Cad Overlay2i Gsg

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Typefaces from the Bitstream ® typeface library © 1992. Typefaces from Payne Loving Trust © 1996. All rights reserved. The license management portion of this product is based on Élan License Manager © 1989, 1990, 1998 Élan Computer Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Portions of CAD Overlay licensed by Hitachi Software Engineering Co., Ltd. under US Patents 5,291,561, 5,253,338, & 5,339,366. Portions (libgeotiff) copyright (c) 1995 Niles D. Ritter. Portions of this computer program are copyright © 1995-1999 LizardTech, Inc. All rights reserved. MrSID is protected by U.S. Patent No. 5,710,835. Foreign Patents Pending Portions of this computer program are copyright © 2000 Earth Resource Mapping, Inc. WexTech AnswerWorks © 2000 WexTech Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Wise for Installation System for Windows Installer © 2000 Wise Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. © C-Dilla Labs, a Macrovision company. GOVERNMENT USE Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U. S. 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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C O

Contents

"›

pcamV˜§a›^˜ ¦Fd"©

^"z›F s

Fd4phF˜›p˜ ¦Fd"© ¢¬¬¬a˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ In This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 What’s New in CAD Overlay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CAD Overlay Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 When to Use CAD Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Who Should Use CAD Overlay? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 How to Use the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Getting Started Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 KOnline Tutorials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 CAD Overlay Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

^"z›F ¢

F››amV˜›"›F=˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜s• Minimum Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimum Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network Installation of CAD Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using CAD Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Starting CAD Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring CAD Overlay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accessing the CAD Overlay Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Image Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using AutoCAD Imaging Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18 18 18 19 19 19 20 21 22 26 26 27

iii

Image Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Image Insertion and Correlation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Image Manage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using AutoCAD Commands on Your Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exiting the Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

^"z›F 

F"›amV:˜ m’F›amV:˜"m=˜"¦amV˜ h"VF’ ˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜  Creating New Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inserting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pick Correlation Source Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modify Correlation Values Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insertion Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saving Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exporting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

^"z›F T

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Contents

56 56 59 62 65 68

pcamV˜§a›^˜"’›F˜"›"˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ •s Editing Raster Using REM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Region Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enhanced Bitonal Region Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primitive Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Region Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enhanced Bitonal Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selection Options for Enhanced Bitonal Region Objects . . . . . . . . . Connected Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smart Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primitive Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

iv

46 48 50 52

h"VF˜=a›amV ˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ QQ Correlating Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rubbersheeting an Image After Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enhancing and Converting Grayscale and Color Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enhancing Images Using Image Processing and Cleanup Commands . . . Selecting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merging Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

^"z›F –

34 35 38 39 40 41 42

F››amV˜ h"VF˜pzF›aF’ ˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ TQ Setting Up Your Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changing Layer, Color, Linetype, and Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Applying Transparency Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Masking Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

^"z›F Q

27 28 28 29 30

72 72 73 73 74 74 76 77 80 81 82

Using REM Objects to Edit Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Edit Mode Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Merging REM Objects into Existing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Merging Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Snapping to Binary Raster Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

^"z›F •

pm¦F›amV˜"’›F˜›p˜F4›p˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ns Vectorization Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vectorizing and Verifying Dimensions with Vectorization Tools . . . . . . . . . . The Follower Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Vector Separation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Key Concepts: Vectorization Tools . . . . . . . .

"› ^"z›F G

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 .. .. .. ..

. . . . . . . . . . . 92 . . . . . . . . . . . 94 . . . . . . . . . . . 96 . . . . . . . . . . . 99

m’›"dd"›apm˜ ¤a=F m’›"ddamV˜ ¦Fd"©˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜s¬ Choosing Your Installation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Single-User Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Network Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Common Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Network Deployment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Client Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Your CAD Overlay CD-ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 The CAD Overlay CD-ROM for Customers in the United States and Canada (Domestic). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 The CAD Overlay CD-ROM for International Customers . . . . . . . . 109 Checking System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Minimum System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Network Installation of CAD Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Requirements for Sharing Data in a Network Environment . . . . . . 110 Preparing for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Virtual Memory Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Login as Administrator (Windows NT Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Installation Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Where to Install Your Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Unique Installation Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Custom Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 More than One AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Installing Single-User CAD Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

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v

Installing CAD Overlay on a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Client Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network Deployment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Associating CAD Overlay to Your AutoCAD Desktop . . . . . . . . . . CAD Overlay Program Group Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAD Overlay Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

^"z›F n

113 113 114 114 114 115

a4Fm’amV˜ ¦Fd"©˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ ss• Flexible Licensing Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Single-User Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Floating Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Registering Your Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Authorizing CAD Overlay for a Domestic Single User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Authorizing CAD Overlay for an International Single User . . . . . . . . . . Important License Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Understanding the License Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changing the System Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Updating Components on a Licensed Computer or Installing a New Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uninstalling and Reinstalling CAD Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restoring from a Disk Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . License Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAD Overlay Portable License Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Understanding License Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viewing License Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transferring a License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adding a Computer to the Pool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exporting a License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importing a License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modifying the Pool of Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifying Portable License Utility Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licensing CAD Overlay on a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118 118 118 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 126 128 129 130 131

zzFm=a¨  ¤zzp›F=˜ h"VF˜ ph"›’ ˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ s zzFm=a¨ 

 ¦Fd"©˜phh"m=˜¤hh"©˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ s•

dp’’"© ˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ sT m=F¨˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜˜ s–s

vi

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Contents

Part 1 Working with CAD Overlay

1

2

| Part 1

Working with CAD Overlay

Welcome to CAD Overlay 2000i

1

Autodesk® CAD Overlay® 2000i converts scanned paper

In this chapter

drawings, blueprints, aerial photographs, and maps into

■ New features in this release

data you can edit and manage in AutoCAD® drawings. You can insert binary, grayscale, and color raster images into your AutoCAD drawings, then correlate, edit,

■ Basics of using raster and

vector images with CAD Overlay and AutoCAD ■ How to use the documentation

manipulate, convert, save, and export the data.

3

CAD Overlay 2000i allows you to convert scanned paper drawings, blueprints, aerial photographs, and maps into data you can edit and manage in AutoCAD drawings. You can insert binary, grayscale, and color raster images into your AutoCAD drawings, then correlate, edit, manipulate, convert, save, and export the data. This release can increase your efficiency and accuracy by providing improved access to tools and commands, a full array of vectorization tools, and the ability to share image and correlation data on the Internet.

In This Manual The purpose of this manual is to provide you with the information you need to get started with CAD Overlay. Part 1 presents the fundamentals of CAD Overlay 2000i. Part 2 provides installation, licensing, and upgrade information. Appendix A lists raster image formats supported by CAD Overlay. The glossary provides definitions of terms used with the software. The rest of this chapter describes: ■ ■ ■

New features in this release Basics of using raster and vector images with CAD Overlay and AutoCAD How to use the software and documentation

You will find detailed documentation online in the form of tutorials and a User’s Guide in online Help. This section describes how to use all the documentation, printed and online.

What’s New in CAD Overlay CAD Overlay 2000i is the most powerful imaging tool yet. You now have improved ability to convert raster data to vector with the new Vectorization tools. Image management functions have been consolidated into one easy location. And editing images—even sub-regions of images—has never been easier.

For links to more detailed information about each feature, use locate “What’s New in CAD Overlay 2000i” in online Help.

4

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Chapter 1

Welcome to CAD Overlay 2000i

to

What’s New in CAD Overlay Function

Feature

Enhancements

››"4^amV˜ h"VF’

Insert Image

Reads and writes geo-referenced images to and from the Internet with URL support * Inserts geo-referenced wavelet format imagery including ECW and MrSID * Browses drives, previews image thumbnails and details, and inserts images with frames only

"¦amV˜"m=˜ ¨zp›amV

Save As/Export

Saves images to favorite locations on the Internet, including Buzzsaw.com and Redspark.com *

Export World File

Exports the correlation of the selected image as a world file without exporting the image itself *

Manual Correlation

Repositions the insertion point, scale, or rotation With the new user interface, helps correlate your images more easily

Rubbersheet

Autodesk Land Development Desktop users can substitute COGO points when prompted to enter a point * You can choose multi-point image registration through control points Provides access through a new user interface, which contains error reporting and control point editing

Image Manage Dialog Box

Controls display order and manages images and insertions with the redesigned Image Manage dialog box * Manages any attached images by showing the image’s attributes. New right-click menu options

MDE

Full integration of AutoCAD MDE (Multiple Document Environment)

Single Image Optimization

Automatic image selection if only one image is attached to a drawing

Deskew

Rotates the small angle of an image using a raster reference Performs an image edit rather than simply a frame rotation

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h"VF˜

"m"VFhFm›

h"VF˜=a›amV

What’s New in CAD Overlay

|

5

Function

6

|

Chapter 1

Feature

Enhancements (continued)

Despeckle

Removes imperfections in the scanning process from the entire image or from a sub-region of the image * You can specify speckle size by clicking a speckle or defining a window in the image * You can de-select speckles, or regions, before the selected speckles are deleted *

Change Color Depth

You can adjust an image’s color depth to any supported depth from bitonal to true color *

Change Density

You can increase or decrease image density *

Bitonal Filters

You can filter the entire image or a sub-region of the image * Thickening filter widens the edges of raster objects by one pixel (per pass) in the directions that you specify Smoothing filter removes unnecessary pixels from the edges of raster objects, and fills holes in raster lines and removes speckles from raster images Thinning filter trims raster objects by one pixel (per pass) in specified directions Skeletonize filter thins all raster data to a one-pixel thickness (you can use skeletonize, to thin your raster data to a one pixel width, and then run the thicken filter to achieve an equal width) Separate filter converts partially merged raster lines to two distinct lines

Bias

Stretches the image in the x and/or y direction to account for scanning errors *

Remove

Erase raster using existing geometry *

REM

A new, more intuitive paradigm to edit raster images as easily as vector Uses AutoCAD commands such as MOVE, SCALE, COPY, and ROTATE on raster objects

Welcome to CAD Overlay 2000i

Function

Feature

Enhancements (continued)

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Vectorization Tools

Creates circles, arcs, text, and rectangles with improved vectorization tools * Uses One Pick selection to create lines, polylines, arcs, and circles from raster drawings with a single click * Uses SmartCorrect technology with One Pick selection to apply AutoCAD drafting settings to lines and polylines * Follows raster to create polylines * Generates contour objects on the fly (requires AutoCAD® Land Development Desktop) * Controls output with Vector Separation control for continuous and noncontinuous entities * Creates profiles from raster drawings with 3DPolyline follower *

m"zzamV

Raster Snap

Controls snap modes, aperture size and glyphs through AutoCAD’s Drafting Settings dialog box Accesses the Raster Snap tab on AutoCAD’s Drafting Settings dialog box

* These feature enhancements are new in CAD Overlay 2000i, in addition to the changes in CAD Overlay 2000.

To use Autodesk CAD Overlay 2000i, you must have AutoCAD 2000 or another AutoCAD product, such as AutoCAD Map® 2000i, installed on your computer.

CAD Overlay Basics You can use CAD Overlay to edit and manage raster data. Raster data is a series of dots, or pixels, that represents an image. This type of data is produced when you scan a paper drawing, blueprint, or photograph. There are three types of raster images:

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Two-color line drawings, also called bitonal

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An image with several different shades of gray, such as a scanned black and white photograph

pdp

An image with multiple colors, such as a color satellite image

CAD Overlay Basics

|

7

Vector data, on the other hand, is a group of mathematical equations that generates lines, arcs, and other AutoCAD objects. Vector data is typically made up of points which are used to define precise geometric shapes. This type of data is produced when you draw objects in AutoCAD.

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˜F4›p

If you use AutoCAD without CAD Overlay, you can insert raster images into a drawing and modify image display values such as brightness and contrast. However, you need to use a raster editing program like CAD Overlay to do any of the following: ■ ■ ■ ■

Permanently edit the raster data of your images Insert images that include correlation data into a drawing Save images to another format Export images to create external correlation files

Key Concepts: CAD Overlay Basics ■

■

8

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Chapter 1

In CAD Overlay, image frames, also called boundaries, are defined as AutoCAD objects, which means you can assign a frame to a layer and change its color. In this documentation, the term raster entities refers to the lines, arcs, and circles, including text, that make up a binary raster image.

Welcome to CAD Overlay 2000i

Each line, circle, and arc in a binary raster image is a raster entity

"’›F˜Fm›a›aF’ ■

■

■

■

Raster data refers to the pixels that make up a binary, grayscale, or color image. All references to a raster image refer to an image file or to the representation of that image after it is inserted into an AutoCAD drawing. Converting raster to vector makes modifying a drawing easier and may result in reducing the total file size of your project. After you convert raster data to vector entities such as lines or polylines, you can edit the vector entities using AutoCAD commands. To convert raster to vector, you can use the CAD Overlay vectorization tools. You can use the CAD Overlay REM commands to edit individual raster entities and raster areas directly. You can create a selection set of a raster area or raster entities, and then you can move, copy, or delete the selection set using native AutoCAD commands. You can use vectorization tools to convert raster data to vector. Vectorization tools replace raster geometry with vector geometry that can be manipulated like any other AutoCAD objects, and vectorization tools can even remove the raster data as you proceed.

When to Use CAD Overlay You can use CAD Overlay to ■ ■

Insert images that respect correlation information from various sources Permanently adjust image brightness and contrast, convert color images to grayscale, and convert color and grayscale images to binary images—all by using a histogram

CAD Overlay Basics

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9

■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Trace the raster lines, arcs, circles, or even contours on a binary raster image, converting the raster geometry to vectors interactively or semiautomatically Modify the display order of images Merge two or more raster images Remove parts of images Merge vectors into a raster image Read, save, and export images to different names, locations, and formats Move, delete, and copy binary raster entities and areas on raster images using the REM (raster entity manipulation) commands Make vector additions to raster entities by using raster snap modes to snap the new vectors to existing raster entities Correlate images with AutoCAD coordinates or vectors Select a color in an image and make it transparent Clean up areas in raster images such as blueprints and floor plans Correct distortions in images

Who Should Use CAD Overlay? Anyone who wants to edit, manage, and correlate raster images with AutoCAD can benefit from the capabilities of CAD Overlay.

10

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4^a›F4›’

To incorporate photographs and old hand-drawn plans into new vector data for planning and presentation purposes before remodeling, renovating, or doing historic reconstruction.

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To take advantage of real-world coordinate support. When running on AutoCAD’s GIS based desktops, such as AutoCAD Land Development Desktop Release 2, and AutoCAD Map® Release 4, CAD Overlay gives you the ability to perform coordinate transformations.

m¦apmhFm›"d˜ ’zF4a"da’›’

To generate groundwater contours, locate wells, plot contamination values, and use scanned soil maps and georeferenced data for support of risk assessment.

Fp_F¨zdp"›apm˜ ’zF4a"da’›’˜"m=˜ FmVamFF’

To use remote sensing data for exploration planning, strata mapping, and geo-technical applications.

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To integrate imagery, maps, and terrain models into base maps that depict change analysis.

F4^"ma4"d˜ FmVamFF’

To easily update scanned drawings using raster entity manipulation (REM) commands.

Chapter 1

Welcome to CAD Overlay 2000i

^p›pV"hhF›a4˜ "m=˜Fhp›F˜ Fm’amV˜ ah’

To use many image formats, including GeoTIFF and GeoSPOT. Also, to use rubbersheeting and other correlation commands to integrate images into base maps.

F’p¤4F˜ h"m"VF’˜

To use remote sensing data, scanned forest cover-type maps and soil maps, and geo-referenced data and images for impact studies in forestry, soil science, hydrology, and wildlife management.

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To perform deed analysis using images for photogrammetric control by using the vectorization tools to convert raster to vector.

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To use scanned tax maps and ordinance surveys as references for detailing city systems and GIS tasks.

How to Use the Documentation The CAD Overlay documentation set is divided into three main categories: ■

■

■

This Getting Started guide highlights the features of CAD Overlay with key concepts, and directs you to the online tutorials and online Help , as appropriate, for greater detail. The online tutorials contain lessons to familiarize you with how CAD Overlay works. The lessons include actual drawing files for you to work on. It is recommended that you run through the tutorials for an understanding of how the CAD Overlay features are applied to real life scenarios. The online Help contains all the information you need to work with raster and vector images.

Getting Started Guide When a feature is described in this guide, the associated dialog box is shown along with instructions for using it. Key concepts summarize the feature’s main points, and brief procedures outline step by step how to use the feature and direct you to topics in the online documentation. If you needed to insert an image, for example, you might check the table of contents or the index. You would find that Chapter 3 contains the information you need, with numbered steps to follow to complete the task. Some steps include references to the online Help.

How to Use the Documentation

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11

For example: To insert an image ›Fz

’F˜˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

s Select Image ➤ Insert

Insert Images

or type aam’F›.

At the end of a topic in this manual, you will often see the following format that contains a reference to the online tutorials and Help files:

For more information about exporting images, use an Image by Exporting” in CAD Overlay online Help.

to locate “Save

Online Help The online Help files can provide you with detailed reference information about options, commands and dialog boxes. You can access CAD Overlay Help files by using several different methods. Each method takes you to a different place in the Help file, and each method has its own benefits. Accessing online Help F›^p=

F’¤d›

FmFOa›’

From the program group, select the CAD Overlay Help Files icon

Displays a help window with two panes. The navigation pane, on the left, includes Contents, Index, and Search tabs. Use these tabs to display information in the topic pane on the right side of the Help window.

This method can be useful when you are not sure which topic has the information you need. Since the navigation pane remains open while you view the topic, the context in which the current topic is located will often direct you to the information you need.

Displays the Help topic that describes the options in the dialog box.

This method takes you directly to the information you need while you have the dialog box open.

or Select Image ➤ Help.

Press F1 when you have a dialog box open.

12

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Chapter 1

Welcome to CAD Overlay 2000i

Accessing online Help (continued) F›^p=

F’¤d›

FmFOa›’

Press F1 when you are in the middle of running a command and the command line prompts you for input.

Displays the Help topic that describes the command you are running.

This method takes you directly to the information you need while you are using a command.

From the Image menu, select a command and press F1.

Displays the Help topic that describes the selected command.

This method takes you directly to the information you need.

Click a Help button in a dialog box.

Displays the Help topic that describes the options in the dialog box.

This method takes you directly to the information that you need while you have the dialog box open.

The following procedure describes how to locate a topic title in the Help file. To use online Help to locate CAD Overlay Help topic titles ›Fz’ s Select Image ➤ Help to display the main Help contents window.

¢ Click the Search tab. If you have not previously used the Search tab, the Search Setup Wizard will prompt you to create a word search database.

How to Use the Documentation

|

13

To use online Help to locate CAD Overlay Help topic titles (continued) ›Fz’  Click Next to continue. T Click Finish to create the word database. Q In the first edit box, type the name of the Help topic title you want to locate. Topics with a similar title will be displayed in the third box on the dialog box. – Click the name of the topic you want to locate, and then click Display to view the Help topic. • When the Help topic is displayed, you can print the topic by selecting Options ➤ Print Topic; you can view related topics by clicking the green, underlined text; or you can click Help Topics to return to the main Contents page.

Key Concepts: Online Help When you open the Help file, the Help window is divided into two panes. On the right is the navigation pane, where the Contents, Index, and Search tabs are displayed. Main topics are indicated on the Contents tab by book icons. If you double-click, or open, the book icon, individual topics are displayed under each book. To view a topic such as “Insert Images,” double-click the page icon, or select the page icon and click Display. You can also select a book and click Print to print the pages in that book if you want a paper copy of the information. If you installed CAD Overlay on AutoCAD 2000i, online Help features an additional feature called Query. Click the Query button to search online Help by entering a question in your own words. Because this method allows you to use synonyms for many CAD Overlay terms, you do not have to know the name of the command to find information about it. ■ ■

■ ■

14

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Chapter 1

The Help window has three tabs: Contents, Index, and Search. Click the Index tab to view a list of Help topics. You can double-click any index entry to view the topic for that entry. If more than one topic shares the same index entry, then you can choose the topic that you want to view. Click the Search tab if you want to search for specific words, for example, to search for Help topic titles that are listed in this guide. With a topic open, you can move to other relevant topics or definitions by selecting the green, underlined text.

