Ccna3 V3.1 Module 6

CCNA 3 v3.1 Module 6 Switch Configuration LOCAL CISCO ACADEMY ELSYS TU INSTRUCTOR: STELA STEFANOVA © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Objectives

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Starting the Switch Switches: • are dedicated, specialized computers, which contain a central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), and an operating system; • have several ports that hosts can connect to; • have specialized ports for the purpose of management; • can be managed and the configuration can be viewed and changed through the console port ; • typically have no power switch to turn them on and off - simply connect or disconnect from a power source; © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Catalyst 2950 series Switches Features • Fixed configuration symmetrical switches with all ports being FastEthernet or 10/100; • Asymmetrical switches with two fixed fiber or copper Gigabit Ethernet ports; • Asymmetrical switches with modular Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) slots

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LEDs Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) • help monitor system activity and performance; • on the front of a switch: - System LED - Remote Power Supply (RPS) LED - Port Mode LEDs - Port Status LEDs

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LEDs System LED • shows whether the system is receiving power and functioning correctly;

RPS LED • indicates whether or not the remote power supply is in use;

Mode LEDs • indicate the current state of the Mode button; • are used to determine how the Port Status LEDs are interpreted; • to select or change the port mode, press the Mode button repeatedly until the Mode LEDs indicate the desired mode.

Port Status LEDs •

have different meanings, depending on the current value of the Mode LED. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Switch Mode LED Indicators

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Mode LED

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Mode LED

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Mode LED

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Verifying Port LEDs During Switch POST Power-On Self Test (POST) • runs automatically to verify that the switch functions correctly; • POST failure is considered to be a fatal error; • should not expect a reliable operation of the switch if POST fails.

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Verifying Port LEDs During Switch POST Port Status LEDs during POST: turn amber - for about 30 seconds • the switch discovers the network topology and searches for loops; turn green • the switch has established a link between the port and a target, such as a computer; turn off • the switch has determined that nothing is plugged into the port. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Connecting Switch to PC

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Console Connection

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Console Connection

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Console Connection

Shows information about the switch: • details about POST status; • data about the switch hardware. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Switch CLI

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Command-Line Interface (CLI)

Command-line interface (CLI) for Cisco switches: • is very similar to the CLI for Cisco routers.

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“Help” command

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“help” command “Help” command Word help • to obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character sequence, enter those characters followed immediately by the question mark (?); • do not enter a space before the question mark; • it completes a word. Command syntax help • to list keywords or arguments that are associated with a particular command, enter one or more words associated with the command, followed by a space and then a question mark (?); • provides applicable keywords or arguments based on a partial command. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Command Modes

• User EXEC • Privileged EXEC

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User EXEC mode User EXEC mode • default mode; • is recognized by its prompt, which ends in a greater-than character (>); • available commands are limited: - to change terminal settings; - to perform basic tests; - to display system information. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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“show” command

Show commands that are available in User EXEC mode © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Privileged EXEC mode Privileged EXEC mode • to enter enable command is used from User EXEC mode; • is recognized by its prompt, which ends in a poundsign character (#); • the command set includes the configure command: - allows other command modes to be accessed; • should be password protected to prevent unauthorized use; • the password does not appear on the screen, and is case sensitive. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Default Running Configuration

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Default Running Configuration Default Running Configuration • when powered up for the first time, a switch has default data in the running configuration file; • default hostname - Switch; • no passwords are set on the console or virtual terminal (vty) lines; • the switch has no IP address (IP address for management purposes is configured on the virtual interface VLAN 1) © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Verifying the Catalyst Switch Default Configuration

• show running-config • show interface • show vlan • show flash • show version

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Default Running Configuration

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Default Port Settings

Default Running Configuration • the switch ports or interfaces are set to auto mode; • all switch ports are in VLAN 1; • VLAN 1 is known as the default management VLAN.

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Default Port Settings

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Default Port Settings

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Default Flash Directory Content IOS image

file env_vars sub-directory html

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Default Flash Directory Content Default Running Configuration • by default flash directory contains: - IOS image; - file env_vars; - sub-directory html. • flash directory does not contain: - config.text – switch configuration file; - vlan.dat - VLAN database file. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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IOS Version and Config. Register show version command – used to verify: • IOS version; • configuration register settings.

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Reset Switch Configuration

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Reset Switch Configuration Steps to overwrite any existing configuration:

• Remove the current VLAN information: - delete the VLAN database file vlan.dat from the flash directory • Erase the back up configuration file: - delete file startup-config • Restart the switch: - use reload command. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Reset Switch Configuration

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Configuring the Switch

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Hostname and Passwords Configuration

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IP address and Default Gateway Configuration IP address Configuration: • allows the switch to be accessible by Telnet and other TCP/IP applications

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VLAN1 Management VLAN: • by default, VLAN 1 is the management VLAN; • all internetworking devices should be in the management VLAN; • allows a single management workstation to access, configure, and manage all the internetworking devices. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Port Speed and Duplex Settings Configuration

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Port Speed and Duplex Settings Configuration

Fast Ethernet switch ports: •by default set to auto-speed and autoduplex (allows the interfaces to negotiate these settings); •Network administrators can manually configure the interface speed and duplex values

