5
6
"
+
7
8
)
9
+
:
#
$
%
&
'
+
;
<
=
(
)
*
+
,
-
#
]@>{ :!} :F~ qx h 0 ?1 : |K . ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨
١ ٢ ٣ ٤
.!` F+ : 9 > : h 4 n!} :F~ k Fr : 9 J b+ : /4 . ٧ ٨ ٩
٤ ٥ ٦
٧ ٨ ٩
٤ ٥ ٦
%
0
4
#
/
#
0
-
#
.
1. was / Pn / courageous (brave). 2. become / the horse / hungry. 3. become / the first / last.. 4. stayed / the dog / sleep. 2
%
.
#
1. the guard / awake. 2. the year / hot. 3. the horse / saddled. 3
%
-,
1. the tree / leafy (green). 2. the fruit / ripe . 3. the light / weak.
.
#
.
#
5. is not / the field (arena) / wide (spacious). 6. become / the rich / poor. 7. become / the prisoner / free. 8. stayed / the grape / abundant (plentiful).
3
١ ٢ ٣
#
!
: h 4
#
0
#
4. the basin (pond) / full. 5. the key / lost (missing). 6. the fume (smoke) / rising.
2
١ ٢ ٣
.!` F+ : 9 > : h 4 n!} :F~ k Fr : 9 J b+ -, : /4 .
1
#
!
: h 4
4. the air / cold (chilly). 5. the moon / eclipsed. 6. the place / dark.
#
7. the door / open. 8. the servant / sleep. 9. the Nile (water level) / low. 0
#
7. the weather / hot. 8. the water / clear (pure, tranquil). 9. the male sheep / fat.
.!` F+ : 9 > : h 4 n!} :F~ k Fr : 9 J b+ 5! : /4 . ٧ ٨ ٩
٤ ٥ ٦
١ ٢ ٣
.!` F+ : 9 > : h 4 n!} :F~ k Fr : 9 J b+ A%, : /4 . ٧ ٨ ٩
٤ ٥ ٦
٥ ٦ ٧ ٨
%
5!
.
#
#
1. the construction / strong. 2. the meal / delicious (tasty). 3. the matter / easy. 2
%
A%,
.
#
0
#
#
$
١ ٢ ٣ ٤
!
: h 4
#
0
#
#
#
!
: h 4
#
#
0
7. the wall / inclined. 8. the cat / hungry. 9. the cord / strong.
#
0
4. the bird / singing. 5. the yogurt (leben) / fatty (thick). 6. the fog / dense.
4. the sinful / afraid. 5. the air / clean. 6. the kid / seek.
1. the cock / crowing. 2. the crop / wet. 3. the water / frozen. 3
#
#
7. the rose / booming. 8. the student / active. 9. the Nile / flooding.
1. was / the governor (judge) / …………….. 2. become / the enemy / ……………... 3. is not / the medicine / …………….... 4. become / the violet flower / ……………...
2
١ ٢ ٣
::h8 K xF > 7%Q !} :F~ ?{ .
1
1
5. stayed / 6. stayed / 7. become 8. become
the justice / ……………... the injustice / ……………... / the prisoner / ……………... / the rain / ……………...
3
::h8 K w> 7%Q 3 hV q g ?1i eQK !} :F~ ?{ . ٥
١
٦ ٧
٢ ٣
٨
٤
A%, -, :k S-BV Jb F@ |H@Z : :FH8 : . .
.A%,^K @ : H% _! uV , q : 5 . .5!K @ : H% _! *Hh , q : 5 . .:"K @ : H% _! OIh , q : 5 . .JI^K @ : H% _! :; , q : 5 .
#
0
#
#
$
#
1. was / ……………../ despotic. 2. is not / ……………../ shameful.. 3. stayed / ……………..../ suffering pain. 4. become / …………….... / happy. 2
#
0
#
5. stayed / 6. stayed / 7. become 8. become
8. Make 8 sentences to contain the رع4567 اof the verbs:
……………... / spread. ……………... / despotic. / ……………... / free. / …………….. / heavy.
]K A%, -, (2 sentences
for each) in the given order. 3
9. Exercise of composition/essay: 1- Compose 5 sentences in the subject 2- Compose 5 sentences in the subject 3- Compose 5 sentences in the subject 4- Compose 5 sentences in the subject 5- Compose 5 sentences in the subject
2
– ]K – :u8# q k>{. 3
. hK @ : H% _! ~ , q : 5 .
1
1
of weather, each starting with ن4آ. of water, each starting with >?@أ. of book, each starting with BC7. of lease (person), each starting with DE. of worker, each starting with FGأﻡ.
*>bi q k>{ .
1
:L
.>Y1 -<[ $!% .
.%!K G@; -, .
.S`> S-B :;` $!%
.Q :;` -,
.S`> $!% ?1 - <[
.S`> -, ?1 G @;
.*(@ $!% 0 >Y1
.*(@ -, 0 %!K :!} :F~ *>b *
.! b u@% .
.-Ih r 5! .
.EYM >R% $!% .
.`r /V A%( .
1
10. Exercise of Syntax: A- Examples: 1- the grape become raisin.,
2- the train stayed running (overnight).
B- conjugate the following sentences: 1- the glass is not broken, 2- the building (construction) was high 3- the ink (will) become dry, 4- the sea (will) stay agitated overnight.