Welcome to CAD Overlay 2000i

■ ■

You can click Back to move back to the previous topic. You can click the browse buttons to move forward and backward through a sequence of related topics.

Online Tutorials Each CAD Overlay tutorial contains a series of related lessons. A folder containing the images and drawings used in the lessons accompanies each tutorial. In each lesson, you work with various images to explore particular features of CAD Overlay. The lessons are organized based on how you would typically work with the those types of images. You can complete the lessons in any order you choose. The images and drawings used in later lessons do not require you to have completed the earlier lessons. You can access the tutorials by selecting Help on the Image menu and choosing CAD Overlay 2000i Tutorials. The tutorial lessons are displayed in a window you can keep open while you perform the steps in the lesson. If you want to hide the window while you perform the steps, then you can select Options ➤ Keep Help On Top ➤ Not on Top. If you want to print a tutorial, select the tutorial book icon on the Contents tab of the tutorial and click Print.

How to Use the Documentation

|

15

CAD Overlay Home Page If you have an Internet connection, then you can find additional information about CAD Overlay on the CAD Overlay home page. The CAD Overlay home page includes information about technical support, purchasing information, and how to access the CAD Overlay news group. To access the CAD Overlay home page ›Fz s Select Image ➤ CAD Overlay Home Page. or Click the

icon on the CAD Overlay toolbar.

or Open http://www.autodesk.com/overlayuser from your Web browser.

16

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Chapter 1

Welcome to CAD Overlay 2000i

Getting Started

2

CAD Overlay can read scanned and photographic

In this chapter

images, including GeoSPOT satellite images and wavelet

■ Minimum System Requirements

compressed images. More than 80 percent of the world’s engineering drawings still exist as paper drawings, which are sometimes damaged or misfiled and can be difficult to update. CAD Overlay provides an effective, low-cost method for archiving and updating these

■ Starting and configuring

CAD Overlay ■ Accessing the CAD Overlay

commands ■ Using CAD Overlay and

AutoCAD together ■ Using AutoCAD commands on

your images

drawings.

17

To use CAD Overlay, you must convert your paper drawing to raster data. You can use a large document scanner, a desktop scanner, or a hand-held scanner to save the raster image to a file type that CAD Overlay can read. File size is determined by the scan resolution (dots per inch), the file format, the comeplexity of the drawing, and the size of the paper drawing being scanned.

Minimum Requirements To run properly, CAD Overlay 2000i requires a minimum of the following hardware and software. If your computer does not meet the minimum requirements, upgrade your computer before installing any software, to avoid problems later.

Minimum Requirements ■ ■ ■

Pentium 133, or better or compatible processor Microsoft® Windows NT® 4.0 or Microsoft Windows 95b/98 AutoCAD 2000, AutoCAD Map® 2000, AutoCAD Architectural Desktop™ 2000 or any equivalent AutoCAD product

Hardware Requirements The following recommendations for RAM and hard disk space provide acceptable performance. Increasing RAM and hard disk space provides a more efficient workstation. Random Access Memory: 32 MB Hard Disk Space: The amount of disk space depends on the type of installation. See installation program for disk space requirements. Display device: 800 by 600 VGA video display (1024 by 768 is recommended) A mouse or other pointing device Optional: The following hardware is recommended: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

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Chapter 2

Printer or plotter Digitizer Serial or parallel port for peripheral devices Network interface card for network versions of CAD Overlay Modem or access to an Internet connection

Getting Started

Network Installation of CAD Overlay System administrators planning to install CAD Overlay on a network must have one of the following installed and functioning on the computers that are running CAD Overlay: ■ ■

TCP/IP IPX protocol

Using CAD Overlay You can use CAD Overlay to insert, edit, correlate, and convert raster images in any AutoCAD drawing. Using CAD Overlay you can: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Update existing paper drawings by scanning them, then adding vector information or editing the raster entities. Insert tiled quadrant sheets into a drawing using the correlation data saved within the files. Convert a grayscale contour map to a binary image you can then vectorize and use to create a digital terrain model surface. Correlate images so that they are positioned correctly within the AutoCAD coordinate system. Move, delete, and copy binary raster entities and areas on raster images.

Starting CAD Overlay CAD Overlay runs seamlessly with AutoCAD. The CAD Overlay setup program automatically creates an icon that you can use to start both programs. To start the CAD Overlay programs ›Fz’

˜˜’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

s To initialize AutoCAD and CAD Overlay, select the CAD Overlay icon. ¢ Select Image ➤ Insert to insert an image or select Image ➤ Options to configure CAD Overlay.

Insert Images Configure CAD Overlay

Using CAD Overlay

|

19

NOTE For complete instructions on installing CAD Overlay, see Chapter 8, “Installing CAD Overlay” on page 103.

Configuring CAD Overlay The options in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box control CAD Overlay settings, paths, memory, and the default correlation information for new images, image masks, and vector merge. These settings affect the entire drawing and all images that are inserted into the drawing. To access the CAD Overlay Options dialog box, and select Image ➤ Options or type ioptions.

Key Concepts: Configuring CAD Overlay You use the CAD Overlay Options dialog box to configure CAD Overlay. The dialog box consists of the following tabs: ■ ■

20

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Chapter 2

Paths sets the path for correlation files and the AutoPaste feature. User Preferences controls image detachment, message display options, and the mouse settings. This tab also allows you to set default Startup options.

Getting Started

■

■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

■

■

Feature Settings sets the option to save a thumbnail with your image. This tab also controls locking settings, Remove Under settings, and the rub/crop line width. Image Defaults sets the default correlation information for an image, such as insertion point, scale, rotation, and density value. Memory specifies a temporary swap file for CAD Overlay to use if it runs out of RAM. This tab also allocates the amount of system RAM to be used for images. New Image sets the default values for the creation of a new image, including image properties and default color type. Vector Merge sets the default behavior for future vector merge operations, including expanding an image and respecting the display order. REM sets the default properties for REM Objects, including clipboard settings and REM Object color. Raster Entity Detection sets the default values for detecting various types of raster geometry using either single-pick or multi-pick methods. Image Mask sets the default property values for future image masks, including turning the mask on and off, showing how the mask affects the images in the drawing, and defining the mask boundary. VTools General sets the default options for most of the vectorization tools, including the removal method; Line, Circle, Arc and Polyline settings; and the vector separation table which allows you to assign layers and polyline widths based on the width of the raster being traced. VTools Follower sets the default options for the follower-enabled vectorization tools, including the follower color, and the settings for contours and 3D polylines.

For information about configuring CAD Overlay, use “Configure CAD Overlay.”in the CAD Overlay online Help.

to locate

Accessing the CAD Overlay Commands You can access the CAD Overlay commands from the Image menu, the shortcut menu, the toolbar, or the command line. We suggest you experiment with all options to determine which you prefer.

Accessing the CAD Overlay Commands

|

21

Image Menu All CAD Overlay menu commands are located in the Image menu. The following chart outlines the commands you can access through the Image menu, with sources for more information. Image menu commands phh"m=˜m"hF

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New

Displays the New Image dialog box, which you can use to define the frame and properties for an image you want to create. In this manual: see “Creating New Images” on page 34. Related online Help topics: ■ Create a New Image ■ New Image Options tab ■ New Image Dialog Box

Insert

Displays the Insert Image dialog box that is used to insert images into your current AutoCAD drawing. Here you can also access the Correlation Function, which also allows easy image correlation through the Correlation Wizard. In this manual: see “Inserting Images” on page 35. Related online Help topics: ■ Insert Image Dialog Box ■ Overview of Inserting Images ■ Overview of Correlation

Save, Save As, and Export

Commands that you can use to export an image to a different file format, save an image without saving the drawing, save an image to another file name, location, or file type, or export the correlation data associated with the image. In this manual: see “Saving Images” on page 41 and “Exporting Images” on page 42. Related online Help topics: ■ Save an Image by Exporting ■ Overview of Saving Images ■ Save an Image to Another File Name, Type, or Location

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Chapter 2

Getting Started

Image menu commands (continued) phh"m=˜m"hF

¤m4›apm’

Correlate

Commands you can use to correlate your image, by matching, moving, scaling, or rubbersheeting. In this manual: see “Correlating Images” on page 56. Related online Help topics: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Manage

Change the Image Scale and Rotation Move an Image Deskew an Image Scale an Image Overview of Rubbersheet

Displays the Image Manage dialog box you can use to display information about images or insertions, to change display order of your insertions, to zoom to an image, to erase an image, to change the active or saved path, and so on. In this manual: see “Setting Up Your Data” on page 46. Related online Help topics: ■ Image Manage dialog box ■ Overview of Managing Images and Insertions

Cleanup

Commands you can use to correct errors that may occur during the scanning process. You can deskew, despeckle, invert, mirror, or adjust an image’s bias. In this manual see: see “Enhancing Images Using Image Processing and Cleanup Commands” on page 62. Related online Help topics: ■ Overview of Modifying Images ■ Overview of Cleaning Up Images

Image Processing

Commands you can use to enhance the appearance of your image or convert an image to a different image type: histogram, convolve, bitonal filters, Change Density, and Change Color Depth. In this manual: see “Enhancing Images Using Image Processing and Cleanup Commands” on page 62. Related online Help topics: ■ Overview of Modifying Images ■ Overview of Image Processing

Accessing the CAD Overlay Commands

|

23

Image menu commands (continued) phh"m=˜m"hF

¤m4›apm’

Raster Entity Manipulation

Commands you can use to define and manipulate raster entities. REM edits binary, color, and grayscale raster data. Unlike commands such as mirror, histogram, and invert, which operate on a whole image, REM commands can be used to edit small sections of an image. In this manual: see “Editing Raster Using REM” on page 72. Related online Help topics: ■ Overview of Modifying Images ■ Overview of REM ■ Manipulate a REM Object

Mask

Displays the New Image Mask dialog box that is used to create a mask. In this manual: see “Masking Images” on page 52. Related online Help topics: ■ Overview of Modifying Images ■ Overview of Masking Images

Crop

Commands you can use to crop images. Options are provided for cropping a line, a circular region, a rectangular region, a diagonal region, and a polygonal region. In this manual: see “Rubbing and Cropping” on page 66. Related online Help topics: ■ Overview of Modifying Images ■ Overview of Cropping Images

Remove

Commands you can use to rub a raster line, rub multiple line segments, rub a donut, rub an arc, rub within a polygon region, rub within a diagonal region, rub within a rectangle region, or remove using existing geometry. In this manual: see “Rubbing and Cropping” on page 66. Related online Help topics: ■ Overview of Modifying Images ■ Overview of Rubbing Images

24

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Chapter 2

Getting Started

Image menu commands (continued) phh"m=˜m"hF

¤m4›apm’

Merge

Commands you can use to merge images or vector data, and select raster pens widths. In this manual: see “Merging Images” on page 68. Related online Help topics: ■ Overview of Modifying Images ■ Overview of Merging Images ■ Merge Vectors into a Raster Image

Vectorization Tools

Commands you can use to convert a raster arc, circle, text, line, polyline, rectangle, or contour to vector. In this manual: see “Converting Raster to Vector” on page 91. Related online Help topics: ■ Overview of Converting Raster Entities to Vector

Snap

Displays the Raster Snap tab you use to set the snapping mode. In this manual: see “Snapping to Binary Raster Entities” on page 88. Related online Help topics: ■ Raster Snap ■ Raster Snap Tab ■ Specify Raster Snap Settings

Toggle Frames

Changes the visibility of the image frame. Related online Help topics: ■ Configure CAD Overlay ■ Change the Image Frame Visibility

Toggle Quick Bar

Changes the visibility of the Quick Bar. Related online Help topics: ■ Configure CAD Overlay ■ Change the Quick Bar Visibility

Accessing the CAD Overlay Commands

|

25

Image menu commands (continued) phh"m=˜m"hF

¤m4›apm’

Options

Displays the CAD Overlay Options dialog box that you can use to configure CAD Overlay. In this manual: see “Configuring CAD Overlay” on page 20. Related online Help topics: ■ CAD Overlay Options Dialog Box ■ Configure CAD Overlay ■ Overview of Setting the Options

Help

Displays the CAD Overlay User’s Guide in online Help.

CAD Overlay Home Page

Opens the CAD Overlay home page on the Internet, if you have an internet connection and browser: http://www.autodesk.com/overlayuser

About CAD Overlay

Displays CAD Overlay licensing information.

Toolbar With the CAD Overlay toolbar, you can access commands quickly. When you pass your mouse over a tool icon, the name of the tool is displayed so you can find out what the tool is used for. More detailed information about a tool, such as the equivalent command you can type on the command line, is displayed on the AutoCAD status bar at the bottom of the screen. If you close a toolbar and want to display it again, hold the pointer over any tool in an AutoCAD toolbar and right-click, then select the toolbar you want from the shortcut menu.

Command Line You can run most CAD Overlay commands by typing their names on the command line. Many CAD Overlay commands start with the letter i. For example, to run the histogram command, type ihistogram on the command line. For a detailed list of all the CAD Overlay commands, see Appendix B, “CAD Overlay Command Summary” on page 137 in this manual. For each topic that is described in the online Help, the menu path for the command is listed as well as the command line equivalent.

26

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Chapter 2

Getting Started

Using AutoCAD Imaging Commands AutoCAD imaging commands and CAD Overlay commands are fully compatible with each other. The primary differences between them are based on their image editing capabilities and the methods they provide to insert, manage, and correlate images. AutoCAD has basic imaging commands you can use to insert images, clip images, and adjust image appearance. AutoCAD command

What you can use it for

IMAGE

Attach, detach, load, reload, and unload images.

IMAGEADJUST

Adjust the brightness and contrast of an image, and fade the image (display-only adjustments).

IMAGEATTACH

Attach (or insert) images.

IMAGECLIP

Clip an image so that only a selected polygonal area of the image is displayed.

IMAGEQUALITY

Change between high and draft display modes.

IMAGEFRAME

Turn frames on and off.

TRANSPARENCY

Turn transparency on and off.

NOTE AutoCAD commands are shown in UPPERCASE. CAD Overlay commands have an initial capital letter, for example, Histogram. When you type a CAD Overlay command on the command line, the letter “i” precedes the command name. The next sections describe the differences between AutoCAD imaging commands and CAD Overlay commands.

Image Editing Using the AutoCAD imaging commands, you can modify image display values such as brightness and contrast, and you can clip an image so that only part of the image is displayed in the drawing. However, these adjustments affect only how the image appears in your drawing. You cannot use AutoCAD by itself to permanently edit the image pixels.

Using AutoCAD Imaging Commands

|

27

CAD Overlay was designed to work with AutoCAD so that you can permanently edit your images. For example, if you make adjustments to the brightness and contrast of an image using the CAD Overlay Image ➤ Editing Filters ➤ Histogram (ihistogram) command, you can save the edits to the image file itself. Then, whenever you open a drawing that contains that image file, the image appears with the correct brightness and contrast values. If, on the other hand, you use the AutoCAD IMAGEADJUST command to adjust the brightness of an image and you have the same image inserted into another drawing, you must repeat the same changes to the image in the other drawing.

Image Insertion and Correlation Images you insert using the AutoCAD IMAGE command are completely compatible with images you insert using the CAD Overlay Image ➤ Insert (iinsert) command. For example, if you insert images using the CAD Overlay Insert command and you then save the drawing, the images are displayed and correlated if you open the drawing using AutoCAD without CAD Overlay. Unlike AutoCAD, CAD Overlay respects correlation from various sources. Whenever you insert an image using the Insert, CAD Overlay searches for correlation files that are associated with that image. Then you can decide which source to use. These correlation sources include correlation that was saved in the image file, resource files, world files, and the defaults that you specify in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box. Using AutoCAD alone, you must manually specify the correlation data.

Image Manage AutoCAD stores only one definition of each image you insert into a drawing, even if you have multiple copies of the same image in the drawing. The definition is referred to as the image, while each copy is referred to as an insertion. You can manage the images and insertions in your drawing using the CAD Overlay Image ➤ Manage (imanage) dialog box. Using the Images tab of the Image Manage dialog box, you can attach, detach, load, and unload images. Attaching an image is equivalent to inserting an image. Unloading an image removes the image from memory, speeding up system performance.

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Using the Insertions tab of the Image Manage dialog box, you can change the display order of the images, zoom to an image, and erase an image from the drawing. Each image you insert into the drawing—whether it is a copy of an image or an unnamed image you created by merging two images together— is listed in the Image Manage dialog box. This is helpful if you have more than one copy of an image in your drawing.

Key Concepts: Imaging Commands ■

■

When you use the AutoCAD IMAGEATTACH command, you “attach” an image to the drawing. If this terminology sounds familiar to you, it is because AutoCAD uses a similar “attach” option to link xrefs to an AutoCAD drawing. You cannot actually edit the raster data of an image using AutoCAD without CAD Overlay. To permanently edit an image, you must use an image editing program like CAD Overlay.

Using AutoCAD Commands on Your Images Because image frames are treated as AutoCAD objects, you can modify your images using many of the AutoCAD commands you already know, such as MOVE, COPY, ROTATE, and SCALE. Using AutoCAD grips, you can select image frames and vectors and then choose an editing command. You can edit both raster images and vector objects at the same time by including both in your selection set.

NOTE You can use the AutoCAD UNDO command for up to ten CAD Overlay image edits. This limit applies to edits that actually change raster data, not to display-only changes. Some of the commands that are affected by this limit are REM, Histogram, Rub, Crop, and Rubbersheet.

Using AutoCAD Commands on Your Images

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29

This table lists some frequently used AutoCAD commands. AutoCAD command

What you can use it for

REGEN

Restore the correct display order of images. When you edit an image, the image is placed on top of any other images or vectors in your drawing. Use the AutoCAD REGEN command to restore the images to their correct order.

LAYER

Control the display of images. You can insert each image on a different layer and then use the LAYER options to turn the image layers on or off, freeze them, change their colors, or lock them to prevent the images on them from being edited.

ZOOM and PAN

Zoom to images and pan across images.

UNDO

Undo the effects of a CAD Overlay command.

DVIEW

Rotate the UCS to any degree to view the images at a different angle.  You cannot edit an image if you use the VPOINT command to change the drawing viewpoint to anything other than 0,0,1.

PLOT

Plot an image.

GRIP EDIT

Edit an image using grip editing commands.

SCALE

Scale a REM Object.

OSNAP(s)

Snap to image frames and REM objects.

Exiting the Programs When you have completed your editing session, you can exit AutoCAD and CAD Overlay, or you can start a new editing session by opening an existing drawing or creating a new drawing. You can exit AutoCAD and CAD Overlay by using any of the following methods: ■ ■ ■

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Select File ➤ Exit. Type exit or quit. Click the close box in the upper-right corner of the AutoCAD window.

Getting Started

When you exit, you will be prompted to save your drawing and any edits you have made to the images. Any image correlation information, such as insertion point, scale, and rotation, is saved in the drawing file. Any edits you have made to the images are saved in the image files.

NOTE Use the Image ➤ Export (iexport) command if you want to save the correlation information to a separate file. You have the option to save edits you made to your images, or you can discard any unsaved edits by “skipping” over a specific image you edited. The Save Image dialog box is displayed when you save or exit a drawing with images you have edited.

You can use these options to save all edited images, skip all edited images, or save selected images before exiting the programs.

