Channel Structure and Function
ZTE University TD&W&PCS BSS Course Team
Objectives At the end of this course, you will be able to master: Classification of channels Structure and Function of channels
Content
Classification of channels Structure and Function of channels Physical layer procedure
Classification of channels
Channel Type UE
Physical channel
Transport channel
Logical channel
Node B
Logical channel Transport channel Physical channel
RNC
Classification of channels
Concept of channel
RLC layer Logical channel
L2 MAC layer
Transport channel PHY layer Physical channel
L1
Classification of channels
Channel Type
Logical channels: Describe what is transported (i.e., the types of
information to be transmitted)
Transport channels: Describe how the logical channels are to be transmitted
Physical channels: Represent the “transmission media” providing the platform
through which the information is actually transferred
Classification of channels
Protocol stack of the Uu interface GC
Nt
DC
Duplication avoidance GC
Nt
DC UuS boundary U-plane information
C-plane signalling
L3
control
control
control
control
control
RRC
Radio Bearers PDCP
PDCP
L2/PDCP BMC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
L2/BMC
L2/RLC
Logical Channels MAC
L2/MAC Transport Channels
PHY
L1
Classification of channels
Logical Channels
Control Channel (CCH)
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) Paging Control Channel (PCCH) Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) Common Control Channel (CCCH)
Traffic Channel (TCH)
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)
Classification of channels
Transport Channel Common Transport Channels
Broadcast Channel (BCH) Paging Channel (PCH) Random Access Channel (RACH) Forward Access Channel (FACH) Common Packet Channel (CPCH) Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH)
Dedicated Transport Channels
Dedicated Channel (DCH)
Classification of channels
Physical Channel Uplink Physical Channels
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH)
Downlink Physical Channels
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH) Synchronization Channel (SCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH) Page Indication Channel (PICH) Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH)
Classification of channels
Mapping relationship Uplink Logic Channel
Transport Channel
CCCH
DCCH DTCH
RACH CPCH DCH
Downlink PCCH BCCH CCCH CTCH
PCH
BCH
FACH
DSCH
DCCH DTCH
DCH
Classification of channels
Mapping relationship Transport Channels DCH
Physical Channels Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
RACH
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
CPCH
Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
BCH
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
FACH
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
PCH Synchronization Channel (SCH) DSCH
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH) Page Indication Channel (PICH)
Content
Classification of channels Structure and Function of channels Physical layer procedure
Structure and Function of channels
WCDMA frame structure
Structure and Function of channels
Physical Channels(1)
The physical channel is in a 3-layer structure by the time: Superframe One superframe lasts 720ms, and consists of 72 radio frames. radio frame One radio frame has a period of 10ms, and comprises 15 timeslots with the same length. Corresponding to 38400 chips, it is a basic unit of the physical layer. Timeslot A timeslot is a unit composed of a bit domain, corresponding to 2560 chips. The bit number and structure of a timeslot depends on the specific type of the physical channel.
Structure and Function of channels
Physical Channels(2)
The frame structure of the physical channels is shown:
Ttimeslot= 2560 chip
Ts lot # 1Ts lot # 2
Tsl ot #I
Tslo t #1 5
Tframe=10 ms
Fr ame # 0 Fra me #1
Fr ame # I
Tsuperframe=720 ms
Fr ame #7 1
Structure and Function of channels
Uplink physical channel
2 UL Dedicated physical channel ( DPDCH and DPCCH )
2 UL Common physical channel ( PRACH and PCPCH )
Dedicated physical Control channel DPCCH Dedicated physical DPDCH data channel Physical random PRACH Access channel Physical common Packet channel
PCPCH
UL Dedicated physical channel
UL Common physical channel
Structure and Function of channels
Uplink Dedicated physical channel
Structure and Function of channels
PRACH
Physical Random Access Channel PRACH consists preamble part and message part Random access transmit 1or more 4096 chips length preambles and 10ms
or 20ms length message part.
Preamble
Preamble
Preamble
4096 chips Preamble
Message part
10 ms (one radio frame) Preamble
Preamble
4096 chips
Message part
20 ms (two radio frames)
PRACH transmitted structure
Structure and Function of channels
PRACH
Physical Random Access Channel 10ms message part is split into 15 timeslots, each timeslot consists of
2560chips. Each timeslot includes data part and control part. They are transmitted in
parallel . Data part :SF=32~256 ,
control part: SF=256. Data Ndata bits
Data Pilot Npilot bits
Control
TFCI NTFCI bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..3)
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i Message part radio frameRACH T = 10 ms
Slot #14
Structure and Function of channels
Downlink physical channel
DL physical channel include Dedicated physical channel 、 1 Shared physical channel and five Common control channels. SCH CPICH PICH DL common physical channel
AICH CCPCH PDSCH
DPCH
Structure and Function of channels
Downlink dedicated physical channel
Structure and Function of channels
CPICH
Structure and Function of channels
CPICH
There is 2 types of CPICH:P-CPICH and S-PICH
P-CPICH: P-CPICH of different cell uses the same Cch,256,0 OVSF code to spread ,the bit rate
of P-CPICH is also fixed. The P-CPICH is scrambled by the primary scrambling code. There is one and only P-CPICH per cell. The P-CPICH is broadcast over the entire cell. it is used to search cell primary
scrambling code during cell selection procedure. And it is also used for measurement and estimation during handover, cell selection and cell re-selection.
