Ch4

‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴﻴﻦ )ع(‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪۴‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان درس ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬

‫‪Analytical Photogrammetry‬‬

‫اراﺋﻪ دهﻨﺪﻩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺎ ﺧﺰاﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪E-mail: [email protected]‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﺴﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﯽ ‪٨۵-٨۶-٢ :‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﻝﻴﺒﺮاﺱﻴﻮن‬

‫‪Multi-Collimator‬‬

‫„‬ ‫„‬ ‫„‬

‫)ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﺘﺮﻳﮏ(‬

‫دورﺏﻴﻨﻬﺎی ﻣﺘﺮیﮏ هﻮایﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻓﻴﺪوﺵﺎل ﻣﺎرﮐﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮهﺎی اﻋﻮﺟﺎﺟﺎت ﻝﻨﺰ‬

‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮهﺎی ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ داﺥﻠﯽ‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫)‪refinement of image coordinates .... Safa Khazaei (winter, 2007‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

Multi-Collimator

5

6

an image taken from above the bank of collimators, where the camera would be located.

7

8

refinement of image coordinates .... Safa Khazaei (winter, 2007)

2

‫اﺑﻬﺎم ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ و ﻋﮑﺲ ‪Film Deformation‬‬

‫در ﮐﺎرهﺎی ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ دﻗﺖ ﺥﻴﻠﯽ زﻳﺎد )ﺑﺮد ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ(‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﮑﻨﻮاﺥﺖ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻬﺎت‬

‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ هﻨﻮز ‪ distortion‬ﻣﺪل ﻥﺸﺪﻩ ای وﺟﻮد داﺵﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺵﺪ)ﺑﺨﺼﻮص در‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‪ :‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎدﻩ از داروهﺎی ﻇﻬﻮر و ﺁب (‪ ،‬زﻳﺮا ﻥﻘﺎط ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﺪﺵﺎل ﻣﺎرﮐﻬﺎی ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﻋﮑﺲ ﺑﻮدﻩ اﺳﺖ و در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻋﮑﺲ هﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻥﻘﻄﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﯽ ﻥﺪاﺵﺘﻪ اﻳﻢ‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﮑﻨﻮاﺥﺖ در ﺟﻬﺎت ‪ x‬و ‪y‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺥﻄﯽ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻬﺎت‬ ‫‪ -۴‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻳﮑﻨﻮاﺥﺖ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻬﺎت‬

‫‪2D Similarity‬‬ ‫‪2D Affine‬‬

‫‪2D Projective‬‬ ‫‪2D Polynomials‬‬

‫راﻩ ﺣﻞ ‪ :‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎدﻩ از ‪Reseau Grid‬‬ ‫‪National Geodetic Survey‬‬

‫ﻳﮏ ﮔﺮﻳﺪ)ﺵﺒﮑﻪ( از ﺗﺎرﮔﺘﻬﺎﻳﯽ )‪ (+‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻝﻨﺰ دورﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﮑﺲ هﺴﺘﻨﺪ و روی ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدﻥﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ +‬هﺎ دارای ﻓﻮاﺹﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑﻮدﻩ و ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮی ﺁﻥﻬﺎ در ‪) CCC‬ﮔﺰارش ﮐﺎﻝﻴﺒﺮاﺳﻴﻮن دورﺑﻴﻦ( ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮس ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺵﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‪ ۴‬ﻓﻴﺪوﺵﺎل ﻣﺎرک‬

‫‪Bilinear polynomial‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‪ ٨‬ﻓﻴﺪوﺵﺎل ﻣﺎرک‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫اﻋﻮﺟﺎﺟﺎت ﻝﻨﺰ‬

‫‪Reseau Camera‬‬

‫اﺵﻌﻪ ﻥﻮری ﭘﺲ از ﻋﺒﻮر از ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ دﭼﺎر اﻥﺤﺮاف ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫‪Seidel Aberration Distortion / Radial Lens Distortion‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻝﻔﻪ هﺎی اﻋﻮﺟﺎﺟﺎت ﻝﻨﺰ‬ ‫‪Decenteric Distortion‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻝﻬﺎی رﻳﺎﺿﯽ ﺳﺮﺵﮑﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ای ﻣﺪل را ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻥﻤﻮد‪.‬‬