Using AutoCAD Commands on Your Images

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Creating, Inserting, and Saving Images

3

After you are familiar with the basics of CAD Overlay,

In this chapter

you are ready to begin working with your images.

■ Creating new images ■ Inserting raster images into

This section describes the various methods of saving your image data, so that your image files are in the correct format when they need to be used again.

AutoCAD drawings ■ Saving images ■ Exporting your data

33

Creating New Images You can create a new blank image that you can use with the Image Merge and Vector Merge commands. When you create a new image, you begin by defining an image frame. After you have created a new image, you must save it to establish a link between the drawing and the image file. To create a new image with CAD Overlay ›Fz’ s From the menu, select Image ➤ New. ¢ In the New Image dialog box, click Pick and specify two points on the screen to draw a frame.

 In the AutoCAD Properties section, enter the correlation information insertion point, scale, and rotation. T In the Color Type section, choose one of the following options when you create a new image: ■ ■ ■ ■

a›pm"d Image that contains only two colors.

"©’4"dF Image that contains up to 256 shades of gray. m=F¨F=˜pdp Image that contains up to 256 different colors. ¤F˜pdp Image that contains over 16.7 million colors. This type uses more system resources.

Q In the Image Properties section, specify the width and height of the new image in pixels per unit of measurement.

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To create a new image with CAD Overlay (continued) ›Fz’ – Enter a value to define the density of the new image. • Turn off Show This Dialog to access the command line. G Use the default insertion point coordinates you set in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box. n Type amF§ to define the properties of the image that you want to create. When you want to define the properties for more than one new image, use the New Image configuration tab on the CAD Overlay Options dialog box.

Key Concepts: Creating a New Image ■ ■ ■ ■

You can create a new image that contains binary, grayscale, indexed color, or true color. You can preview the properties of the new image before you insert it. You can create a new image using the CAD Overlay Image ➤ New (inew) command. You can turn off Show This Dialog to access the command line interface.

For information about configuring CAD Overlay, use “Configure CAD Overlay” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

to locate

Inserting Images You can insert any number of raster images into an AutoCAD drawing. When you insert an image, it is placed in a frame, and a link is created between the drawing and the image file. When you insert one image with the CAD Overlay Image ➤ Insert (iinsert) command, the Insert Image dialog box is displayed. On the right side of the dialog box, you can preview the image and information such as file type, color depth, density, and so on. The column of folders along the left side of the Insert Images dialog box is called the Places List. It contains shortcuts to local folders such as your Favorites folder or My Documents folder (or Personal folder, depending on which operating system you are using).

Inserting Images

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35

The Places List also includes a History folder which displays the folders you have used most recently.

If you have Microsoft® Internet Explorer (version 4.71 or higher), and access to the Internet or an Intranet, you can open image files from the Internet. There ar several ways to access images from the Internet: ■

■ ■ ■

Click the Search the Web icon at the top of the dialog box to display the AutoCAD Web browser, with which you can specify an Internet location and select an image to insert. Click the Buzzsaw icon in the Places List to access projects hosted on Buzzsaw.com. Click the Redspark icon in the Places List to access projects hosted on Redspark.com. Click the FTP icon to browse FTP sites and select an image to insert.

For information about inserting an image from the Internet, use to locate “Use CAD Overlay's Internet Feature” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

When you insert an image, that image must be correlated in the drawing. Correlation is simply a means of positioning the image using known coordinates.

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You can correlate your inserted image in three different ways during the insertion process as shown in the following illustration.

Show Frames Only and Zoom to Image are always available and are independent of Correlation. If you select Show Frames Only, only the image frame will be inserted into your drawing. If you select Zoom to Image, CAD Overlay zooms to the extents of the image after it is correlated. You can use Quick Insert for automatic correlation during image insertion. Quick Insert uses the highest order correlation source available to perform the image insertion. There are no options to specify with Quick Insert; the image is simply inserted after you click Open on the Insert Image dialog box. You can change the default correlation information by using the Image Defaults tab on the CAD Overlay Options dialog box. For the new or intermediate CAD Overlay user, the Correlation Wizard is recommended. Because the Wizard goes through the correlation process step by step, it helps you to understand the different correlation options required for proper image insertion. The Correlation Wizard is the default Insert Option. You can use the Correlation dialog box if you are an experienced user and want to quickly establish correlation parameters with minimal keystrokes. If you are unsure about the correlation options required for proper image insertion, you may want to use the default, the Correlation Wizard. If you choose to use the Correlation dialog box, any changes you make are incorporated the next time you use the correlation feature. If you choose the Correlation Wizard, or the Correlation dialog box, you are prompted with three pages: ■ ■ ■

Pick Correlation Source Modify Correlation Values Insertion

If you are running with AutoCAD Map or AutoCAD Land Development Desktop, you will also be prompted with the Transform Page.

For more information about the Transform Page, use to locate “Transform Page” or “Overview of Correlation” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

Inserting Images

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37

Pick Correlation Source Page When you insert an image, CAD Overlay searches for all available correlation files for the image and displays them in the Correlation Source list.

Depending on what type of image you are inserting and whether or not a resource file or a world file exists for the image, you might see the following sources listed. ■

■

■

■

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Image File: For certain types of images, correlation data can be saved as part of an image file. These file types include RLC, IG4, IGS, GeoTags in GeoTIFF, or HDR File in SPOT. Resource File: Can be created by the CAD Overlay Export command or previous versions of CAD Overlay ESP. Resource files have an .res file extension. World File: Can be created by the CAD Overlay Export command for all image formats. World files have different file extensions, depending on file type. Image Defaults: The values you set in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box.

Creating, Inserting, and Saving Images

The information displayed on the Pick Correlation Source page reflects the values stored in the correlation source you have chosen.

For more information about the Pick Correlation Source page, use to locate “Pick Correlation Source Page” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

Modify Correlation Values Page You can use the Modify Correlation Values Page to specify the correlation values of insertion point, scale, and rotation for a specific insertion. Although you start with the values read from the correlation file and then modify them for a specific image insertion, the original correlation values stored in the file are not modified.

NOTE If you are running CAD Overlay on AutoCAD Map or AutoCAD Land Development Desktop, Density Units appear only if a global coordinate system is not set.

Inserting Images

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39

You can modify the correlation source values by entering new values or by pasting values from the clipboard.

For more information about the Modify Correlation Values page, use to locate “Modify Correlation Values Page” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

Insertion Page You can use the Insertion Page to view and change the AutoCAD insertion point, scale, and rotation after any unit conversions have been applied. You might need to change an image’s scale by reducing or enlarging it. For example, you may want to change a scale in reference to the zoom factor you are using in AutoCAD. The Insertion page is used when you want to apply a coordinate system transformation. You may change the existing values by entering new ones or by manually picking coordinates from the screen. You can also change the color of the image.

For more information about the Insertion page, use “Insertion Values page” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

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to locate

With the CAD Overlay Insert command, you can insert several images at the same time. When you select more than one image to insert, the default correlation information (from a resource file, world file, image file, or insertion defaults) is used to automatically position the images. This option is very useful when you have a group of images, such as tiled quadrant sheets, that have correlation data stored with the images.

Key Concepts: Insert ■ ■ ■

■

You can insert binary, grayscale, and up to 32-bit color images. You can preview an image and view its statistics before you insert it. You can insert images using either the CAD Overlay Image ➤ Insert (iinsert) command or the AutoCAD IMAGE command. However, if you want to insert an image using a correlation source such as a resource or world file, then you must use the CAD Overlay iinsert command. If you set the AutoCAD FILEDIA variable to <0>, then you can bypass the Insert Image dialog box when you insert an image. After you enter the Insert command on the command line, simply type the name of the image you want to insert.

For more information about inserting images, use to locate “Insert Images” and “Insert an Image by Typing Filename at Command line” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

Saving Images There are a few methods you can use to save an image you have edited. One method is to save your drawing file using the AutoCAD SAVE command. With this command, you will be prompted to save the images you have edited. Because there is a link between the drawing and the image files, the image data is not stored in the drawing file, but in a separate file on disk. You can also choose to save an image without saving the drawing file by using the Image ➤ Save (isave) command. You can use this command to save more than one image at a time. If you want to save an image to a different name, file type, or location, then you can use the Image ➤ Save As (isaveas) command. Using this command, you can convert a read-only file to a file you can edit.

Saving Images

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41

Key Concepts: Saving Images ■

■

■

■

When you save your drawing using the AutoCAD SAVE command, the correlation information (insertion point, rotation, scale, and image filename) is saved in the drawing file. Edits you have made to the images are saved in the image files. When you use AutoCAD SAVE, you are prompted to save only the image files you have edited. You have the option of either saving each edited image individually, or saving all of the edited images in your drawing. You can skip over an image if you don’t want to save the changes you made. If a new image has been created in your drawing—by using the inew command, the vmerge command, or a REM command, you will be prompted to name the new image when you save the drawing. If you use the AutoCAD IMAGE command to detach an image, which erases all references to it in the drawing, CAD Overlay first checks to see if the image has been edited. If so, you are prompted to save the image before continuing. You can cancel the Detach command, you can save the edits, or you can detach the image without saving the edits.

For more information about saving images, use Images” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

to locate “Save

Exporting Images When you save an AutoCAD drawing file containing a raster image, the image correlation data is saved in the drawing file. Therefore, the next time you open the drawing, the image is displayed with the correct insertion point, scale, and rotation angle. This correlation data is saved only in the drawing file, not in the image file itself. If you want to insert the image into another drawing and use the same correlation data for the image, you can manually correlate the image again, or you can save time by creating a correlation file for the image. Then, the next time you insert the image into a drawing, you can simply choose the correlation file as the correlation source, and the image is positioned, scaled, and rotated correctly. No additional correlation is required. To create a correlation file to use in other drawings or programs, you can export the image using the Image ➤ Export ➤ Image (iexport) command. When you export an image, not only can you create a correlation file for the

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image, but you can also save the image with a different name, file format, or location. You can also export the correlation file itself, without exporting the associated image using the Image ➤ Export ➤ World (iworldout) command. The resulting world file retains the file name of the associated image, but the file extension is modified to indicate that the file is a world file (for instance, exporting a world file for the image lakshor.tif will create the file lakshor.tfw). You can choose the type of correlation data you want to create by using the Export Options dialog box.

For all image types, you can save the correlation data as a resource file or a world file. For certain image types, you can also save correlation information within the image file itself.

Key Concepts: Exporting Images ■

When you export an image, you have the option of maintaining the link between the drawing and the newly saved image by selecting Maintain Drawing Link to Image. If you don’t specify a different image name, file format, or file location when you export the image, maintaining the link has no effect. However, if you do change any of these variables, a new image file is created. The new image file will replace the image file that currently exists in the drawing (if the Maintain Drawing Link to Image check box is selected). For example, if Maintain Drawing Link to Image is selected when you export image.tif, and you specify picture.tif as the new filename for the exported image, picture.tif replaces image.tif in your drawing. If Maintain Drawing Link to Image is not selected, image.tif remains in the drawing and picture.tif is saved to the file you specified.

Exporting Images

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43

■

When you export an image and choose Resource File as the correlation output type, a resource file with the extension .res is created for the image in the path specified in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box. You can create resource files for all image types.

NOTE Resource files are specific to CAD Overlay. If you want to create a correlation file that can be used by other programs, you need to create a world file. ■

■

■

When you export an image and choose World File as the correlation output type, a world file is created for the image in the same directory where the image is located. You can create world files for all image types. You can insert a read-only image into a drawing and then save it to a readwrite format using the Export command or the Save As command. However, only the Export command saves the image correlation information. When you export rotated images, CAD Overlay gives you the option to “burn in” the rotation, which means that, although the image still appears rotated, it is inserted into a frame with a rotation of zero.

For more information about exporting images, use an Image by Exporting” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

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to locate “Save

Setting Image Properties

4

In this chapter, you will learn how to manage your

In this chapter

images for maximum efficiency as you work.

■ Setting up data about each

image in your drawing

From the Image Manage dialog box, you can manage image files, change their display order or their active path, even export images to the internet.

■ Changing image properties-

layer, color, linetype, and display ■ Making a color transparent ■ Masking images

45

Setting Up Your Data When you first insert an image into your drawing, you create one instance of that image (called an insertion) in the drawing. If you place copies of the same image in the drawing, each copy is treated as a separate insertion of the same image. The Image Manage dialog box is divided into two tabs that allow you to control attributes for insertions and images separately: You can use the Insertions tab to: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

change the display order of insertions preview insertions erase insertions show or hide insertions save or export insertions zoom to insertions

You can use the Images tab to: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

show the relationship of images and insertions in the drawing rename images detach images unload or reload images change or save the active path in the drawing

From the Image menu, select Manage. Click the buttons to move selected insertions forward or back in the display order list.

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Right-click on an image name to display the shortcut menu.

Setting Image Properties

NOTE You can click the Help button in the dialog box to see a Help topic that describes each column of this dialog box.

To manage images with the Image Manage dialog box ›Fz’

’F˜

›p˜dp4"›F

s Insert two images into your drawing so that one of the images is on top of the other image.

Insert Images

¢ Select Image ➤ Manage to display the Image Manage dialog box.

Tips for Managing Multiple Images

The last image you inserted is at the top of the list.  On the Insertions tab of the Image Manage dialog box, select the second image, then use the Move Forward button to move the second listed image name up in the list so that it is now above the other image name.

Change the Display Order of the Images

The image is now displayed on top of the other image instead of below it. T From the list, select the name of one of the images, and right-click Zoom To.

Zoom to an Image

This option is helpful if you insert an image using an insertion point that is outside your current AutoCAD display window, or if you insert an image using a different scale factor. Q With the image name still selected, click Properties.

Change Image Properties

In the AutoCAD Properties dialog box you can adjust color, layer, and linetype information, and pick the transparency color.

Key Concepts: Image Manage ■ ■ ■

To access the Image Manage dialog box, you can select Image ➤ Manage, or you can type imanage. If you have edited an image but not yet saved it, an asterisk (*) is displayed next to the image name. After you save the image, the asterisk disappears. If there is more than one insertion of an image in your drawing, the Image Manage dialog box numbers the insertions. For example, if there are two insertions of cadplot.tif in your drawing, then you would see cadplot and cadplot:1 listed.

Setting Up Your Data

|

47

■

■

If you edit an insertion of an image, such as cadplot:2, the naming convention changes to indicate that the image has been edited. The image is then listed in the Image Manage dialog box as cadplot_1*. The image listed first in the Image Manage dialog box is displayed on top of all other images it overlaps. The image that is listed last is displayed under images that overlap it. To modify this order, drag the names of the images up or down in the list.

TIP You can also use the AutoCAD to modify the display order. From the AutoCAD Tools menu, choose Display Order. Because images are also AutoCAD entities, an image that you edit appears to be placed on top of other images and vectors, even though the image display order has not actually been changed. Use the AutoCAD REGEN command to restore the images and vectors to their correct order.

Changing Layer, Color, Linetype, and Display Each image in your drawing has properties you can control. You can access all of the image and mask properties on AutoCAD’s Properties dialog box.

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CAD Overlay - specific properties include: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Color Linetype Brightness Contrast Show image Show clipped image Show non-ortho Transparency color

It is recommended that you use the AutoCAD Properties dialog box to manipulate your images. This combines AutoCAD functionality with that of CAD Overlay, providing an environment that is easy to use. For more information on AutoCAD’s Properties dialog box, see AutoCAD 2000i Command Reference in the AutoCAD online Help or printed AutoCAD 2000i User’s Guide.

Key Concepts: Image Properties ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

You can select an image in the drawing, right-click, and then select Properties to access the AutoCAD Properties dialog box. Each image has its own properties. However, you can select multiple images and set all their properties at the same time. Color selects a transparency color for a grayscale or color image and turns transparency on and off. Layer moves the selected image(s) to another layer. Linetype chooses a different linetype for the image frame. Display controls whether the image or only the frame is displayed in the drawing, whether to use color or display in transparency color, whether clipped areas are displayed, or whether images rotated at an angle other than 0, 90, 180, 270 (nonortho images) are displayed. For more information, use to locate “Change Image Properties” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

Changing Layer, Color, Linetype, and Display

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49

Applying Transparency Color In binary images, the transparency color is always the background color of the image. In color and grayscale images, you can choose which color to make transparent. You can selectively turn on transparency. When transparency is on, the image pixels that are drawn in the transparency color become transparent. When transparency is off, the pixels become solid again. To make a color transparent ›Fz’

’F˜

s Select a color or grayscale image, right-click and select Properties to access the AutoCAD Properties dialog box.

Select an Image

›p˜dp4"›F

¢ On the Category tab, click Transparency and choose Yes.

 To choose a color to make transparent, select a color image, right-click and select Properties to access the AutoCAD Properties dialog box. T On the Category tab, select Transparency Color and click box.

to display the Transparency Color dialog

Q Click Select< to choose a transparency color. Now you can see through pixels drawn in the transparency color.

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Change the Transparent Color

Transparency on When transparency for the parcel map is enabled, you can see the underlying aerial photograph.

Transparency off When transparency for the parcel map is disabled, you cannot see the underlying aerial photograph.

˜˜Fa"d˜z^p›pV"z^’˜¤m=F˜"˜z"4Fd˜h"z

You can make only one color in each image transparent. The transparency color has three uses: ■

■

■

You can make all pixels of a specified color transparent. For example, if you specify black as the transparency color for an image, then you can make each black pixel in the image transparent. Any time you use Rub or Crop, the rubbed or cropped areas are displayed in the transparency color. For example, if you choose blue as the transparency color, all rubs are displayed in blue. If you turn on transparency for that image, the rubbed areas become transparent. For more information, see “Rubbing and Cropping” on page 66. When you merge two images together, any blank space is filled with the transparency color of the destination image. For more information, see “Merging Images” on page 68.

Key Concepts: Transparency Color ■

■

You can make one color in each grayscale and color image transparent by selecting a transparency color for the image. To make the color transparent, select Yes to Transparency in the AutoCAD Properties dialog box. To turn off transparency, select No to Transparency. For binary images, you can turn transparency on or off, which means that the background area on a binary image will be either transparent or solid. You cannot choose a transparency color for a binary image. The transparency color is always the background color. By default, binary

Applying Transparency Color

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51

■

images are always inserted with transparency on so that the background is transparent. The image pixels are not erased or permanently modified when you make a color transparent. You can restore the original pixel color by selecting No to Transparency in the AutoCAD Properties dialog box.

Masking Images To display and plot a subset of the images in your drawing, you can use an image mask. An image mask hides, moves, or does not affect the images that are completely outside the mask boundary. The mask boundary is an AutoCAD object that you can move, stretch, scale, and erase like any other AutoCAD object. You can control how the mask affects the images outside the image mask by using the New Image Mask dialog box.

You can mask images using a rectangular or polygonal boundary. For example, in the following illustration, the polygonal mask was created with the Hide Image(s) option.

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The third illustration shows what happens when you select the Show Image Frame(s) option.

Tiled quad sheets, with image frames visible

Polygonal mask

Polygonal mask with image frames visible

OOF4›’˜pO˜zpd©Vpm"d˜h"’c˜pm˜"˜Vp¤z˜pO˜›adF=˜„¤"=˜’^FF›’

A mask is similar to an image clip that you can create with the AutoCAD IMAGECLIP command, but a CAD Overlay mask is more global than a clip because it affects all the images in your drawing instead of only one image. Like a clip, a mask does not permanently modify the images. You can turn off the mask to redisplay all the images. You can also convert the mask to individual image clips. Converting a mask to image clips converts the global mask to clips on each image.

