Cat 2009 English Test 50

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English Test 50 Directions for Questions from 1 to 5: Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.

1. Such nuggets abound. Americans have a wider anti-big-business streak. Britons are cooler on multiculturalism. Britons are more willing than Americans to curb civil liberties in pursuit of security. Americans are less keen not only on the United Nations but also on NATO - and more enthusiastic about the “special relationship” with Britain. If the British could choose their leader from a host of recent Anglo-American greats, they would pick Bill Clinton before Tony Blair. So would Americans, even if they may turn down his wife. ________________________________________

j Of the current presidential candidates, British Tories would vote for Barack Obama; Labour supporters prefer Hillary Clinton by a narrow k l m n margin. j We will have to consciously assess where these differences lead to. k l m n j Do the differences we found matter? k l m n j People in both places are worried about the economic future but still bullish on chances for bright kids from poor families. k l m n j They feel much the same about the death penalty: they are broadly against it. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n

2. When it comes to foreign policy, there really are two Americas. The divisions are at their sharpest over Iraq, but they extend much further. Should America put the “war on terrorism” at the heart of its foreign policy or treat it as just one concern among many? Should America bomb Iran or allow Iran to get the bomb ? ________________________________________

j Should it allow the Republicans to pick up the cudgels on behalf of the democrats ? k l m n j These deep divisions are the legacy of a man whose name will not appear on the ballot in November. k l m n j Should it implicate the hardliners and let go of fence - sitters ? k l m n j Should it negotiate with its enemies or wait for them to mend their ways ? k l m n j Should it remain as expected- a dyed-in-the-wool realistic nation or turn into a nation with rightist convictions? k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n

3. But it is important to mention that the European commission is the leading voice in the “chorus” calling for sustainability criteria - by establishing such criteria for biofuels that can be consumed in the EU. The new directive for renewable energy sources will call for the promotion of only sustainable biofuels, i.e. those that save at least 35% CO2 compared to the oil that would be consumed instead. ______________

j On the contrary, it is delivering significant greenhouse gas reductions compared to oil. k l m n j The commission strongly disagrees with the assumption that the overall environmental effect of existing biofuel policy is negative. k l m n j The directive also stresses on the renewal of unconventional sources of energy, bringing into limelight the wind energy. k l m n j Today there are only three ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport: the shift to less polluting and more energy efficient k l m n modes of transport (i.e. rail, sea shipping, public transport); the promotion of less consuming cars through CO2 /km t j At the same time the directive will include robust sustainability standards to prevent damaging land - use change and the destruction of k l m n rainforests. i Skip this question j k l m n

4. For years experts have been asking what will we eat when the crises of climate change and oil depletion converge, with the possible end of our globalized food supply. Our tea and coffee and spices might still come from abroad, but what about salad vegetables, beef and fresh orange juice? _______________

j The Western palate is extremely demanding and the realization on the part of the health conscious population of the severity of the situation k l m n may lead to a number of problems for the government.

j But last year’s rate of factory-gate inflation was the highest for more than 16 years, with increases ranging from 7.5% for bread to 15% for k l m n milk, cheese and eggs and 60% for rice. j Overall food inflation is 6.6%, in a year when oil prices have risen by 70%. k l m n j Britain currently imports about $ 22bn worth of food and drink a year, 68% from the EU. k l m n j Cheap oil has let the West regard the whole world as its farmyard, always seeking the cheapest place to produce and process. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n

5. Though these worries often seem very different from those of the real world, we are not in fact talking about dangers that weren’t there before. The single most important thing that parents can do is to bring up their children to be sensible and savvy - these are precisely the qualities that they need in order to know right from wrong (and scary situations from safe situations) when they are online. ______________

j By nature, children have an innate curiosity about the real world. k l m n j Almost as important is to keep the lines of communication open. k l m n j As the internet allows children to communicate on a global scale, parents need to increase considerably their own levels of communication with k l m n children, and to show an interest in what they are doing online. j A no-blame policy is also a must, so that if they do encounter chatroom imposters and online bullies, or expose you to bankruptcy, at least you k l m n have a chance of finding out in time to prevent lasting damage j It is important to gauge the adverse effects of the internet before going online. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n Directions for Questions from 6 to 10: The sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph

6. A. To avoid this, the QWERTY layout put the keys most likely to be hit in rapid succession on opposite sides. This made the keyboard slow, the story goes, but that was the idea. B. A different layout, which had been patented by August Dvorak in 1936, was shown to be much faster. C. The QWERTY design (patented by Christopher Sholes in 1868 and sold to Remington in 1873) aimed to solve a mechanical problem of early typewriters. D. Yet the Dvorak layout has never been widely adopted, even though (with electric typewriters and then PCs) the anti-jamming rationale for QWERTY has been defunct for years. E. When certain combinations of keys were struck quickly, the type bars often jammed.

j BDACE k l m n j CEABD k l m n j BCDEA k l m n j CAEBD k l m n j None k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n

7. A. A few months ago I went to Princeton University to see what the young people who are going to be running our country in a few decades are like. B. I would go to sleep in my hotel room around midnight each night, and when I awoke, my mailbox would be full of replies—sent at 1:15 a.m., 2:59 a.m., 3:23 a.m. C. One senior told me that she went to bed around two and woke up each morning at seven; she could afford that much rest because she had learned to supplement her full day of work by studying in her sleep. D. Faculty members gave me the names of a few dozen articulate students, and I sent them emails, inviting them out to lunch or dinner in small groups. E. As she was falling asleep she would recite a math problem or a paper topic to herself; she would then sometimes dream about it, and when she woke up, the problem might be solved

j DABCE k l m n j DACEB k l m n j ADBCE k l m n j AECBD k l m n j None k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n

8. A. Four days later, Oracle announced its own bid for PeopleSoft, and invited the firm's board to a discussion. B. Furious that his own plans had been endangered, PeopleSoft's boss, Craig Conway, called Oracle's offer "diabolical", and its boss, Larry Ellison, a “sociopath". C. In early June, PeopleSoft said that it would buy J .D. Edwards, a smaller rival. D. Moreover, said Mr. Conway, he “could imagine no price nor combination of price and other conditions to recommend accepting the offer." E. On June 12th, PeopleSoft turned Oracle down.

j CABDE k l m n j CADBE k l m n j CEDAB k l m n j CAEBD k l m n j None k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n

9. A. I am much more intolerant of a human being’s shortcomings than I am of an animal’s, but in this respect I have been lucky, for most of the people I have come across have been charming. B. Then you come across the unpleasant human animal – the District Officer who drawled, ‘We chaps are here to help you chaps,’ and then proceeded to be as obstructive as possible. C. In these cases of course, the fact that you are an animal collector helps; people always seem delighted to meet someone with such an unusual occupation and go out of their way to assist you. D. Fortunately, these types are rare, and the pleasant ones I have met more than compensated for them – but even so, I think I will stick to animals. E. When you travel round the world collecting animals you also, of necessity, collect human beings.

j EA CBD k l m n j ABDCE k l m n j ECBDA k l m n j ACBDE k l m n j None k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n

10. A. Surrendered, or captured, combatants cannot be incarcerated in razor wire cages; this ‘war’ has a dubious legality. B. How can then one characterize a conflict to be waged against a phenomenon as war? C. The phrase ‘war against terror’, which has passed into the common lexicon, is a huge misnomer. D. Besides, war has a juridical meaning in international law, which has confided the laws of war, imbuing them with a humanitarian content. E. Terror is a phenomenon, not an entity – either State or non-State

j ECDBA k l m n j BECDA k l m n j EBCAD k l m n j CEBDA k l m n j None k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n

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