‫)‪refinement of image coordinates .... Safa Khazaei (winter, 2007‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

Seidel Aberration Distortion ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﻴﻮب ﺳﺎﺥﺖ ﮐﺎرﺥﺎﻥﻪ ای‬

Radial Lens Distortion

‫ از آﺎﻝﻴﺒﺮاﺳﻴﻮن دورﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ روش‬K ‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺵﻜﻨﻲ آﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ اﺳﺖ‬

a’ a

pp

‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت آﺎﻝﻴﺒﺮاﺳﻴﻮن‬ (‫)ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺵﺪﻩ‬ 13

Positive

Pin Cushion Type Radial Lens Distortion

15

xc = x(1 − OR

δr

) r δr yc = y (1 − 14) r

Negative

Barrel Type Radial Lens Distortion

16

refinement of image coordinates .... Safa Khazaei (winter, 2007)

4

‫‪Decentric Lens Distortion‬‬

‫ﮔﺰارش ﮐﺎﻝﻴﺒﺮاﺳﻴﻮن اﻋﻮﺟﺎج ﺵﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﻝﻨﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻥﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺹﻮرﺗﻬﺎی ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺵﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪r‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪم هﻢ ﺗﺮازی ﻣﻮﻝﻔﻪ هﺎی ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻝﻨﺰ‬ ‫• ﺟﺪول‬ ‫• ﻥﻤﻮداری‬ ‫• ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭼﻤﻠﻪ ای‬

‫‪dr‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪Lens Cone Assembly‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫اﻋﻮﺟﺎج )ﺗﺎﺑﻴﺪﮔﻲ( ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮآﺰي ﻝﻨﺰ‬ ‫‪De-centering Lens Distortion‬‬

‫‪α‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫)‪refinement of image coordinates .... Safa Khazaei (winter, 2007‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

DECENTERING DISTORTION

ISPRS ‫ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ‬P3 ‫ و‬P2 ، P1 ‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ‬ ‫اﻋﻮﺟﺎج ﻣﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺵﻨﺪ‬ 21

22

23

24

refinement of image coordinates .... Safa Khazaei (winter, 2007)

6

Atmospheric Refraction

Atmospheric Refraction

p’

Z0 = H P

‫زﻣﻴﻦ‬ Z=h ‫ﺱﻄﺢ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ‬ 25

26

27

28

Atmospheric Refraction

n

ARDC ‫ﻣﺪل‬ Air Research & Development Command of the US Air Force

refinement of image coordinates .... Safa Khazaei (winter, 2007)

7

‫اﻥﺤﻨﺎی زﻣﻴﻦ ‪Earth Curvature‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﺮاي ﻋﻜﺴﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺪل اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮی اراﺋﻪ ﺵﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ Saastamoinen‬ﺑﺮای ارﺗﻔﺎع ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ‪ ٩‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮای ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ‪ ٩‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺪل ﺑﻪ ﺵﮑﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺳﺎدﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد ‪:‬‬

‫هﻤﻮارﻩ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﺳﺖ‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪EARTH CURVATURE‬‬

‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪∆H‬‬ ‫'‪H‬‬

‫≈ ‪∆D‬‬

‫‪Where :‬‬

‫‪32‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫)‪refinement of image coordinates .... Safa Khazaei (winter, 2007‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

Amount of earth curvature (in mm) for vertical photography assuming a focal length of 150 mm

Image Motion Blur ‫ﺗﻴﺮﮔﯽ ﻥﺎﺵﯽ از ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ هﻮاﭘﻴﻤﺎ‬

33

d r V .d t = c h

d r = V .d t .

c h

34

‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﮐﻠﯽ‬

∆rTotal = ∆rRadial + ∆rDe−Centering + ∆ratmospheric − ∆rEarth−Curvature

∆xTotal = ∆x Radial + ∆x De−Centering + ∆xatmospheric − ∆x Earth−Curvature ∆yTotal = ∆y Radial + ∆y De−Centering + ∆y atmospheric − ∆y Earth−Curvature

Forward Motion Compensation

IMC / FMC Image Motion Compensation 35

36

refinement of image coordinates .... Safa Khazaei (winter, 2007)

9