For more information about masking images, use “Masking Images” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

to locate

Masking Images

|

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Image Editing

5

When you edit images with CAD Overlay, you work

In this chapter

seamlessly with AutoCAD. You can edit, convert,

■ Correlating your images

manipulate, and save images in formats compatible with your application, and you can share your images with others you work with.

with the AutoCAD coordinate system ■ Rubbersheeting ■ Enhancing images using the

Histogram editing filter ■ Managing grayscale and color ■ Removing speckles from

bitonal images ■ Smoothing detail in

grayscale images ■ Altering images permanently by

removing selected areas ■ Merging multiple images into a

single image

55

Correlating Images Correlating refers to the process of positioning an image within the AutoCAD coordinate system so that its scale, rotation, density, and coordinates match AutoCAD units and coordinates. When you insert an image, you can specify units, position, scale, and rotation for the image. After you insert the image, you can fine tune the correlation by matching the image with AutoCAD vectors or by correcting distortions in the image that were caused by poor scanning or lens distortion. CAD Overlay has several commands you can use to correlate images after they are inserted. These commands are located in the Image ➤ Correlate menu. The correlation commands include the following: ■ ■ ■

Match (imatch) for matching the position, scale, and rotation of an image to another image or to a vector Scale (iscale) and Displace (idisplace), for rotating, scaling, and moving images Rubbersheet (irsheet) for correcting distortions (see the following section, “Rubbersheeting an Image”)

One way to correlate an image is to use an existing correlation source. To do this, you can select the correlation source when you insert the image. The Insert command opens the Correlation Wizard. The Correlation Wizard searches for any correlation files that might exist, and lists the available files on the Pick Correlation Source Page so you can choose one.

Correlation sources that CAD Overlay can use are resource files, world files, and image files containing stored correlation information. For more information about inserting images with the Correlation Wizard or the Correlation dialog box, see Chapter 3, “Creating, Inserting, and Saving Images” on page 33.

Rubbersheeting an Image After Correlation Image distortions can sometimes prevent you from aligning an image in your drawing. You can use Rubbersheet command to: ■ ■

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Fix distortions in aerial photography caused by aircraft tilt and camera distortion Save money on orthophotography when absolute accuracy is not required

Image Editing

■

Permanently correct most of the distortions in an image resulting from parallax, unevenness of terrain, or lens distortion

Rubbersheeting works by transforming an image so that points you specify in the image match corresponding points in the drawing as closely as possible. These matched points, consisting of a “source” point in the image, and a “destination” point in the drawing, are known collectively as “control points.” Once these control points are established, the image is stretched so that the points align as closely as possible. However, rubbersheeting does not always result in perfectly matched control points. The resulting error is expressed as a numerical value in the Rubbersheet dialog box and is displayed graphically on the image after the control points have been entered. By adjusting the Polynomial Degree, you can reduce the error and increase the accuracy of the matching points. However, this reduced error can create a higher degree of warping as the image is transformed to match the control points. Therefore, you should use the lowest possible polynomial degree that still gives you acceptable results. Higher polynomial degrees result in smaller errors at the control points, but also result in more warping in places where there are no control points.

TIP Rubbersheeting is best suited for making minor transformations to an image. For best results, start with a comprehensive and accurate network of survey control points, then use match and scale before rubbersheeting to get the image as close to the desired results as possible. You should have a good spread of control points over the entire image. In areas without control points, you can specify anchor points. The following table lists the maximum polynomial degrees possible for ranges of control points. For example, if you select twelve control points, the maximum polynomial degree you can select is three. Number of control points

Maximum polynomial degrees

3-5

1

6-9

2

10-14

3

15-20

4

21-27

5

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For best results, you should always have six or more control points. However, if you have fewer than six control points the maximum polynomial degree is one; therefore, you cannot specify a different polynomial degree. For six or more control points, you can choose the polynomial degree that you would like to use. CAD Overlay does not limit the number of control points you can use.

NOTE If you are using AutoCAD Land Development Desktop, you can substitute COGO points by typing˜,  , or  when CAD Overlay prompts you to enter destination points. For more information see, “Snapping to COGO Points” in Online Help. You can access the rubbersheet command by selecting Image ➤ Correlate ➤ Rubbersheet.

In the Rubbersheet dialog box, add control points to your image or Import a control point file to apply to your image. After your points are added to your image, click Export to save your control point set.

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Key Concepts: Correlating Images ■ ■ ■

■ ■

You can correlate an image when you are inserting it or after it has been inserted into the drawing. You can use the AutoCAD Properties dialog box to modify the insertion data, scale, and rotation of an image. If you want to rotate, move, or scale the image, use the iscale or idisplace commands. These commands allow you to rotate, scale, or move an image based on reference points you select from the raster image. You can also use AutoCAD commands like MOVE, SCALE, and ROTATE to correlate an image. After you correlate an image, you can save the correlation information by exporting the image. When you export an image, you can create a resource file, a world file, or both, which you or others can use to correlate the image in another drawing or another software program. For more information about exporting, see “Exporting Images” on page 42.

For more information, use to locate “Correlate an Image After Insertion,” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

Enhancing and Converting Grayscale and Color Images The CAD Overlay Histogram filter is a multi purpose editing filter you can use to permanently change the appearance of grayscale and color images. A histogram is a bar graph that represents the number of pixels per pixel shade in a selected image or images. Dark pixels are shown on the left, grays or mid-tones are in the middle, and lighter shades are on the right. The number of pixels per pixel shade is represented by the height of the corresponding bar.

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When you run the Image ➤ Image Processing ➤ Histogram (ihistogram) command on an image, a histogram is created for that image in the Histogram dialog box, as shown in the following illustration.

The Histogram dialog box has several options you can use to modify the image histogram. For example, you can ■ ■ ■ ■

Adjust the brightness and contrast of one or more images using the Brightness/Contrast tab. Maximize the image detail using the Equalize tab. Convert grayscale and color images to binary images using the Threshold tab. Convert color images to grayscale using the Color to Grayscale tab.

The AutoCAD IMAGEADJUST command makes display-only adjustments, but the edits you make to an image using the Histogram command are permanent. Therefore, if you edit the image using the Histogram command, save the image, and then insert the image into another drawing, the changes you made with the Histogram command will be respected. You can limit the effect of brightness, contrast, or equalizing changes to a portion of the image called a sub-region. You can define a sub-region using one of four methods: ■ ■

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Use an existing closed vector entity to define the region. Use an existing image clip.

Image Editing

■ ■

Define a rectangular sub-region by clicking two-points. Define a polygonal sub-region by clicking several points.

For indexed color images (8-bit), histogram changes may effect the image outside of the sub-region depending on which sub-region option you select: ■

■

■

Retain current palette applies your changes to the sub-region by mapping to the closest colors from the current palette. This option maintains the current palette and will not affect pixels outside the selected region. Rebuild palette with all colors creates a new palette to best accommodate all colors in the entire image. Because this image changes the palette, pixels inside and outside the sub-region may be affected by this option. Rebuild palette with new colors also creates a new palette, but this option guarantees that colors in the sub-region are included in the palette by giving preference to those pixels over pixels outside the sub-region. Because this image changes the palette, pixels outside the sub-region may be affected by this option.

To adjust the brightness and contrast of an image ›Fz’

’F˜

s Select an image you want to adjust.

Select an Image

˜›p˜dp4"›F

You can adjust only grayscale and color images using the histogram. ¢ Select Image ➤ Image Processing ➤ Histogram to create the histogram for the image(s) that you selected.

Adjust the Brightness and Contrast of an Image

 Type  and press ENTER, then enter two points to define a rectangular sub-region. The histogram is displayed in the Histogram dialog box. T Click the Brightness/Contrast tab, and view the selected image in the Preview area. Q Use the Contrast and Brightness sliders to adjust lightness and darkness until the image preview appears the way that you want it to. You can use the Brightness slider to lighten or darken an image. You can use the Contrast slider to bring out detail or to emphasize different colors. – Select the Sub-Region option from the Apply Changes To section.

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To adjust the brightness and contrast of an image (continued) ›Fz’

’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

• If the image is an 8-bit color image, select Rebuild palette with new colors from the Sub-Region Options drop-down list. This option creates a new palette, but guarantees that colors in the sub-region are included in the palette. Because this image changes the palette, pixels outside the sub-region may be affected by this option. G Click Close to exit the dialog box.

Key Concepts: Enhancing Grayscale and Color Images ■ ■

■ ■

■

Because binary images only have two colors, you cannot view a histogram of a binary image. The histogram adjustments affect all images that are currently selected, not just the image displayed in the preview. You can preview how the histogram adjustments will affect an image in the selection set by clicking its name in the list of images. For color images, you can modify all channels (Red, Green, and Blue) together or separately. For indexed color images (8-bit), histogram changes may effect the image outside of the sub-region depending on which sub-region option you select. If you have made any changes to the display of your image using the AutoCAD IMAGEADJUST command, then the image that is saved to disk is displayed in the Histogram Preview area. If you make changes to the image with the ihistogram command, then the IMAGEADJUST controls are reset.

Enhancing Images Using Image Processing and Cleanup Commands In addition to the Histogram filter, CAD Overlay has several other image editing commands in the Image ➤ Image Processing and Image ➤ Cleanup menus that you can use to permanently edit your images.

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You can use the Color Depth command to convert images to different color depths. If you are working with a bitonal image, you can use Bitonal Filters to edit your raster drawing. These filters can be used in conjunction with cleanup commands, such as Despeckle and Deskew.

There are several filter types to choose from: ■

Smooth removes unnecessary pixels from the edges of raster objects and fills holes in raster lines, and removes speckles from the raster image.

■

Thin trims raster objects by one pixel per pass in the directions you specify.

■

Thicken widens the edges of raster objects by one pixel per pass in the directions you specify.

■

Separate works when raster lines are partially merged, converting them into two distinct lines.

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■

Skeletonize thins all raster data to one pixel in thickness. After you thin your raster data to a one pixel width, you can run the Thicken filter to achieve a uniform width.

To remove speckles from an image ›Fz’

’F˜

›p˜dp4"›F

s Insert into your drawing a binary raster image that has speckles you want to remove.

Insert Images

¢ Select the image.

Select an Image

 Select Image ➤ Cleanup ➤ Despeckle to display the Despeckle dialog box.

Remove Speckles from an Image

T Type  and press ENTER, then enter two points to define a rectangular sub-region. Q Click Pick, and select two points to draw a window around the speckle size to be removed. Draw this window as closely as possible around the largest pixel that you want to remove. – To see the speckle better, type ‹«pph. • When the Despeckle dialog box is redisplayed, click OK to despeckle the drawing. G If too many pixels are removed, type  and try the command again, using a smaller speckle size.

Key Concepts: Image Processing and Cleanup Commands ■ ■

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You can invert binary, grayscale, and color images using the Invert command (iinvert), making the light areas dark and dark areas light. You can use the Despeckle command (idespeckle) to remove speckles from a binary image.

Image Editing

■ ■

■

You can use the Color Depth command (idepth) to convert a color image to grayscale or make other color depth conversions. You can use the Convolve command (iconvolve) to smooth a grayscale image or sharpen its edges, among other effects. For example, you can use an edge filter to emphasize a detail such as a fence line. You can mirror images using the Mirror command (imirror).

Selecting Images To select an image, you can either select its frame, or press SHIFT while clicking within the image. You can select more than one image at a time using either selection method. Image selection methods

How to select an image

"hF˜FdF4›apm˜F›^p=

  ˜FO›_da4c˜F›^p=

Click the frame.

Press SHIFT while clicking the image(s) with the left button of your mouse.

Use an AutoCAD crossing window to select the frame edge. What happens

AutoCAD grips are displayed at the corners of the image frame.

If you click more than one image, the Image Select dialog box is displayed so you can select the images you want to edit. AutoCAD grips are displayed at the corners of the selected image frame.

Advantages

You can select an image using this method before or after selecting a command.

You can select an image when image frames are turned off or when you have zoomed in so you cannot see the image frame.

Disadvantages

The frame must be visible in the drawing.

You must use this method before selecting a command.

Key Concepts: Selecting Images ■

If your pointer is positioned over more than one image when you press SHIFT and click the image, the Image Select dialog box is displayed. The images that you have selected are highlighted. You can use this dialog box

Selecting Images

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■

to clear the selection set, to change the selection set by adding or removing images, or to select all images that are inserted in the drawing. By default, SHIFT + Left-Click Image Select on the Settings Tab of the Options dialog box is selected. This check box must be selected if you want to select images using the SHIFT + left-click method.

For more information, use to locate “Select an Image” and “Image Frame” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

Rubbing and Cropping You can use the Rub and Crop commands to remove selected areas of binary, grayscale, and color images. Rubs and crops permanently alter an image. ■

■

A Rub changes the removed pixels to the current transparency color that is set for the image. The rubbed areas become transparent if transparency is enabled for the image. A Crop deletes pixel data outside the selected boundary area. If a crop boundary is not rectangular, for instance when you use the Crop Circular Region command, the area between the crop boundary and the image frame is filled with the transparency color.

Rub and crop boundaries can be many different shapes: circles, rectangles, lines, arcs, and polygons. The boundaries can encompass more than one image at a time. In the right-most illustration, the size of the image frame is automatically adjusted when you crop an image.

˜aVam"d˜Odppzd"m˜ah"VF

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˜F"’˜¤**F=˜Oph˜Odppzd"m

˜pzzF=˜Odppzd"m

To rub a color or grayscale image ›Fz’

’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

s On a selected color or grayscale image, right-click to display the shortcut menu, and then select Image Properties.

Change the Color That is Transparent in the Image

¢ Click the Display tab and click Select< to choose a transparency color.  You can select the Enable Transparency check box to enable transparency, or you can clear this check box to disable transparency. If transparency is disabled, the rubbed area is displayed in the transparency color. If transparency is enabled, the rubbed area will be transparent. T Click OK to exit the dialog box. Q Select Image ➤ Remove ➤ Rectangular Region.

Remove Raster Data

– On the image, choose a rectangular rub boundary. All pixels inside the rub boundary are changed to the transparency color.

To rub a binary image ›Fz’

’F˜

s Insert a binary image with lines in it into your drawing.

Insert Images

˜›p˜dp4"›F

A good sample image to use is fm.rlc that is in the co 2000i\sample folder. ¢ Type  on the command line.

Set the Rub/Crop Line Width

To define the rub/crop line width, pick two points, one on each side of the line you want to rub. This step is necessary only if you are rubbing lines, polylines, arcs, or donuts or if you are cropping a line. You can also set the rub/crop line width from the Settings tab of the CAD Overlay Options dialog box. To rub binary raster entities, you can use raster snaps to accurately select the raster to be rubbed. Raster snaps work only with the active binary image.  Select Image ➤ Snap and select the End check box to pick the endpoints of the raster line you want to rub.

Specify Raster Snap Settings

Rubbing and Cropping

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67

To rub a binary image (continued) ›Fz’

’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

T When the crosshairs snap to the point you want to select, click your mouse.

Rub a Raster Line

Q Pick a point on the other end of the line to rub the line.

Key Concepts: Rubbing and Cropping ■

■ ■

■

■ ■

When two images are on top of each other and you rub or crop the visible image, both images are modified. You can lock the layer an image frame is on to prevent the image from being modified. Rubs and crops do not affect vectors in the rub or crop area. The commands affect only raster data. Rubs create either transparent or solid regions, depending on whether you select the Enable Transparency check box in the AutoCAD Properties dialog box. When you crop an image using a polygonal or circular crop, all raster data between the image frame and the selected crop boundary is changed to the transparency color. A crop affects only the images you touch with the crop boundary. No images outside of this boundary are affected. You can use the AUTORUB command to set the rub/crop line width.

Merging Images You can use the Merge Images (iimerge) command to merge two or more images into one image. Merging images can reduce the number of images you must archive with your project files. To merge images, select the destination image that you want to merge the source images into. CAD Overlay merges your source images into a single destination image. The properties of your destination image, such as dots per inch (dpi) and color depth, do not change as a result of the merge. For example, if the source image has a value of 200 dpi, and your destination image has the value of 400 dpi, the destination image retains the value of 400 dpi after you have performed a merge.

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The destination image is expanded to encompass your source images. The background is filled with the transparency color. You can change the transparency color of your image. For more information about changing the transparency color, see Chapter 4, “Setting Image Properties” on page 45. The following illustration portrays two merged images in AutoCAD’s Layout1.

Notice that any drawing space, not encompassed by the merged image, is filled in with the transparency color.

To merge raster images ›Fz’

’F˜

›p˜dp4"›F

s Select Image ➤ Merge ➤ Merge Images.

Merge Images

¢ Select your source images.  Select your destination image. You are prompted whether to remove the source images after the merge.

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To merge raster images (continued) ›Fz’

’F˜

›p˜dp4"›F

T Type F’ to remove the source images. Type p to keep the source images in the drawing. Q Click Yes to start the merge process. – Select Image ➤ Write ➤ Save As to save the new merged image.

Save an Image to Another File Name, Type, or Location

Key Concepts: Merging Images ■ ■ ■

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You can merge images with different rotation angles. You can merge images of different types (binary, grayscale, or color). Merging respects image clips and display order.

Image Editing

Working with Raster Data

6

With the new CAD Overlay raster editing tools, you can

In this chapter

use standard AutoCAD commands and create raster

■ Editing raster images using REM

entity manipulation (REM) regions from existing vector geometry. You can enhance bitonal regions and preview and refine images before editing. The new raster snaps

■ Creating REM Objects ■ Merging vector images ■ Snapping to binary

raster entities

improve your productivity, by allowing you to work with multiple images using any command.

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Editing Raster Using REM You can use raster entity manipulation (REM) to edit binary, color, and grayscale raster data. Unlike commands such as Mirror, Histogram, and Invert, which operate on a whole image, REM can be used to edit small sections of an image. For example, you can adjust the radius of a raster circle, remove some dimension lines from a mechanical drawing, or copy electrical symbols from one image to another. With REM, you can create different types of REM objects by selecting raster. These custom objects have replaced the REM selection set of earlier CAD Overlay releases. REM Objects allow you to treat raster like vector. You can use AutoCAD commands, including MOVE, SCALE, COPY, and ROTATE, to operate on the REM objects you create. You can edit raster images using the same commands, concepts, and operations you would use to edit vector. Use REM to: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Manipulate existing raster to make simple changes Erase a portion of a drawing Move or clip a detail Change the location of something, such as a lot line Store raster-only drawings (rather than hybrid)

REM Objects There are three types of REM objects: Region Objects, Enhanced Bitonal Region Objects, and Primitive Objects. You can use each of the three types of REM Objects differently as you edit your raster data. You must decide which type of object best suits your editing needs. After you define a REM object, you can use AutoCAD commands and REM commands to modify the object.

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The following illustrations show the raster selected to define each REM object and the resulting REM object.

Region Object This rectangular region object includes all the pixels within the rectangle: the circle, the portions of the intersecting lines, and the leader line.

F4›"mV¤d"˜FVapm˜’FdF4›F=

FVapm˜p*bF4›˜=FOamF=˜Oph˜›^F˜’FdF4›apm

Enhanced Bitonal Region Object This is an example of an enhanced bitonal region object that was defined using the Smart Crossing Window selection method. This method selects the raster entities within or touching the crossing window: the circle, all the intersecting lines, and the angled leader line.

FVapm˜’FdF4›F=˜¤’amV˜›^F˜h"›˜ p’’amV˜am=p§˜’FdF4›apm˜hF›^p=

m^"m4F=˜*a›pm"d˜FVapm˜p*bF4›˜ =FOamF=˜Oph˜›^F˜’FdF4›apm

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Primitive Object This is an example of circle primitive object defined using the Smart selection method for selecting primitive objects. CAD Overlay detects that the selected raster entity is a circle and defines the entity as a circle primitive object.

m›a›©˜’FdF4›F=˜¤’amV˜h"›˜’FdF4›apm

aha›a¦F˜p*bF4›˜=FOamF=˜Oph˜›^F˜ ’FdF4›apm

Types of REM objects ˜p*bF4›

F’4az›apm

h"VF˜›©zF|’}

Region object

Contains all pixels within the region geometry (for example, all pixels within a polygonal region).