S-CPICH: A arbitrary channelization code of SF=256 is used for the S-CPICH. A S-CPICH is scrambled by either the primary or a secondary scrambling code. There may be 0,1 or several S-CPICH per cell. A S-CPICH may be transmitted over the entire cell or part of the cell. It is may be a
phase reference for a dl DPCH, but it is decided by high layer signalling.
Structure and Function of channels
P-CCPCH
Structure and Function of channels
SCH (1)
The Synchronization Channel (SCH) is a downlink signal used for cell search.
The SCH consists of two sub channels, the Primary and Secondary SCH.
The 10 ms radio frames of the Primary and Secondary SCH are divided into 15 slots, each of length 2560 chips.
Structure of synchronization channel
Structure and Function of channels
SCH (2)
P-SCH The Primary SCH consists of a modulated code of length 256 chips. The
modulated code need not spreading and scrambling. The primary synchronization code (PSC) is transmitted once every slot The PSC is the same for every cell in the system.
S-SCH The Secondary SCH consists of repeatedly transmitting a length 15
sequence of modulated codes of length 256 chips. the Secondary Synchronization Codes (SSC), transmitted in parallel with
the Primary SCH. Each SSC is chosen from a set of 16 different codes of length 256. This sequence on the Secondary SCH indicates which of the code groups
the cell's downlink scrambling code belongs to.
Structure and Function of channels
S-CCPCH
Structure and Function of channels
PICH
PICH carries PI ( Page Indication ), SF=256 , radio frame=10ms , consists 300bits , 288 bits for paging indication , 12 bits Tx Off 。
PICH relates to S-CCPCH which mapping to PCH 。
288 bits for paging indication b0 b1
12 bits (transmission off) b287 b288
One radio frame (10 ms)
PICH frame structure
b299
Content
Classification of channels Structure and Function of channels Physical layer procedure
Physical layer procedure
Cell search procedure (1)
The cell search is typically carried out in three steps:
Step1: Slot synchronization During the first step of the cell search procedure the UE uses the
SCH's primary synchronization code to acquire slot synchronization to a cell. This is typically done with a single matched filter (or any similar
device) matched to the primary synchronization code which is common to all cells. The slot timing of the cell can be obtained by detecting peaks in the matched filter output.
Physical layer procedure
Cell search procedure (2)
Step2: Frame synchronization and code-group identification During the second step of the cell search procedure, the UE uses the
SCH's secondary synchronization code to find frame synchronization and identify the code group of the cell found in the first step. This is done by correlating the received signal with all possible
secondary synchronization code sequences, and identifying the maximum correlation value. Since the cyclic shifts of the sequences are unique the code group as well as the frame synchronization is determined.
Physical layer procedure
Cell search procedure (3)
Step3: Scrambling-code identification During the third and last step of the cell search procedure, the UE
determines the exact primary scrambling code used by the found cell. The primary scrambling code is typically identified through symbol-
by-symbol correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the code group identified in the second step.
After the primary scrambling code has been identified, the Primary CCPCH can be detected and the system- and cell specific BCH information can be read.
Physical layer procedure
Cell search procedure
Physical layer procedure
Summary of the process
Channel Primary SCH
Synchronization
Note
acquired Chip, Slot, Symbol
Synchronization 256 chips
Synchronization
The same in all cells 15-code sequence of secondary synchronization
Secondary SCH
Frame Synchronization, Code Group (one of 64)
codes. There are 16 secondary synchronization codes. There are 64 S-SCH sequences corresponding to the 64 scrambling code groups 256 chips, different for different cells and slot intervals
Common
Scrambling code (one of 8)
Pilot CH PCCPCH
To find the primary scrambling code from common pilot CH
Synchronization, BCCH info
Fixed 30 kbps channel spreading factor 256
Exercise
pls write down the 3 type of channel. and describe their category.
One radio frame has a period of (
)ms, and comprises(
) timeslots with the same length.
Corresponding to (
) chips, it is a basic unit of the
physical layer.
pls describe the main function of each physical channel.
pls describe the cell search procedure.