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HTTP Service and Port Configuration • Intelligent network devices can provide a web-based interface for configuration and management purposes; • Once a switch is configured with an IP address and gateway, it can be accessed by a web-based interface; HTTP services: • can be access by a web browser using: - IP address; - port 80 - the default port for http. • can be turned on or off, and the port address for the service can be chosen. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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HTTP Service and Port Configuration

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Configuring the Catalyst Switch

Web Management Interface

Web Management Interface

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Managing the MAC Address Table

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MAC Address Table Switches • examine the source address of frames that are received on the ports; • learn the MAC addresses of PCs or workstations that are connected to their switch ports; • record learned MAC addresses in a MAC address table. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Check Learned MAC Addresses

show mac-address-table command - Privileged EXEC mode • examines the addresses that a switch has learned © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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MAC Address Table Switches: • dynamically learn and maintain thousands of MAC addresses; • learned entries may be discarded from the MAC address table (to preserve memory and for optimal operation) ; • the MAC address entry is automatically discarded or aged out after 300 seconds (if no frames are seen with a previously learned address). © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Check Learned MAC Addresses

Clear mac-address-table command - Privileged EXEC mode • used to remove dynamically learned MAC addresses; • used to remove static MAC address entries. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Managing the MAC Address Table

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Static MAC Addresses

Static MAC address: • permanently assigned to an interface; Reasons for use a Static MAC address: • will not be aged out automatically by the switch; • a specific server or user workstation must be attached to the port and the MAC address is known; • Security is enhanced. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Configuring Static MAC Addresses

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Configuring Static MAC Addresses

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Static MAC Addresses

To configure: Switch(config)#mac-address-table static <macaddress of host > interface FastEthernet <Ethernet number > vlan To remove: Switch(config)# no mac-address-table static <macaddress of host > interface FastEthernet <Ethernet number > vlan © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Port Security

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Port Security Port Security • It is possible to limit the number of addresses that can be learned on an interface; • the number of MAC addresses per port can be limited to 1; • the first address dynamically learned by the switch becomes the secure address. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Port Security Configuration

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Port Security

To configure port security : Switch(config-if)#switchport

port-security

To reverse port security: Switch(config-if)# no switchport port-

security To verify port security status: Switch(config)#show port security

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Adding and Moving Switches to the Network

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Adding New Switch Adding New Switch Must be configured: • Switch name; • IP address for the switch in the management VLAN; • a default gateway; • Line passwords. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Adding New Switch

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Moving a Switch

Host is moved: • from one port or switch to another; • configurations that can cause unexpected behavior should be removed; • configuration that is required can then be added.

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Add, Remove and Change MAC Addresses

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Managing Switch Operation

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Managing Switch Operation • An administrator should document and maintain the operational configuration files for networking devices; • The most recent running-configuration file should be backed up on a server or disk; • The Cisco IOS Software should also be backed up to a local server. The Cisco IOS Software can then be reloaded to Flash memory if needed. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Managing Switch Operation

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Password Recovery

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Enable Security

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Passwords

Passwords • must be set on the console and vty linesfor security and management purposes; • must be set enable password; • must be set enable secret password.

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Password Recovery (2950) •

Make sure that a PC is connected to the console port and a HyperTerminal window is open.

•

Turn the switch off. Turn it back on while holding down the “MODE” button on the front of the switch at the same time that the switch is powered on. Release the “MODE” button after the STAT LED goes out. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Password Recovery (2950) •

Type flash_init

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Type load_helper

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Type dir flash:

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rename flash:config.text flash:config.old

•

Type boot

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N at the following prompt to start the Setup program. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Password Recovery (2950)

•

Type rename flash:config.old flash:config.text

2. copy flash:config.text system:runningconfig

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Password Recovery (2950)

11.

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Firmware and IOS Images

To upgrade the IOS, download a copy of the new image to a local server from the Cisco Connection Online (CCO) Software Center

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Summary

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Exercises E-Labs 6.2.1. e-Lab Activity – Basic Switch Operation 6.2.2. e-Lab Activity – Basic Switch Configuration 6.2.3. e-Lab Activity – Managing the MAC Address Table 6.2.4. e-Lab Activity – Configuring Static MAC Addresses 6.2.5. e-Lab Activity – Configuring Port Security 6.2.6. e-Lab Activity – Add, Move, Change MAC Addresses 6.2.7. e-Lab Activity – Managing Switch Operating System Files 6.2.7. e-Lab Activity – Managing Switch Startup Configuration Files 6.2.8. e-Lab Activity – Password Recovery Procedure on a Catalyst 2900 Series Switch 6.2.9. e-Lab Activity – Firmware Upgrade on a Catalyst 2900 Series Switch © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Exercises Lab Activity 6.2.1. Lab Activity – Verifying Default Switch Configuration 6.2.2. Lab Activity – Basic Switch Configuration 6.2.3. Lab Activity – Managing the MAC Address Table 6.2.4. Lab Activity – Configuring Static MAC Addresses 6.2.5. Lab Activity – Configuring Port Security 6.2.6. Lab Activity – Add, Move, Change MAC Addresses 6.2.7. Lab Activity – Managing Switch Operating System Files 6.2.7. Lab Activity – Managing Switch Startup Configuration Files 6.2.8. Lab Activity – Password Recovery Procedure on a Catalyst 2900 Series Switch 6.2.9. Lab Activity – Firmware Upgrade on a Catalyst 2900 Series Switch © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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