Bitonal, grayscale, color

Enhanced bitonal region object

Contains complete raster entities within the region, determined by the selection method:

Bitonal

■

■

Primitive object

pmmF4›F=˜hF›^p=9 The raster entities selected are a collection of connected pixels. h"›˜hF›^p=9 The raster entities selected are the pixels that comprise a raster line, circle, or arc.

Contains a single raster line, arc, or circle.

Bitonal

Region Objects You can use a region to select all of the image pixels within the given geometry. Regions operate on all image types—bitonal, grayscale, and color. You can define a rectangular, polygonal, diagonal, or circular region. On

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grayscale and color images, regions are hatched so that the object is distinguished from the raster image. A hatch is not necessary for an enhanced bitonal region object because the raster is already highlighted. After you have defined a REM region object, you can use AutoCAD commands to modify it; see “Using REM Objects to Edit Raster Images” on page 84 in this chapter. After you have completed your changes to the region, you must merge your REM Object back into your original raster image or create a new image; see “Merging REM Objects into Existing Images” on page 86 and “Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image” on page 86 in this chapter. For example, you might want to select a housing development within an aerial photo as a region object. You can then use the region object as a base for your street drawing.

REM region objects ©zF’˜pO˜˜FVapm’

’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

Rectangular region

Define a REM Rectangular Region

Polygonal region

Define a REM Polygonal Region

Diagonal region

Define a REM Diagonal Region

Circular region

Define a REM Circular Region

From existing vector

Define a Region From Existing Vector

Each vertex of a polygonal, rectangular, or diagonal REM region object has a grip. If you move a grip, the entire object moves. Stretching the grip scales the object.

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75

There are five grips for each circular region object. There is one grip at the center of the circle, and four on the circumference of the circle. If you move any of the grips, the entire circle moves.

Enhanced Bitonal Regions You can use an enhanced bitonal region to create a REM object that contains all the pixels within your selection area. After you have defined your Enhanced Bitonal Region Object, you can use AutoCAD commands to modify it; see “Using REM Objects to Edit Raster Images” on page 84. After you have completed your changes to the region, you must merge your REM Object back into your original raster image or create a new image; see “Merging REM Objects into Existing Images” on page 86 and “Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image” on page 86.

There are several options you can use to define enhanced bitonal region objects from raster entities in bitonal images: ■ ■ ■ ■

Windows and crossing windows Polygons and crossing polygons Fences Connected entities

You can also choose whether the object includes all the connected pixels within the enhanced bitonal region (referred to as the Connected method) or only the pixels that define a line, a circle, or an arc (referred to as the Smart method). After you define the enhanced bitonal region object, you can modify the object using AutoCAD commands and REM commands.

NOTE You can use enhanced bitonal regions on bitonal images only.

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Selection Options for Enhanced Bitonal Region Objects You can use one of two different selection options to define an enhanced bitonal region. Both selection methods are modeled after AutoCAD’s SELECT command, but the behavior of the selection method depends on whether you choose the Connected option or the Smart option. The following examples show the options you can use to define enhanced bitonal region objects using the Smart and Connected options. In these examples, the gray lines show the region that is selected, and the light gray areas show the resulting enhanced bitonal region object. These illustrations are also available in color in the online Help.

For more information, use to locate “REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Illustration” in the CAD Overlay online Help.”

Enhanced bitonal region objects h"›˜’FdF4›apm˜’F›’

pmmF4›F=˜’FdF4›apm˜’F›’

h"›˜am=p§

pmmF4›F=˜am=p§

A Smart Window selects the raster entities that are entirely within the window. Entities that extend outside the window are not included in the selection. In this example, the leader lines and text are selected. The dimension lines extend outside the window and are not included.

A Connected Window selects the raster entities that are entirely within the window and that are not connected to entities extending outside the window. In this example, the text is selected. The leader lines are not selected because they are connected to the dimension lines, which extend outside the window.

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Enhanced bitonal region objects (continued)

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h"›˜’FdF4›apm˜’F›’

pmmF4›F=˜’FdF4›apm˜’F›’

h"›˜p’’amV˜am=p§

pmmF4›F=˜p’’amV˜am=p§

A Smart Crossing Window selects the raster entities that are within the window and that touch the window. In this example, the leader lines, the text, and the dimension lines are selected.

A Connected Crossing Window selects the raster entities that are within the window, that touch the window, and that are connected to entities that touch the window. In this example, all entities except the text in the upper right are selected. This text is not connected to any entities.

h"›˜pd©Vpm˜

pmmF4›F=˜pd©Vpm

A Smart Window Polygon selects the raster entities that are entirely within the polygon. Entities that extend outside the polygon are not included in the selection. In this example, the leader lines and text are selected. The dimension lines and the circle extend outside the polygon and are not included.

A Connected Window Polygon selects the raster entities that are within the polygon and that are not connected to entities that extend outside the polygon. In this example, the text is selected. The leader lines are not selected because they are connected to the dimension lines, which extend outside the polygon. The circle also extends outside the polygon.

Chapter 6

Working with Raster Data

Enhanced bitonal region objects (continued) h"›˜’FdF4›apm˜’F›’

pmmF4›F=˜’FdF4›apm˜’F›’

h"›˜pd©Vpm˜

pmmF4›F=˜pd©Vpm

A Smart Crossing Polygon selects the raster entities that are within the polygon and that touch the polygon. In this example, the leader lines, the text, the dimension lines, and the circle are included in the selection.

A Connected Crossing Polygon selects the raster entities that are within the polygon, that touch the polygon, and that are connected to entities that touch the polygon. In this example, all entities except the text in the upper right are selected. This text is not connected to any entities.

h"›˜ Fm4F

pmmF4›F=˜ Fm4F

A Smart Fence selects the raster entities that touch the fence. In this example, the leader lines and the dimension lines are included in the selection. The text, which is enclosed by the fence but does not touch the fence, is not included.

A Connected Fence selects the raster entities that touch the fence and that are connected to entities that touch the fence. In this example, all entities except the two areas of text are selected. The text does not touch the fence and is not connected to any entities.

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Enhanced bitonal region objects (continued) h"›˜’FdF4›apm˜’F›’

pmmF4›F=˜’FdF4›apm˜’F›’ pmmF4›F=˜m›a›© A Connected Entity selects a raster entity and any entities that are connected to the entity. In this example, all entities except the two areas of text are selected. This text is not connected to any entities. The crosshairs show the single point used to select the connected entities.

Connected Option If you use the Connected option to create a REM object, a raster object is defined from a collection of all the image pixels that are all connected. That is, for a given pixel in the raster object, you can get to any other pixel by following ON pixels. This option is the same as the flood fill option found in many image editing programs.

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Connected option FdF4›apm˜hF›^p=’˜

’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

window

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a Connected Window

crossing window

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a Connected Crossing Window

window polygon

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a Connected Window Polygon

crossing polygon

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a Connected Crossing Polygon

fence

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a Connected Fence

entity

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region Using a Connected Entity

Smart Option If you use the Smart option to create a REM object, a raster object is defined from the pixels that make up a raster line, circle, or arc.

REM Objects

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Smart option FdF4›apm˜hF›^p=’˜

’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

window

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region using a Smart Window

crossing window

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region using a Smart Crossing Window

window polygon

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region using a Smart Window Polygon

crossing polygon

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region using a Smart Crossing Polygon

fence

Define a REM Enhanced Bitonal Region using a Smart Fence

NOTE The entity selection method is not available using the Smart option. You can create a REM primitive object instead. There are four grips on a REM enhanced bitonal region object, one at each vertex. If you move a grip, the entire object moves.

Primitive Objects You can use primitive regions on bitonal images. A primitive object is made up of a single raster line, circle, or arc. Primitives are more intelligent than regions and enhanced bitonal regions because their dimensions can be changed. For example, you can change the diameter of a circle and still maintain its original width. You can also use grip stretch commands or AutoCAD's Properties dialog box to change the dimensions of your primitive object.

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You can define three types of REM primitive objects from raster entities in bitonal images: ■ ■ ■

Line Arc Circle

You can also use Smart Pick to define a primitive object. CAD Overlay automatically detects the geometry of the selected raster entity and defines the entity as a primitive line, arc, or circle. The following illustrations show selections made using Smart Pick.

˜amF˜

˜a4dF˜

˜4˜

After you have defined your Primitive Object, you can use AutoCAD commands and REM commands to modify it; see “Using REM Objects to Edit Raster Images” on page 84. After you have completed your changes to the object, you must merge it back into your original raster image or create a new image from the REM objects; see “Merging REM Objects into Existing Images” on page 86 and “Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image” on page 86.

REM Objects

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Using REM Objects to Edit Raster Images You can use custom REM region objects, enhanced bitonal region objects, and Primitive Objects to edit raster data. There are several ways to work with REM objects. You can use AutoCAD commands, the REM edit mode menu, the REM toolbar, the REM flyout from the Image menu, and the REM command line interface. See Appendix B, “Command Summary.” The following AutoCAD commands can operate on REM objects: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

MOVE GRIP STRETCH ROTATE SCALE COPY MIRROR ERASE UNDO MODIFY

NOTE AutoCAD commands that cannot be used on REM objects are TRIM, EXTEND, and EXPLODE. When you run an AutoCAD command that causes a REM object to become out of sync with the original image, CAD Overlay erases the corresponding raster data from the source image. For example, you can define a REM object and then perform the AutoCAD MOVE command. Once the object has been moved, REM deletes the object from the original image. If you want to immediately delete a REM object after defining it, use the AutoCAD ERASE command. See AutoCAD 2000i online Help for detailed instructions for using AutoCAD commands.

Edit Mode Menu The Edit Mode menu is a shortcut menu that appears when you select one or more REM objects and right-click. The majority of the commands on this menu are AutoCAD commands. To access REM specific commands, choose the REM flyout menu options.

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You can use the Edit Mode menu to refine the selection used to create a REM region or primitive, remove subcomponents of the object, toggle transparency, or merge the object into a raster image. If you select multiple REM objects, you can use only those options that are valid for all of the selected objects. For example, if you select three REM objects and only two of them are in Refine Mode, you cannot use Refine Mode.

For more information, use to locate “Overview of REM Refine Mode,” and “Use REM Refine Mode” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

You can do the following by using the REM Edit Mode menu: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Convert a REM object into a new raster image Change the transparency Refine the object (REM region and primitive objects only) Remove subsections of the object Smooth the object

Using REM Objects to Edit Raster Images

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NOTE These options are also available on the REM toolbar and on the REM flyout on the Image menu. You can use the Merge to Raster command on your modified REM object. This command takes the raster data that was part of the REM object and makes it a part of the original raster image.

Merging REM Objects into Existing Images You can merge your REM objects into an existing image by selecting Image ➤ REM ➤ Merge To Raster Image. REM merges all selected REM objects into the image they are currently over. If your REM object is not over (or under) an image, a warning message is displayed, stating that the REM object cannot be merged. If your REM object is partly touching the image, the image expands to accommodate the REM object. If your REM object is below the image and you try to merge it, it merges into the image above it. Unlike Vector Merge, display order is not respected. If you have multiple images open, then a message prompts you to select the image you want to merge the REM objects into. For example, your REM object may be over two images or span across two adjacent images.

Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image You can convert your selected REM objects to a new raster image by selecting Image ➤ REM ➤ Convert To Raster Image. When you convert your REM objects to a new raster image, you create a new image containing your REM objects. If you have REM objects in the PICKFIRST set, REM respects AutoCAD’s PICKFIRST Variable. If you do not have REM objects in the PICKFIRST set, CAD Overlay prompts you to select REM objects. If you select more than one REM object, CAD Overlay merges the selected REM objects into one raster image; it does not create different raster images for each REM object selected. If your raster image was created from a REM polygonal, circular, or diagonal region, the image is clipped to match the geometry of the REM object. All data outside the clip, but within the boundary of the image, is set to the transparency color.

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Merging Vector You can use the Vector Merge (ivmerge) command to merge vectors into an existing or new raster image. Vector Merge allows you to make precise changes to your raster image using AutoCAD commands, while keeping your data in a raster format. To merge vectors ›Fz’

’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

s Select Image ➤ Merge ➤ Merge Vector to display the Select objects prompt at the command line

Merging Vectors into a Raster Image

or Type ivmerge. ¢ If there is more than one image in the drawing, select the vectors and image you want to merge. If the Prompt to Delete Vector check box is selected on the Vector Merge Default tab, then you will be prompted to delete the vectors.  Press

ENTER

to start the vector merge operation.

When you perform Vector Merge, you can select Raster Pen widths for the merge by specifying pen thickness in the Raster Pen Settings dialog box.

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Raster pens thicken vector entities when you merge them into the image. Thicknesses are assigned according to the specified entity color. To select raster pen widths for vector merge ›Fz’

’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

s Select Image Merge ➤ Raster Pens to display the Raster Pen Settings dialog box

Select Pen Widths for Vector Merge

or Type zFm’.  Type _zFm’˜to access the command line interface. ¢ From the Color Index list, select the color(s) whose width you want to modify.  Do one of the following to choose your pen width: ■ Type your desired width in the Pen Width edit box. ■ Select Pick< and define the width from your

AutoCAD screen. The chosen width is displayed in the Pen Width edit box. If you want this width to apply to all of the raster pens, select Use Fixed Width. T Click OK to close the dialog box and apply the raster pen settings.

Snapping to Binary Raster Entities Raster snap modes make it easy to select exact positions on binary raster entities. Raster snap modes work like AutoCAD Object Snap modes, except that they snap to raster entities instead of to vector objects. Raster snaps are useful when you want to: ■ ■ ■

Trace a raster entity with VTools commands Select a raster entity to rub or crop Select a raster entity to edit with raster entity manipulation (REM) commands

NOTE Raster snapping works only with bitonal images.

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You can use Raster Snap to snap your AutoCAD cursor to the center, end, corner, intersection, or edge of a bitonal raster image. If you choose more than one snap mode, the crosshairs snap to the closest of the possible snap points. When the crosshairs snap to the point you want to select, pick the point. Raster Snap operates in two modes, on and off. When raster snapping is on (active), CAD Overlay displays a snap window around the AutoCAD cursor. The snap window moves along with the AutoCAD cursor and displays the crosshairs over points to which you can snap. You can use the crosshairs to pick a point. You can toggle Raster Snap on and off by using the Toggle Quick Bar command from the Image menu.

For more information, use CAD Overlay online Help.

to locate “Toggle Quick Bar” in the

You can access the Raster Snap options on the AutoCAD Drafting Settings dialog box by selecting Tools ➤ Drafting Settings and selecting the Raster Snap tab.

For more information, use CAD Overlay online Help.

to locate “Raster Snap tab” in the

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Key Concepts: Raster Snapping ■ ■

To set the snap settings, select Tools ➤ Drafting Settings and select the Raster Snap tab or type isnap. A raster entity you want to snap to must be partially within the snap window. The snap window size is pixel dependent. If necessary, change the snap window size so that it is large enough to encompass the entire pixel width of the entity you want to snap to.

For more information, use in the CAD Overlay online Help.

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to locate “Specify Raster Snap Settings”

Converting Raster to Vector

7

The CAD Overlay vectorization tools make it possible

In this chapter

for you to convert raster images into vector. You can use

■ Vectorization Tools

these tools to verify the geometry of the objects you vectorize. The follower tools can even trace complex

■ Follower tools ■ Using vector separation

geometry such as polylines and contours semiautomatically.

91

Vectorization Tools To get the most out of your binary raster images, you can convert your raster geometry to AutoCAD vectors. This conversion is known as vectorizing an image. Since vectorizing an image can be time consuming, you should consider your plans for the image before deciding whether or not to vectorize it. ■ ■ ■

If you only want to archive the image, you don’t need to vectorize it. If you want to move, copy, or delete areas of the image, you can use the REM commands to edit the image instead of vectorizing it. If you want to remove portions of the raster image, you can use the Rub, Crop, and REM raster editing commands instead of vectorizing it.

If you cannot easily change the image using the above suggestions, or if you need to use the vector data in AutoCAD or another program, you should vectorize the entities.

Vectorizing and Verifying Dimensions with Vectorization Tools CAD Overlay has vectorization tools that you can use to simplify the process of vectorizing raster entities. Each type of vectorization tool is designed to vectorize a corresponding raster geometry type. In many cases, you can convert a raster entity to vector with a single pick. You can also define the vector entity by picking two or more points on the image. After you use a vectorization tool, you can continue to vectorize raster entities using either selection method. There are seven vectorization tools: ■

■

■

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The line tool converts raster lines to AutoCAD Line entities. The line tool uses two basic selection methods: one-pick, which vectorizes a raster line with a single pick, and multi-pick, which requires you to enter two points to define the start and endpoint of the raster line. The polyline tool converts raster lines to AutoCAD Polyline entities. Like the line tool, you can use two basic selection methods with the polyline tool: one-pick, which vectorizes a raster line with a single pick, and multipick, which requires you to enter two points to define the start and endpoint of the raster line. The rectangle tool converts raster rectangles to vector rectangles. You select points to define the corners and angle of the rectangle and CAD Overlay creates a closed polyline with the dimensions and orientation you specified.

Converting Raster to Vector

■

■

■

The circle tool converts raster circles to AutoCAD Circle entities. You can select the raster circle using several methods, including a one-pick method that vectorizes a raster circle with a single pick. The arc tool converts raster arcs to AutoCAD Arc entities. You can select the raster arc using several methods, including a one-pick method that vectorizes a raster arc with a single pick. The text tool and the mtext tool replace raster text with AutoCAD text or mtext.

NOTE When using one-pick selection for the line, polyline, arc, and circle vectorization tools, CAD Overlay uses SmartCorrect to increase the precision with which the vectors are created. Depending on the settings you select on the VTools General tab of the CAD Overlay Option dialog box, CAD Overlay corrects the resulting vector using the current AutoCAD drafting settings and precision. Vectorization tools can be used to verify and adjust the dimensions of the vector entities you draw, which is important because the raster image you are vectorizing might not be accurate. The scale may be incorrect, or the image might have been scanned poorly. For example, after you vectorize a line segment, you can check the line length and angle to make sure they are correct. If they aren’t, you can change the dimensions before you create the next line. To convert a raster line to a vector line ›Fz’

˜’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

s Insert a binary raster image into your drawing. A good sample image to use is fm.rlc in the co2000i\samples folder.

Insert Images

¢ Select Image ➤ Options, then click the VTools General tab and select a VTools Removal setting.

Choose a VTools Removal Setting

As you trace a raster entity, the CAD Overlay removes, deletes, or preserves the raster line according to the VTools Removal setting you selected. Click OK to exit the dialog box.  Select Tools ➤ Drafting Settings and select the Raster Snap tab or type˜a’m"z and select the appropriate snap modes to aid in your selection of points on the raster.

Specify Raster Snap Settings

T Select Image ➤ Vectorization Tools ➤ Line.

Convert a Raster Line to Vector

Vectorization Tools

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To convert a raster line to a vector line (continued) ›Fz’

˜’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

Q When the raster snap glyph snaps to the point you want to select, pick the point. The end of the raster line nearest the point you pick is considered the start point and is marked with an arrow glyph. – Notice that the length and angle of the line segment are displayed on the command line. If the line is not at the correct angle, type ˜and press to verify the angle of the vector line segment you just created.

