Ch4 Sec1-2

Quiz 1) What is an advanced culture with cities and a system of writing called? (Society, Civilization) 2) What is the way of life including beliefs, customs, and practices called? (Culture, Society) 3) What type of family includes a mother, father, and children called? ( Extended, Nuclear) 4) this provides a basis for culture (Language, Religion) 5) A grouping of people based on rank or status. (Social class or Hierarchy)

CULTURES OF THE WORLD Chapter 4 Sections 1 & 2

Understanding Cultures

Culture- people’s way of life including, their beliefs, customs, and practices. Elements of Culture  Parents pass culture to their children and so on and so on.  Cultural

traits are the way a people do things. These can change with time.

 Language,

spiritual beliefs, material things, right and wrong, and government

People and their land To study culture, geographers look at Human-Environmental Interaction. Environment does not always dictate culture. Culture can have a big impact on environment. Cultural Landscape- parts of a people’s environment that they have shaped and the technology they have used to shape it.

Development of Culture

4 major advances in technologyInvention of tools millions of years ago Control of fire Development of farming Development of civilization Civilization- advanced cultures with cities and system of writing

Agricultural Revolution- when people began to rely mostly on farming for their food. Irrigation is a major factor in this revolution Full time farming allowed people to grow more than they need and build up surpluses of food. This allowed others to specialize as well outside of farming. Led to the development of trading. Industrial Revolution- 200 years ago people developed power-driven machines to make things

Development of Institutions Institutions- customs and organizations with social, educational, and religious purposes. After Agro. Revolution more complex institutions needed to be developed Extended families, political institutions,

• As cities grew other institutions were needed Organized religion Armies for protection Governments Schools Today we have new types of institutions Sports clubs Universities Corporations Institutions are an important part of our culture

Culture and Society

How Society is Organized Society- group of people that share a culture Social Structure- pattern of organized relationships among groups of people within a society Family is the most basic and most important social unit

Social Classes  Social

Classes- groups of people based on rank or status  determined by: wealth, land, education, or ancestors

Kinds of families Nuclear family- Mother, Father and kids  common in developed nations  Extended families- families that include several generation  less common and mainly found in developing and rural developed nations 

Language  Language

is the basis for culture  Each culture even if within the same country is different because of language

Religion  every

culture has some sort of religion  Beliefs and practices may vary between religions  Helps make sense of the world  Provides comfort and hope

Helps to answer purpose and meaning of life Guides people in ethics (standard or accepted behaviors). All have prayer and rituals One or many gods Celebrate special places and times