ENTER

• Type  and press ENTER, then select another vector line to match the angle of that vector. G If the line is supposed to intersect another vector entity, type  and press ENTER, then click another entity to extend the vector line segment you just created so that it intersects the second entity. n Pick another point, or press command.

ENTER

to exit the

For information about using vectorization tools, use to locate “Converting Raster Entities to Vector” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

The Follower Tools CAD Overlay features several follower vtools which replace the Line Follower Extension (LFX) tools in previous versions of CAD Overlay. These follower tools provide a semi-automatic method of tracing the raster geometry you want to vectorize. When you use the contour follower tool, for instance, CAD Overlay “follows” the selected contour line, stopping for input only when the follower can no longer proceed on its own (for instance, when it meets a raster endpoint or a label for the contour). This pause is referred to as a “decision point.” At each decision point, you can provide more information, change course, back up to a previous vertex, stop the follower, and so on. Vectorization tools include three followers: ■

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The Polyline Follower converts raster polylines to AutoCAD Polyline entities using a follower to trace the raster polyline as you go.

Converting Raster to Vector

■

■

The Contour Follower converts raster contours to AutoCAD Polyline entities with elevation, or to contour objects (if you are using AutoCAD Land Development Desktop) using a follower to trace the raster contour as you go. When a contour is completed, the contour follower prompts you to enter elevation data. The 3D Polyline Follower traces a defined fence or existing vector polyline, stopping at each point where it intersects raster (called a Raster Impact Point) to prompt for elevation data. The resulting AutoCAD 3D Polyline represents the elevation of the raster contours it intersects.

You can use the contour follower to vectorize a contour and the VText command to convert the text label associated with it.

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˜"VmaOaF=˜¦aF§˜pO˜mF§˜¦F4›p

˜F¨›˜¦F4›pa«F’˜›F¨›

To convert a raster contour to a vector polyline ›Fz’

’F˜

˜›p˜dp4"›F

s Insert a binary raster image into your drawing. A good sample image to use is contour.rlc in the co2000i\samples folder.

Insert Images

¢ Select Image ➤ Options. Then click the VTools Follower tab and select Polyline from the Contour Creates drop-down list.

Change Contour Follower Settings

Click OK to exit the dialog box.  Select Image ➤ Vectorization Tools ➤ Contour Follower.

Convert Raster Contours to Vector with the Follower

Vectorization Tools

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To convert a raster contour to a vector polyline (continued) ›Fz’

’F˜

T Select a raster contour.

Convert Raster Contours to Vector with the Follower

The contour follower traces the contour until it comes to a point where confusing geometry or a raster intersection (if configured to stop at raster intersection) force it to pause for input. This is called a decision point.

˜›p˜dp4"›F

Q If you want to manually add a point, type  and press ENTER, then click to add the point to the polyline. – If you want to specify a direction for the follower to proceed, type  and press ENTER, then click in the direction you want the follower to proceed. • If you want to close the polyline, type  and press ENTER. G Enter an elevation for the contour, then press

ENTER.

n You can select another contour to follow, or you press ENTER to exit the command.

For information about using the follower VTools, use to locate “Converting Raster Entities to Vector” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

Using Vector Separation One of the most powerful aspects of vectorization tools is the Vector Separation Options. Rather than managing layers and polyline widths on an entity-by-entity basis, the Vector Separation Options automatically assign these values to the vectors created by vectorization tools. There are two ways to use vector separation: ■

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You can separate vectors based on the width of the raster lines by using the General tab of the Vector Separation Options dialog box. Most mechanical drawings, for instance, use thinner lines to represent dimension lines, and thicker lines to draw the objects. Vector Separation can place each type of line on its own layer based on the width of the raster lines. Simply specify a range of line widths for the raster entity, then assign layer and polyline width values those ranges. When you use a vectorization tool, CAD Overlay examines the raster line

Converting Raster to Vector

width and assigns the values you specified for that width to the newly created vectors.

■

You can assign layer and polyline widths to contours based on their elevation interval using the Contour tab of the Vector Separation Options dialog box. For instance, you might set the elevation interval for major contours to 50, and the elevation interval for minor contours to 10. If you then followed a contour and set the elevation value to 450, the resulting vector contour would be assigned to the major layer. Likewise, if you traced a contour and set the elevation value to 440, the resulting vector would be assigned to the minor layer.

Click Vector Separation on the VTools General tab of the CAD Overlay Options dialog box to access the Vector Separation Options dialog box.

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To adjust the vector separation options ›Fz’

’F˜

s Insert a binary raster image into your drawing.

Insert Images

˜›p˜dp4"›F

A good sample image to use is Facil.cal in the co2000i\samples folder. ¢ Select Image ➤ Options. Click the VTools General tab, and then click the Vector Separation button.

Change the General Vector Separation Options

 Click the General tab. T In the Width Table section, select the Use Width Table check box. Q Click Insert Below. – With the new row still highlighted, double-click the Maximum cell, then enter a new value. • With the new row highlighted, double-click the Layer cell, then select a new layer from the drop-down list. G To determine the width of a raster line, click Query Width, then click a raster line. The width is reported in pixels and in AutoCAD units. Click OK to exit the Entity Width Information dialog box. n In the default section, select a layer from the Layer dropdown list. Entities which do not meet the line width criteria of the Width Table are assigned to this layer. s¬ Click Save As Default to retain the current vector separation settings. Vector separation settings are not saved with the drawing. Unless you save the current settings as the default, they will not be saved for future drawing sessions. Vector separation files have a .vs extension. ss Click OK to exit the Vector Separation Options dialog box. s¢ Click OK to exit the CAD Overlay Options dialog box.

For information about using the Vector Separation Options, use locate “Vector Separation Options” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

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to

Key Concepts: Vectorization Tools ■

■ ■

■

Vectorization tools work best when you convert raster to vector on binary images. One-pick selection and follower tools do not work with grayscale or color photographs. The follower commands trace complex raster geometry, such as contours, by relying on interaction from you at key decision points. Before using vectorization tools, adjust the settings in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box. Use the options on the VTools General and VTools Follower tabs to customize the vectorization tools to your particular needs. For instance, by adjusting the VTools Removal setting, you can choose to delete a preset line width, delete using REM delete (which preserves raster intersections), or you can choose to leave the raster entity in your drawing. By adjusting the Contour Creates setting, you can control whether the Contour Follower creates a polyline or a contour object. Use Vector Separation Options to automatically assign a layer and polyline width to the vectors you create with vectorization tools. You can assign these values based on either raster line width or the elevation of the resulting vectors.

Vectorization Tools

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Part II Installation Guide

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Installation Guide

Installing CAD Overlay

8

This chapter includes complete instructions for

In this chapter

installing CAD Overlay, both for single users and for

■ Single-user installation

network users worldwide. It is recommended you review all the options before you begin your installation process.

■ Network administrator

installation ■ Your CAD Overlay CD-ROM ■ Checking system requirements ■ Preparing for installation ■ Installation recommendations ■ Where to install your files ■ Unique installation conditions ■ CAD Overlay program

group cons ■ CAD Overlay menus

103

Choosing Your Installation Options You have two main installation options to choose from: single-user installation and network installation. To decide which installation option best suits your needs, read the following sections: “Single-User Installation,” and “Network Installation.” The Network Installation section describes two sub-options: network deployment and client deployment. Read through the common characteristics of both before you consider their advantages and disadvantages.

Single-User Installation You can install CAD Overlay as a single-user in a non-network environment. You install the product directly from the CD, which allows you to choose the folder where you would like CAD Overlay to be installed. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of a single-user install to those described in the next section, “Network Administrator Installation,” to decide which installation best suits the needs of your company.

An installation of CAD Overlay exists on your computer only.

Advantages ■ ■ ■ ■

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Does not require a network. Installs all the program files onto your computer, allowing CAD Overlay to run at its maximum speed. No network dependency. If the network goes down, you can continue to use CAD Overlay. Complete control over where CAD Overlay is installed on your computer.

Installing CAD Overlay

Disadvantages ■ ■ ■

Uses more memory space on your computer. Only your individual computer has CAD Overlay installed and running, therefore only one person at a time can use it. Decentralizes the use of CAD Overlay, making product updates more time consuming to install. For example, if an administrator needs to apply a patch to CAD Overlay, the patch must be applied to each computer that has CAD Overlay installed.

If you want to install CAD Overlay as a single-user, refer to “Installing SingleUser CAD Overlay” on page 113.

Network Installation Before you proceed, you must first decide which installation option suits your needs. If you are a Network Administrator, there are three main installation options to choose from: network deployment, client deployment, and single-user. CAD Overlay actively supports all three of these options. Please read the descriptions of each of these options and consider the pros and cons before making your decision.

Common Characteristics With both network deployment and client deployment, you can control where CAD Overlay is installed on each of the client computers, and which pre-configured settings each client computer to uses. This saves time in communicating corporate installation standards. You can also define which AutoCAD Desktop that CAD Overlay is installed on. Deployments are created for client installations on the network server. You must have an AutoCAD desktop installed, including a version of the Autodesk License Manager (which is installed automatically with your AutoCAD desktop).

NOTE During a network setup, CAD Overlay 2000i does not detect if the previous version of CAD Overlay (CAD Overlay 2000) is already installed. Before installing CAD Overlay 2000i, you should first uninstall CAD Overlay 2000.

Advantages ■

Allows for floating licensing, making it possible for different client computers to run CAD Overlay as needed, allowing more flexibility.

Network Installation

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105

■

Controls where CAD Overlay is installed on each client computer and which pre-configured settings are used.

Disadvantages ■

Client computers cannot operate CAD Overlay if the network is down.

Network Deployment As a network administrator, you should install CAD Overlay using network deployment if you want to minimize the number of CAD Overlay files installed on the client computers. All CAD Overlay files can be stored in a centralized location on your network server. This setup makes updating information to all of the clients much faster. For example, if you need to install a patch, you can install the patch on your network server rather than installing the patch on each client computer. F›§pc˜F¦F An installation of CAD Overlay exists on the Server, in one installation location.

CAD Overlay can be launched from the client computer.

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daFm›

daFm›

Advantages ■ ■

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Saves memory space on the client computers. Centralizes the use of CAD Overlay, making it faster to update the product. For example, if you need to apply a patch to the product, you apply it to one central location, instead of to each client computer.

Installing CAD Overlay

Disadvantages ■ ■

Slower performance on each of the client computers, as CAD Overlay needs to search the network for required information. If your company has more than one flavor of AutoCAD (such as AutoCAD Land Development Desktop or AutoCAD Architectural Desktop), and you want CAD Overlay to install each client on a different AutoCAD Desktop, you should consider installing through client deployment.

If you want to install CAD Overlay as a network deployment, see “Installing CAD Overlay on a Network” on page 113.

Client Deployment As a network administrator, you should install CAD Overlay using client deployment if you want the client computers to contain all of the program files. You can control where CAD Overlay is installed on each of the client computers, and which pre-configured settings each client computer uses. This saves time communicating corporate installation standards. F›§pc˜F¦F

An installation of CAD Overlay exists on the Server. Each client can install CAD Overlay directly from the Network.

A deployment of CAD Overlay is installed on the client computer from the Network.

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daFm›

daFm›

Advantages ■

Installs all program files onto your client computers, allowing CAD Overlay to run at its maximum speed.

Network Installation

|

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Disadvantages ■ ■

Uses more memory space on your client computer. Decentralizes the use of CAD Overlay, making product updates more time consuming to install. For example, if an administrator needed to apply a patch to the product for all of the clients to use, it could not be applied to one central location. Each client computer would need to be updated individually.

If you want to install CAD Overlay as a network deployment, see “Installing CAD Overlay on a Network” on page 113.

Your CAD Overlay CD-ROM Depending on the country you live in, you received one of two different CAD Overlay CD-ROMs when you purchased CAD Overlay. One CD-ROM is distributed within the United States and Canada, and the other CD-ROM is distributed internationally. The differences between the two CD-ROMs are described below.

The CAD Overlay CD-ROM for Customers in the United States and Canada (Domestic) If you are a customer within the United States or Canada, then your CD-ROM includes both a single-user unlocked version of CAD Overlay and a network version of CAD Overlay. The network version of CAD Overlay uses the Autodesk License Manager which you can use to license CAD Overlay from a license server on a network. ■

■

Install the single-user unlocked version of CAD Overlay from the root directory of your CAD Overlay CD-ROM: e:\setup.exe. You must contact Autodesk to receive an authorization code within 30 days after installing this version. The unlocked version is limited to use on one computer. Install the network version of CAD Overlay from the netsetup folder of your CAD Overlay CD-ROM: e:\netsetup\setup.exe. You must contact Autodesk to license this version immediately after installing it in order to use the software.

NOTE All information about licensing CAD Overlay is in Chapter 9, “Licensing CAD Overlay” on page 117.

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The CAD Overlay CD-ROM for International Customers If you are an international customer, then your CD-ROM includes a network version of CAD Overlay. The network version of CAD Overlay uses the Autodesk License Manager (AdLM) which you can use to license CAD Overlay from a license server on a network. ■

Install the locked version of CAD Overlay from the root directory of your CAD Overlay CD-ROM: e:\setup.exe. You must contact Autodesk to license this version immediately after installing it in order to use the software.

WARNING! Before you install CAD Overlay, decide which type of licensing you want to use. For more information, see “Flexible Licensing Overview” in Chapter 9, “Licensing CAD Overlay.”

Checking System Requirements To run properly, Autodesk CAD Overlay 2000i requires a minimum of the following hardware and software. If your computer does not meet the minimum requirements, then upgrade your computer before installing any software. This prevents later problems.

Minimum System Requirements ■

One of the following AutoCAD 2000- and 2000i-based products: ■ AutoCAD 2000 or AutoCAD 2000i ■ AutoCAD Architectural Desktop Release 2 or AutoCAD Architectural Desktop Release 2i ■ Mechanical Desktop Release 4 ■ AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 or AutoCAD Mechanical 2000i ■ AutoCAD Map 2000 or AutoCAD Map 2000i

■

Pentium 133-based PC Windows 95b/98, or Windows NT 4.0 32 MB RAM (minimum) See installation program for hard disk space requirements. 64 MB hard disk swap space (minimum) Quad-speed CD-ROM drive

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

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NOTE AutoCAD 2000i requires that users be assigned either Power User or Administrator permissions when using the Windows 2000 operating system. Failure to assign these permissions causes AutoCAD 2000i and its third-party applications to perform incorrectly. See the Windows 2000 Help system for information about assigning user permissions.

Network Installation of CAD Overlay System administrators planning to install CAD Overlay on a network must have one of the following installed and functioning on the computers that are running CAD Overlay: ■ ■

TCP/IP IPX protocol

Requirements for Sharing Data in a Network Environment In addition to the software and hardware requirements that are described in the preceding section, the following is required for sharing CAD Overlay data in a network environment: ■

■

Each user must have a unique network login name to use raster file locking. The login name is used to identify users so that images can be locked appropriately. If you share the same network login name with another user, then your image files could be overwritten. For raster file locking to work properly, everyone on the network must use the same file locking method and folder. These settings are controlled through the CAD Overlay Options dialog box.

For more information about locking images over a network, use to locate “Set the Locking Method for Image Files” in the CAD Overlay online Help.

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Preparing for Installation Make sure you configure the following items before you install CAD Overlay.

Virtual Memory Settings For the maximum performance, use the Virtual Memory settings recommended in your Windows manual.

File Systems CAD Overlay runs on the Windows NT (FAT & NTFS) and Windows 95/98 file systems.

Log in as Administrator (Windows NT Only) When you install CAD Overlay, be sure you are logged in as Administrator, or that your login name is part of the Administrator Group.

NOTE AutoCAD 2000i requires that users be assigned either Power User or Administrator permissions when using the Windows 2000 operating system. Failure to assign these permissions causes AutoCAD 2000i and its third-party applications to perform incorrectly. See the Windows 2000 Help system for information about assigning user permissions.

WARNING! If your current login does not have Administrator privileges, CAD Overlay does not install correctly for Windows NT.

Installation Recommendations Decide which type of installation you want to use. For more information, see “Choosing Your Installation Options” on page 104. Autodesk recommends that you follow the following steps to install CAD Overlay.

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To install CAD Overlay ›Fz’ s Make sure that AutoCAD 2000 loads and runs properly and that peripheral devices (such as monitors, digitizers, plotters, and so on) are configured and working properly before you install CAD Overlay. ¢ Delete any previous version of CAD Overlay before installing CAD Overlay 2000i.  Do not install CAD Overlay in the same folder as a previous version without uninstalling the previous version.  Decide where you want to install the program files. For more information, see “Where to Install Your Files” on page 112. T When you install CAD Overlay, it is recommended that you choose the Full installation option. This installs all the files you need to run CAD Overlay. This option also installs all sample and tutorial files.

Where to Install Your Files During installation, you are prompted to specify the location where you want to install CAD Overlay. The default installation folder is c:\Program Files\co2000i.

Unique Installation Conditions Custom Installation If you perform a custom installation, then you can choose to install: ■ ■

Program Files (files needed to run CAD Overlay) Sample and tutorial images

More than One AutoCAD If you have more than one installation of AutoCAD, then you are prompted to select which AutoCAD you want to use with CAD Overlay. Your AutoCAD profile from the installation you specify is copied and modified for use with CAD Overlay.

NOTE CAD Overlay 2000i cannot be installed on AutoCAD Release 14. You need AutoCAD 2000, AutoCAD 2000i, or a compatible AutoCAD desktop.

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Installing Single-User CAD Overlay To install single-user CAD Overlay ›Fz’ s Place the CAD Overlay CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive. ¢ Select Start ➤ Run.  In the Open box, type˜F9+’F›¤z˜(where “e” is the drive letter for the CD-ROM drive), and then click OK. T Follow the instructions on the screen. Click Next to proceed through the installation process. After the installation is complete, you can either start the program or be prompted to register your software.

NOTE If you installed the single-user unlocked version of CAD Overlay (in the United States and Canada), then you can start CAD Overlay. When you start the program, you are prompted to enter an authorization code. Follow the instructions on screen to obtain your authorization code. You have up to 30 days to obtain this code and enter it. If you installed a locked version of CAD Overlay, then you are prompted to register CAD Overlay at the end of the installation process. Registration begins the process of obtaining your authorization code and licensing the software. For more information about registering and licensing CAD Overlay, see Chapter 9, “Licensing CAD Overlay” on page 117.

Installing CAD Overlay on a Network To install CAD Overlay on a Network, follow the same steps used to install your AutoCAD Desktop on the network, with two minor changes:

Client Deployment Adds the ability for you to verify the location of your AutoCAD desktop installation, and the ability to choose a profile during client installation.

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Network Deployment Network deployment adds the ability for you to choose a profile during network installation. For complete instructions about installing CAD Overlay on a Network, refer to the Installation Guide included with your AutoCAD desktop.

Associating CAD Overlay to Your AutoCAD Desktop ■

■

Client Deployment: When client machines install from client deployments, CAD Overlay is installed on the client machine and is bound to the AutoCAD Desktop installed on the client machine. The network administrator chooses this AutoCAD desktop when creating the client deployment. Network Deployment: When network administrators create network deployments, CAD Overlay is installed on the network server and is bound to an AutoCAD Desktop installation also on the network server. The network administrator chooses this AutoCAD desktop when creating the network deployment. When client machines install from the network deployment, the client machines are configured to run CAD Overlay, and its associated AutoCAD platform, from the network server.

CAD Overlay Program Group Icons After you have completed installing CAD Overlay, the installation program creates icons in the program group you specified. These icons are listed in the table below. Program group icons 4pm

F’4az›apm  ¦Fd"©˜¢¬¬¬a˜starts CAD Overlay.  ¦Fd"©˜¢¬¬¬a˜Fdz˜ adF’ accesses online Help and online tutorials.

 ¦Fd"©˜¢¬¬¬a˜FdF"’F˜p›F’ accesses the CAD Overlay Release Notes that contain the latest information on CAD Overlay.

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Program group icons (continued) 4pm

F’4az›apm CA ¦Fd"©˜¢¬¬¬a˜a4Fm’F˜VFFhFm›˜allows you to read and print a document that contains the CAD Overlay License Agreement.

CAD Overlay Menus The CAD Overlay Image menu is added to your current AutoCAD menu. It is inserted to the left of the AutoCAD Help menu. Each time you run CAD Overlay, it checks to make sure the image menu is loaded. If it is not loaded, then CAD Overlay loads it if the Load menu on CAD Overlay Startup check box is selected in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box. See Appendix B, “CAD Overlay Command Summary” on page 137 for a complete listing of the CAD Overlay Image menu options with their corresponding command names.

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Licensing CAD Overlay

9

This chapter describes how to license CAD Overlay

In this chapter

using flexible licensing management. With flexible

■ Flexible licensing

licensing management, you can license CAD Overlay on a local computer or from a license server on a network.

■ Domestic single-user licensing ■ International single-user

licensing ■ Floating licensing

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Flexible Licensing Overview Whether you activate CAD Overlay with a locked single-user or floating licensing, you must obtain an authorization code to activate the licenses for CAD Overlay. Review the following information to determine the licensing method that you want to use.

Single-User Licensing Licenses that are assigned to a single local computer are called single-user licenses. With a single-user license, you can install and run CAD Overlay from a local computer. The license is only valid for that computer. You can log on to a network to share certain project files with other users, but you cannot share the program files. Licensing for single users is different for locked and unlocked versions of CAD Overlay. For more information on the locked version, see “Authorizing CAD Overlay for a Domestic Single User” on page 120. For more information on the unlocked version, see “Authorizing CAD Overlay for an International Single User” on page 121.

Floating Licensing Licenses that are issued by the license manager program installed on a server are called floating licenses. With floating licensing, you can install CAD Overlay either locally or on a network. However, the license manager program must be installed on a server that is accessible to each client computer. The license manager issues and manages the licenses. The number of users who can run CAD Overlay depends on the number of available licenses from the license manager. Any Windows 95/98 or Windows NT workstation on the network can be set up as a license server. However, for best performance a Windows NT workstation is recommended. The benefit of floating licensing is that the licenses are not tied to a particular machine. This allows any client to run CAD Overlay provided that there are available licenses. For more information, see “Licensing CAD Overlay on a Network” on page 131 in this chapter.

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Network Terminology Before licensing, take a moment to become familiar with the following terminology: Network terminology Fh

FOama›apm

¤›p=F’c˜a4Fm’F˜ "m"VFr

A program that issues and manages software licenses.

dp"›amV˜a4Fm’amV

A method of licensing that controls single or multiple user access to software programs. Licenses are assigned on a first come, first serve basis. For example, if there are five licenses available, any five users can use CAD Overlay. This method requires the use of a license manager program on a license server.

˜| m›FmF›§pc˜ "4cF›˜F4^"mVF}

The protocol utilized by Novell Networks.

a4Fm’F˜F¦F

Any computer that is running a license manager program.

p4"d

A computer and the software or data files on that computer. For example, a “local hard drive” is the hard drive in your computer.

F¦F

A computer that provides software and /or data to other computers that are attached to the network.

^"F=˜"›"

Project data that can be accessed by more than one user.

^"F=˜pV"h

Programs that can be accessed by multiple users simultaneously from a single installation of software.

— ˜|"m’ha’’apm˜ pm›pd˜p›p4pd˜—˜ m›FmF›˜p›p4pd}

The most common protocol utilized under 32-bit Window platforms for AutoCAD Licensing.

ma„¤F˜aF4›p©

A directory on a local hard drive or on a server that is unique for each user.

¤›^pa«"›apm˜p=F

The code that you receive when you register CAD Overlay. This code activates your licenses. You can get your authorization codes by registering your software.

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Registering Your Software After you have installed CAD Overlay, you must register your software. By registering your software, you receive the authorization code or codes necessary to activate your licenses and you receive new CAD Overlay program releases, training classes, and new support information. Refer to the ‘Read This First Card’ included in your CAD Overlay product box.

NOTE If you want to use single-user licensing, you must enter your authorization codes on your local computer. If you want to use floating licensing, then the authorization codes need to be entered on the server.

Authorizing CAD Overlay for a Domestic Single User The first time you start CAD Overlay 2000i, the Begin page of the Authorization wizard is displayed. You can authorize CAD Overlay at that time, or run CAD Overlay and authorize it later. CAD Overlay displays the Begin page for 30 days each time you start the program until you provide an authorization code. After 30 days, you must enter an authorization code to run CAD Overlay. You can authorize CAD Overlay in one of the following ways: ■

■ ■ ■

Internet: Guides you through entering your registration information and sends it to Autodesk over the Internet. Registration/authorization occurs almost instantly once you submit your information. Fax: Guides you through entering your registration information. Saves the information in a file that you can print and fax to Autodesk. Email: Guides you through creating an email message with your registration information, which you can send to Autodesk. Post/Mail: Guides you through entering your registration information. Saves the information in a file that you can print and mail to Autodesk.

p˜"¤›^pa«F˜CAD Overlay s Double-click the CAD Overlay 2000i icon on your desktop. ¢ On the Begin page of the Authorization wizard, select Authorize CAD Overlay 2000i and choose Next.

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 Do one of the following: ■ ■

Select Register and Authorize, which guides you through the electronic registration process. Select Complete Authorization, where you enter your authorization code (which you receive after you’ve registered your product).

T Choose Next and follow the on-screen instructions.

Authorizing CAD Overlay for an International Single User When you authorize a single-user version of CAD Overlay outside of the United States, or when you authorize educational, NFR (Not For Resale), "Try and Buy," and Term Use versions of CAD Overlay worldwide, only the computer you authorized is licensed to run that copy of CAD Overlay. The licensing software identifies the licensed computer by using certain components on the computer, such as the hard disk. The following section, “Important License Information,” provides information about the licensing software, possible license errors, and precautions you can take to avoid problems. “License Errors” on page 124 explains what to do if you receive a license error. The CAD Overlay license is only valid on one computer at a time. However, with the CAD Overlay Portable License Utility, you can transfer the license to another computer and then transfer it to a different computer, or transfer the license back to the original computer. See “Transferring a License” on page 126 for instructions.

Important License Information The licensing software uses the following components on your computer to identify the license rights on that computer: ■ ■ ■

primary boot disk files in the license folder system date and time

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Making changes to any of these components may cause a license error that requires you to reauthorize your copy of CAD Overlay. You can avoid most license errors if you take precautions: ■ ■ ■

Do not change Volume Names Do not change the Network card (and hence MAC address) Do not change the system clock beyond changes necessary for travel or Daylight Savings Time.

The following sections provide important license information and describe ways to protect your license from errors.

Understanding the License Folder When you install CAD Overlay, Setup installs a hidden license folder named c:\c_dilla. Do not tamper with the license folder or any files within the folder. Tampering with the license folder or the files within the folder may cause license errors.

Changing the System Clock The CAD Overlay license allows for time changes within two days of the current time on your system clock. If you set the system clock back more than two days, the next time you start CAD Overlay, you receive a message that gives you the option of correcting the system clock. If you do not correct the system clock, you receive a license error and must reauthorize CAD Overlay. For security reasons, you can only set your clock back twice.

Updating Components on a Licensed Computer or Installing a New Computer If you make changes to your computer, or if you install a new computer, you need to take steps to ensure that you do not receive license errors. p˜hp¦F˜©p¤˜da4Fm’F˜›p˜"˜mF§d©˜am’›"ddF=˜4phz¤›F s If you have a new computer, and you now wish to use CAD Overlay on the new computer, install CAD Overlay on the new computer ¢ Move the license to the new computer using the instructions in “Transferring a License” on page 126.  Uninstall CAD Overlay from your old computer.

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p˜"¦pa=˜da4Fm’F˜Fp’˜=¤F˜›p˜¤z="›amV˜"˜4phz¤›F s Before updating the hardware on your computer, transfer the license to a different computer using the instructions in “Transferring a License” on page 126.

NOTE If you are installing a new computer, and you can still access the licensed copy of CAD Overlay on your old computer, you do not need to transfer the license at this time. You can install the new computer, then transfer the license from your old computer to the new one. ¢ Make the required changes to your computer.  Reinstall CAD Overlay, if necessary. T Import the license back to the updated computer using the instructions in “Transferring a License” on page 126.

NOTE Verify that the machine identification code on your computer has not changed, even if you made changes to your computer that did not require you to reinstall CAD Overlay. The machine identification code may change depending on the changes you made.

Uninstalling and Reinstalling CAD Overlay The license information is not removed when you uninstall CAD Overlay. If you reinstall on the same machine, the CAD Overlay license information is still valid. You do not have to reauthorize.

Restoring from a Disk Backup In a lab or training environment, it is common to install software on a master PC, create an image, and then copy that image to multiple PCs. After each class or test session, this image is used to restore the PCs to a known state so that no modified files are carried forward into the new session. To avoid reauthorizing each lab machine after this process, using CAD Overlay in this environment requires a small exception to the rule about modified files. Before the PC master image is restored, the c:\c_dilla folder must be backed up and restored after the master image is restored.

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p˜zFOph˜"m˜ama›a"d˜’F›¤z˜|pmF_›ahF˜pmd©} s Install CAD Overlay on the master PC. ¢ Remove any files from c:\c_dilla, but leave the directory c:\c_dilla\setup.  Create the master image from the bootable partition. T Restore the image onto each PC. Q Launch CAD Overlay and authorize it on each PC. Unique request codes are generated for each PC and cannot be reused.

NOTE You do not need to back up the c_dilla folder at this point, because it is modified during use. p˜F’›pF˜›^F˜paVam"d˜4pmOaV¤"›apm˜|pmVpamV} s After the last time CAD Overlay is run on the PC, copy the c:\c_dilla folder to a backup. The files should easily fit on a floppy disk. ¢ Restore the master image.  Before running CAD Overlay 2000i, restore the specific c:\c_dilla folder for each individual PC.

License Errors Many license errors require you to reauthorize CAD Overlay. If you receive an error, follow the instructions in “Installing Single-User CAD Overlay” on page 113 to request an authorization code. You can continue to run CAD Overlay for seven days after receiving most license errors. After seven days, you must enter an authorization code to run CAD Overlay. Receiving another error of the same type that you originally received within the seven-day waiting period eliminates any remaining time. In that case, you must enter an authorization code to run CAD Overlay.

CAD Overlay Portable License Utility Those using the single user locked version of CAD Overlay can use the Portable License Utility to create a pool of computers that share one license. You can run CAD Overlay on any computer in the pool. However, you can only run CAD Overlay on one computer at a time using the same license. The

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Portable License Utility controls the transfer of an active license from one computer to another and ensures that the software is activated only on the computer that is licensed.

Understanding License Transfers You can transfer your active license by using either a transfer file or a transfer code. The first time you transfer your license, or if you have changed your license details since the last transfer, you must use a transfer file. A transfer file contains all of the information necessary to transfer a license between computers. You can transfer a file on a diskette in a shared network folder, or as an email attachment. The option to use a transfer file is always available when you export a license. A transfer code is a 16-character code that is generated by the exporting computer. You enter the transfer code on the computer to which you are transferring the license. The transfer code option is not available the first time the license is exported or if the machine identification code changes. In these cases you must use a transfer file.

Viewing License Status You can view license status on the Export tab in the Portable License Utility. You must have at least one active license to run CAD Overlay. If the Export tab is empty, you have no active licenses on the current computer. You can export any active license. p˜¦aF§˜da4Fm’F˜’›"›¤’ s On the computer with the active license, from the Start menu (Windows), choose Programs ➤ CAD Overlay 2000i ➤ CAD Overlay Portable License Utility to run the Portable License Utility. ¢ Choose the Export tab. License information is displayed in a tree view.  Expand the tree view so that you can view the status for each license and the names of other computers in the pool by double-clicking any of the licenses in the list. T Select the item you want to view. The Export Information box, located at the bottom of the Export tab, displays additional information about the selected item. The Export button exports the license to the selected computer. See “Transferring a License” on page 126.

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To modify the information contained in a pool of computers, use the controls on the Pool tab. See “Modifying the Pool of Computers” on page 129.

Transferring a License To transfer a license, you must do all of the following: ■ ■

■ ■

Install CAD Overlay on all computers that you want to include in the pool. See “Installing Single-User CAD Overlay” on page 113. Obtain a machine identification code from the target computer or computers (the computer to which you are transferring the license) and add each target computer to the pool. See “To add a computer to the pool of computers” in this section. Export the license from the source computer (the computer where the license is currently active). See “To export the active license” on page 127. Import the active license onto the target computer. See “To import a license” on page 129.

Adding a Computer to the Pool With the Portable License Utility, you can create a pool of computers that share a single license. You can add a computer to the pool at any time. p˜"==˜"˜4phz¤›F˜›p˜›^F˜zppd˜pO˜4phz¤›F’ s Install and authorize CAD Overlay on the source computer. ¢ Install CAD Overlay on the target computer.  On the target computer, from the Start menu (Windows), choose Programs ➤ CAD Overlay 2000i ➤ CAD Overlay Portable License Utility. T Choose the Import tab. Q Make a note of the machine identification code (MIC) displayed on the Import tab. You need this code for a later step. – Return to the source computer. From the Start menu (Windows), choose Programs ➤ CAD Overlay 2000i ➤ CAD Overlay Portable License Utility. • On the Pool tab, choose Add. G In the Machine Name box, enter a name for the target computer. n In the Machine Identification Code box, enter the code that you obtained from the target machine in step 5, and then choose OK.

Exporting a License After adding the target computer to the pool, you can export the active license from the original computer to a target computer. When you export the license, the Portable License Utility creates a license file in the location

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that you specify. For security reasons, you must specify the target location for the license when you export it. Before you export a license, make sure that the target computer is available. The license can be imported only on the target computer that you specify in the Portable License Utility.

NOTE Once you have exported the license from the source computer, you cannot run CAD Overlay on that computer. To use CAD Overlay on that computer again, you must first complete the license transfer process by importing the license onto the target computer. You must then export the license from the target computer and import it to the first computer. p˜F¨zp›˜›^F˜"4›a¦F˜da4Fm’F s On the computer with the active license, from the Start menu (Windows), choose Programs ➤ CAD Overlay 2000i ➤ CAD Overlay Portable License Utility. ¢ On the Export tab, double-click the license you want to export.  Under the license, double-click Pool to display the other computers in the pool. T From the list of computers, select a target computer. Once you have exported a license from the source computer to the target computer, you can import that license only on the target computer. You cannot replace the license on the source computer. If the license transfer information is lost in the process of transferring, you can return to the source computer and export the license again, but only to the original target computer. Q Choose Export. The Exporting dialog box displays information about the license and the target computer under Export Details. ■ ■ ■

License Name: Displays the name of the license that you’re exporting. Machine Name: Displays the name of the target computer. Machine Identification Code: Displays the machine identification code of the target computer.

– In the Exporting dialog box, verify that the machine name and the machine identification code are correct for the target computer. Choose OK.

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NOTE Choosing OK in this dialog box makes the license unavailable, and you can no longer run CAD Overlay 2000i on the current machine. • In the Export Type Selection dialog box, select the options you want and enter the information as follows: ■

Transfer Code: Transfers the license in the form of a transfer code. Make a note of the code displayed after you choose Transfer, and then enter this code on the target computer. If this is the first time you have transferred a license to this computer, the Transfer Code option is not available. You must use the Transfer File option.

■

Transfer File: Transfers the license using a transfer file. Enter the full path of the transfer file in the box beside this option, or choose Browse to select the file name. You can transfer the file to a diskette or to a shared network directory. The Portable License Utility creates the license.ctl file in the location that you specify. You import this file to the computer on which you want to run CAD Overlay.

■

Transfer Pool Information with File: Transfers pool information in addition to the license. If you select this option, information on all of the computers in the pool is copied to the target computer when you import the license. If you want to transfer the license back to the source computer, you can easily locate the correct computer and obtain its machine identification code.

■

■

Browse button: If you selected the Transfer File option, choose Browse to select the file name. Alternatively, you can enter the file name directly in the box beside the Transfer File option. Transfer button: Transfers the license.

G Choose Transfer. Choosing Transfer finishes creating the license transfer file and closes the Export Type Selection dialog box.

Importing a License Using the Import tab, you can receive a license that has been exported from another computer if the current computer was specified as the target computer during the export.

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p˜ahzp›˜"˜da4Fm’F s On the computer you want to license, from the Start menu (Windows), choose Programs ➤ CAD Overlay 2000i ➤ CAD Overlay Portable License Utility. ¢ Choose the Import tab. The machine identification code that is displayed near the top of the Import tab is the identifying code for the host computer. This is the code you entered when adding this computer to the pool.  Under Transfer Details, select one of the following options, and then enter the required information. Select the same transfer option you used when you exported the license: ■

■

Transfer Code: Select this option if the license received from the exporting computer is in the form of a transfer code. In the box, enter the transfer code that was generated when you exported the license. Read Transfer File: Select this option if the license from the exporting computer is in the form of a transfer file. Enter the full path of the exported file in the box beside this option, or use the Browse button to find the file.

NOTE If you have misplaced the transfer code or the transfer file, return to the computer that last had the active license. Run the Portable License Utility, and then choose Export again. You must export the license to the same computer that you originally selected. T Choose Import to complete the process. The license is imported to the target computer. You can now run CAD Overlay on this computer. If you want to return the license to the original computer, repeat the export and import process. The original computer now becomes the target computer.

Modifying the Pool of Computers You can use the Pool tab to edit the information for computers in the pool, and you can remove computers from the pool. p˜F=a›˜4phz¤›F˜amOph"›apm s From the Start menu (Windows), choose Programs ➤ CAD Overlay 2 ➤ CAD Overlay Portable License Utility. ¢ Choose the Pool tab.

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The pool tree, located at the top of the Pool tab, displays a list of licenses available in the pool. You can expand the pool tree to display more information on any license listed.  From the pool tree, select the computer you want to edit. The Pool Information box, located at the bottom of the Pool tab, displays information about the item currently selected in the pool tree. T Choose Edit to change the machine name or the machine identification code of the currently selected computer. Q Modify the machine information as necessary, and then choose Exit. p˜Fhp¦F˜"˜4phz¤›F˜Oph˜›^F˜zppd s From the Start menu (Windows), choose Programs ➤ CAD Overlay 2000i ➤ CAD Overlay Portable License Utility. ¢ Choose the Pool tab.  In the list of computers, select the computer you want to remove from the pool. T Choose Remove.

Specifying Portable License Utility Options You can control the automatic display of Help files as well as specify the language you want to use in the Portable License Utility. You can also view version information. p˜’zF4aO©˜pz›apm’˜Op˜›^F˜p›"*dF˜a4Fm’F˜›ada›© s From the Start menu (Windows), choose Programs ➤ CAD Overlay 2000i ➤ CAD Overlay Portable License Utility. ¢ Choose the Options tab.  Select or clear the following options: ■

■

■

Disable Help Screen at Start-up: When cleared, displays the Help screen automatically when you start the Portable License Utility. You can view Help when the Portable License Utility is running by choosing the Help button even when this option is selected. Language: Specifies a language from the Language list for the Portable License Utility and the Help page. You must restart the Portable License Utility for this setting to take effect. Version: Provides information about the current copy of the Portable License Utility.

T Choose OK.

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Chapter 9

Licensing CAD Overlay

Licensing CAD Overlay on a Network Rather than purchasing a single-user license for every CAD Overlay user or workstation, you can purchase a network license for a maximum number of concurrent users, and purchase additional licenses from your dealer as needed. You can also upgrade from a single-license package to a networklicense package. CAD Overlay is not site-licensed. When a user starts CAD Overlay, CAD Overlay sends a message to the AdLM through the network protocol, and requests a license. If the number of available licenses has not been exceeded, the AdLM assigns a license to the user. The CAD Overlay session then starts on the workstation, and the number of available licenses is reduced by one. When a user quits CAD Overlay, the AdLM frees a license for another user. Multiple sessions on an individual workstation use only one license. When the last session is closed, the license is available. CAD Overlay uses either the TCP/IP or IPX protocol to communicate with the AdLM. Currently, it’s not possible to configure CAD Overlay to use both protocols. The protocol used depends on your network environment. The Network Setup wizard tells CAD Overlay and the AdLM which protocol is running in your network environment. Each version of CAD Overlay uses a different feature code. The following table lists CAD OVerlay feature codes. CAD Overlay feature codes ˜¦Fd"©˜FdF"’F

F"›¤F˜p=F

CAD Overlay version 14.01

144

CAD Overlay 2000

155

CAD Overlay 2000i

165

For more information on floating licenses, refer to the AutoCAD 2000i Installation Guide included with your AutoCAD desktop.

NOTE In instances where the feature code is mentioned, substitue the value s–Q for the value listed in the AutoCAD 2000i Installation Guide or your AutoCADbased desktop application.

Licensing CAD Overlay on a Network

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Chapter 9

Licensing CAD Overlay

Supported Image Formats

A

You can use many common binary, grayscale, and color

In this appendix

image formats with CAD Overlay. CAD Overlay

■ Supported image formats

supports all the image formats that AutoCAD 2000i supports.

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Supported Image Formats If you open a drawing containing an image format that is not supported, CAD Overlay does not load the image. If you attempt to insert an image that uses an unsupported format, then you are warned that the format is not supported. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

■

1-bit images are two color (binary/bitonal). 4-bit images are grayscale or color (16-color). 8-bit images are grayscale or color (256-color). 24-bit and 32-bit images are both true color. CAD Overlay can save images as 1 bit, 8 bit, or 24 bit. CAD Overlay can read more image formats than it can write. All readable formats are listed in the “Read” column of the following table. All writable formats are listed in the “Write” column. For instance, CAD Overlay can read wavelet compressed images such as SID and ECW files. However it cannot write files to those formats. If you insert a read-only image into your drawing and you want to edit it, then you can use the Image ➤ Save As command to save the image to a read-write format before or after you edit it.

CAD Overlay can read and write world files for any image type. World files contain correlation information for images, such as scale, rotation, and insertion point. Supported image formats ph"›

adF˜F¨›Fm’apm

F’4az›apm

F"=˜|*a›’˜ zF˜za¨Fd}

a›F˜|*a›’˜ zF˜za¨Fd}

BMP

BMP, RLE, DIB

Windows Bitmap

1, 4, 8, 24

1, 8, 24

CALS

CAL, GP4, RST, MIL, CG4

Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support

1

1

FLIC

FLC, FLI

Animator FLIC

8

8

GeoSPOT

BIL

SPOT Image Corporation’s raster format with georeferencing format

8, 24

read-only

GIF

GIF

Compuserve® Graphics Exchange Format

8

read-only

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Appendix A

Supported Image Formats

Supported image formats (continued) ph"›

adF˜F¨›Fm’apm

F’4az›apm

F"=˜|*a›’˜ zF˜za¨Fd}

a›F˜|*a›’˜ zF˜za¨Fd}

IG4

IG4

Image Systems Group 4

1

read-only

IGS

IGS

Image Systems Grayscale

8

read-only

JFIF- JPEG

JPG

Joint Photographics Expert Group, best suited for 24-bit images

8, 24

24

PCX

PCX

A simple run length encoded format

1, 4, 8, 24

1, 8

PICT

PCT

Apple® Computer format

1, 8, 24

read-only

PNG

PNG

Portable Network Graphics

1, 8, 24

1, 8, 24

RLC1

RLC

Plain RLC with no header

1

read-only

RLC2

RLC

RLC1 with IST headers

1

1

TARGA

TGA

Usually 24-bit true color; can be 8-bit grayscale or simple run length encoded

8, 24

8, 24

TIFF

TIF

Tagged Image File Format

1, 4, 8, 24

1, 8, 24

MrSID

SID

Multiresolution Seamless Image Database

1, 4, 8, 24

read-only

ECW

ECW

Enhanced Compressed Wavelet

1, 4, 8, 24

read-only

NOTE CAD Overlay reads GeoTIFF even though GeoTIFF does not appear as a separate format in the Image Insert dialog box. GeoTIFF is now considered a source of correlation for TIFF files.

For more information, use the CAD Overlay online Help.

to locate “Supported Image Formats” in

Supported Image Formats

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135

136

CAD Overlay Command Summary

B

You can enter CAD Overlay commands from the Image

In this appendix

menu or from the command line.

■ Image menu options ■ Command names

The table in this appendix lists the menu options and their corresponding command line names according to their groupings on the Image menu. For a full description of the Image menu and related online Help topics, see “Accessing the CAD Overlay Commands” on page 21.

137

Command Summary The following table shows each Image menu option and its corresponding command line name. Image menu

Command line access

F§

INEW

m’F›

IINSERT

"¦F

ISAVE

"¦F˜’

ISAVEAS

¨zp› Image

IEXPORT

World File

IWORLDOUT

pFd"›F Match

IMATCH

Displace

IDISPLACE

Scale

ISCALE

Rubbersheet

IRSHEET

"m"VF

IMANAGE

dF"m¤z

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|

Deskew

IDESKEW

Despeckle

IDESPECKLE

Bias

IBIAS

Invert

IINVERT

Mirror

IMIRROR

Appendix B

CAD Overlay Command Summary

Image menu

Command line access (continued)

h"VF˜p4F’’amV Histogram

IHISTOGRAM

Convolve

ICONVOLVE

Bitonal Filters

IBFILTER

Change Density

IDENSITY

Change Color Depth

IDEPTH

"’›F˜m›a›©˜ "maz¤d"›apm˜|} REM ‰ Create Region Polygonal

ISPOLYREG

Rectangular

ISRECTREG

Diagonal

ISDIAGREG

Circular

ISCIRCREG

From Existing Vector

IREGFROMVEC

 ➤ F"›F˜m^"m4F=˜ a›pm"d˜FVapm Smart Window

ISEBRSMART / Window

Smart Crossing

ISEBRSMART / Crossing

Smart Wpolygon

ISEBRSMART / WPolygon

Smart Cpolygon

ISEBRSMART / CPolygon

Smart Fence

ISEBRSMART / Fence

Connected Entity

ISEBRCON / Entity

Connected Window

ISEBRCON / Window

Connected Crossing

ISEBRCON / Crossing

Connected Wpolygon

ISEBRCON / WPolygon

Command Summary

|

139

Image menu

Command line access (continued)

 ➤ F"›F˜m^"m4F=˜ a›pm"d˜FVapm˜|4pm›Œ=} Connected Cpolygon

ISEBRCON / CPolygon

Connected Fence

ISEBRCON / Fence

 ➤ F"›F˜aha›a¦F Smart Pick

ISSMART

Line

ISLINE

Circle

ISCIRCLE

Arc

ISARC

ph˜¨a’›amV˜F4›p˜

IPRIMFROMVEC

dF"˜FdF4›F=

ICLEAR

Clear All

ICLEARALL

Select All

ISELECTALL

Refine Mode

IREFINEMODE

Remove Data from Region

IREMOVE

Merge To Raster Image

IMERGETOIMG

Convert To Raster Image ICONVTOIMG Transparency

ITRANSPARENT

Smooth

ISMOOTH

Copy to Clipboard

ICOPYSS

Knife

IKNIFE

"’c

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Create

IMASK

Convert to Image Clip

IMASKCONVERT

Appendix B

CAD Overlay Command Summary

Image menu

Command line access (continued)

"’c˜|4pm›Œ=} Redefine

IMASKEDIT

pz Line

ICROPLINE

Circular Region

ICROPCIRC

Rectangular Region

ICROPRECT

Aligned Rectangular Region

ICROPALIGN

Diagonal Region

ICROPDIAG

Polygonal Region

ICROPPOLY

Fhp¦F Line

IRUBLINE

Circle

IRUBDONUT

Arc

IRUBARC

Polyline

IRUBPLINE

Circular Region

IRUBCIRC

Rectangular Region

IRUBRECT

Diagonal Region

IRUBDIAG

Polygonal Region

IRUBPOLY

Remove Under Vector

IRMVEXISTING

Smart Pick

IDELSMART

Line Entity

IDELLINE

Circle Entity

IDELCIRCLE

Arc Entity

IDELARC

Command Summary

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141

Image menu

Command line access (continued)

FVF Merge Images

IIMERGE

Merge Vector

IVMERGE

Raster Pens

RPENS

F4›pa«"›apm˜ppd’˜ |ppd’}

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Line

VLINE

Pline

VPOLY

Rectangle

VRECT

Circle

VCIRCLE

Arc

VARC

Text

VTEXT

Multiline Text

VMTEXT

Polyline Follower

VFPOLY

Contour Follower

VFCONTOUR

3D Polyline Follower

VF3DPOLY

m"z

ISNAP

pVVdF˜ "hF’

IFRAME

pVVdF˜¤a4c˜"

IQBAR

z›apm’

IOPTIONS

 ¦Fd"©˜phF˜"VF˜

http://www.autodesk.com/overlayuser

Fdz˜

IHELP

*p¤›˜ ¦Fd"©˜˜

IABOUT

Appendix B

CAD Overlay Command Summary

Glossary

access

To open or start, as a command.

access key

The key that corresponds to an underlined letter on a menu, command, or dialog box.

active

Open and operating window, program, document, file, device, or portion of the screen.

Always Detach

An option in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box. If you erase the image frames, this option automatically detaches the images.

arc, raster

Curved line or object. Commonly created by three points. Example: You can remove a raster arc by selecting the start, center, and endpoints of the raster arc.

Ask Before Detach

An option in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box that prompts you to detach an image if no frames in the drawing reference that image.

AutoInsert

A CAD Overlay option for automatically inserting images into a drawing created with ESP or GSX, which are earlier versions of CAD Overlay.

AutoReplace

A CAD Overlay option that changes the image path of a previously inserted image to match the drawing path.

AutoRub

A CAD Overlay option that removes raster entities as you trace them with the VTools commands. This option uses the Rub/Crop line width to determine the width of the raster that is removed.

143

base point

A point used for relative distance and angle when moving, copying, or rotating objects. Example: Select the base point on the image that you want to move to the destination point.

bias

The ratio of image width to image height. You can change the bias of an image by using the AutoCAD STRETCH command. Also called aspect ratio.

binary image

A two color, 1-bit image, usually a line drawing. Example: A floorplan or a parcel map. The objects in a binary raster image are called raster entities. The background color of a binary image can be transparent or solid. The foreground color can be any color. Also called bitonal.

bitmap

A raster file format for images.

bitonal image

See binary image.

blurring

A method for evenly weighing all pixels in the kernel including the target. This filter, while similar to Low Pass #2, gives slightly brighter results.

bounding outline

The visible element (usually a dotted rectangle) that is displayed when you select a range of items. Also called bounding box.

brightness

Approaching maximum luminance. A higher brightness value makes all the pixels in an image lighter.

CAD Overlay GSX and CAD Overlay ESP

Previous releases of CAD Overlay.

channel

The way color conversion data is communicated or transmitted.

clipped image

Boundary by which you can shorten an image. Example: When you clip an image, the regions of the image that are outside the clip boundary are hidden from view. You can turn off the clip or you can delete the clip to redisplay all of the image. A clip is a display-only feature that you can use for viewing and plotting purposes. It does not permanently change image data.

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Glossary

color channel

Each color in an image has its own channel. Example: An RGB image has red, green, and blue color channels. Color channels can be adjusted together or separately to bring out individual colors in an image. See also channel.

color depth

Every pixel in an image has information associated with it to define its color. The amount of information stored with each pixel is called color depth. The more information that is stored with each pixel, the greater the number of colors that can be represented. The information is represented as follows: pdp˜Fz›^

©zF˜pO˜ h"VF

¦"ad"*dF˜pdp|’}

1-Bit

Black and White

1 color

8-Bit

Grayscale

256 shades of gray

4-Bit

Color

16 colors

8-Bit

Color

256 colors

16-Bit

Color

65,366 colors

24-Bit

Color

16,777,216 million colors

Color to GS

A tab on the CAD Overlay Histogram dialog box that converts a color image to an 8-bit grayscale image.

configure

To set up preferences and other settings that determine how a program operates. Example: You can set configuration values in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box. These settings become the default values.

continuous tone

A shaded image, sometimes called half-tone in traditional publishing.

contrast

The degree of darkness in areas in an image. Example: You can increase the contrast in a grayscale image to the point where the image becomes black and white. Decreasing the contrast results in an image of mostly midlevel grays.

Glossary

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145

convert

Changing from one form to another. Example: Converting an image to binary can help isolate features in an image, such as the contour lines in a grayscale scan of a USGS map. After the grayscale image is converted to a binary image, you can use the VTools commands to convert the raster entities to vector objects.

convolve

To roll, coil, or twist together. Example: You can take advantage of the CAD Overlay Convolve filters to smooth or sharpen the details of a grayscale image.

Convolve filter

Convolve filters can smooth or sharpen the edges of grayscale images only.

correlate

The process of positioning an image within the AutoCAD coordinate system so that the image’s dimensions and coordinates match AutoCAD units and coordinates.

crop

A crop deletes pixel data outside a selected area of a raster image. The image frame size is adjusted automatically. A crop permanently alters an image.

current

A drive, directory, folder, or other element that is active. Example: Windows Explorer indicates which folder is current.

data organization

The method of organizing the image data when the image is saved. The data organization can be stripped, tiled, or monolithic (see also stripped, tiled, and monolithic).

datum

A reference point, line, or surface.

decrement

To decrease by one.

density

The number of dots per unit at which an image is scanned or created. The more dots per unit, the higher the density. Also called resolution. Example: If you scan an image at 300 dpi, the image density is 300 dots per inch.

density units

The units on which the image density is based. Example: Inches are the density units of an image that was scanned at 300 dots per inch.

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Glossary

density value

The number of dots per unit that make up the image density. Example: An image scanned at 300 dots per inch has a density value of 300.

depth

The amount of information stored with each pixel. The more information stored with each pixel, the greater the number of colors that can be represented. See also color depth.

deskew

Rotating a raster image Example: Use the Deskew filter when you want to rotate a raster image in reference to raster or vector objects without scaling it.

destination point

The location to which you move an image. To move an image, you must pick a source point and a destination point.

detach an image

To remove all references to an image from a drawing.

disable

To turn off a feature so that it does not affect the drawing.

displace

To move an image from a source point to a destination point.

display

The visual output device and its technology, such as a CRT-based display, a flat-panel display, or the graphics portion of your monitor.

Display Capture

A CAD Overlay setting that maintains the display scale and rotation of entities in a REM selection set. Used only for the REM Copy to Clipboard command.

display order

The order in which images are displayed in AutoCAD. The sequence affects which images are under or over other images. You can change the display order so that an image is on top of all other images in your drawing.

distortion correction

A method for correcting distortions in images, such as distortions related to parallax, unevenness of terrain, or lens distortion. See also rubbersheeting. Example: There may be times when you cannot align images using manual correlation because of distortions in the image.

Glossary

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147

dithering

The process of using a pattern of solid dots to simulate more colors than are actually available.

Do Not Affect

A CAD Overlay option on the Image Mask Properties tab, which retains the images that are outside the mask boundary.

donut

A circle with a linewidth.

DPI

Dots per inch of an image. Also called resolution or density. Example: When you scan an image, you specify the dpi, or resolution, at which you want to scan the image.

Draft

An option in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box that does not dither the pixels. This setting is recommended for binary images.

drawing

A vector image in AutoCAD drawing format, saved with the filename extension DWG.

drawing image

CAD Overlay raster image correlated in an AutoCAD drawing.

drawing unit

The unit on which an AutoCAD drawing is based. Example: A common Imperial drawing unit is inches. A common Metric drawing unit is meters.

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edge enhancement filters

Filters that improve the quality of an image by extracting individual elements, for example, boundaries and property lines. You can also use these filters for object extraction or object recognition by higher-level algorithms.

Edit Warnings

An option in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box that prevents CAD Overlay from displaying warnings while you are editing an image.

enable

To make a feature active.

Enable Mask

A CAD Overlay option on the Image Mask Properties tab, that enables an existing mask for display. Enabling allows you to view the image clip as defined by the image mask.

encoding

Compression method that is applied to an image when the image is saved. An encoding method can save disk space.

Glossary

equalization

A function to bring out details in an image. Equalization changes the darkest pixels in an image to black and the lightest pixels to white and then reassigns the remaining pixels to the colors in between. Also called nonlinear contrast stretch.

Export

A CAD Overlay command for saving an image to another file format and for writing out correlation files for the image. Correlation files store insertion point, scale, rotation, and density information for the image. When you export an image, you can choose the type of correlation files to create. You can save the correlation information to a resource file, a world file, or to the image file. The type of correlation file you create depends on the image type you are exporting.

extension list

The filename extensions, such as GIF, that CAD Overlay searches for when it searches for an image. CAD Overlay searches for images in the order that they appear in this list.

filter

An editing tool that can be used to adjust the appearance of an image. Also called editing filter. Example: The Invert filter reverses light and dark areas on an image.

follow

To trace a line on a binary raster entity and create vectors that AutoCAD recognizes as individual objects. Also called vectorize.

foreground color

The color of the raster entities in a binary image.

frame

A rectangular vector object that encloses an image. You can select the image frame by clicking it or by using any AutoCAD selection method. The image frame is an AutoCAD object that you can assign to a layer, reposition, or scale using standard AutoCAD methods. A frame can become an irregular shape if the image is cropped or clipped. See also image frame.

freq value

The number of pixels in a histogram image that corresponds to the shade indicated by the placement of your cursor.

Glossary

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149

Gap Width

A setting that defines the maximum gap (from 0 to 10 pixels) that CAD Overlay can ignore as it follows a raster line, polyline, or contour. CAD Overlay ignores any gap that is equal to or smaller than the Gap Width. This setting is useful for scanned images that have many disconnected raster lines or in which pixels are missing as a result of imperfect scans.

georeferenced image

An image that references real-world coordinates in its correlation source. Example: Georeferenced images include GeoSPOT, GeoTIFF, and images that use world files as their correlation source.

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GIS (Geographic Information Systems)

Computerized decision support systems that integrate spatially referenced data. These systems capture, store, retrieve, analyze, and display such data.

global coordinate system

A method to put angular spherical coordinates representing latitude and longitude into AutoCAD Map's Cartesian coordinate system, and account for the curvature of the earth's surface with a projection.

gradient directional edge enhancements filters

Filters that improve the quality of the line where an object begins or ends by extracting individual elements. These filters use the vector sum of the three coordinate variables X, Y, and Z, taking into account their direction in space.

grayscale image

An image usually created by a scanner in which continuous tones are represented as uniform shades of gray. Each pixel uses eight bits of information, producing 256 shades of gray.

grips

Small boxes displayed at various points on a selected object that can be used as “handles” to edit the object. Select a grip and then specify a grip editing function.

height

The physical height of an image in pixels.

Glossary

Example: You can use the gradient directional edge enhancements filters in any one of the eight compass directions. Using these filters results in a black background with white outlines of the objects in the original image.

Hide Image(s)

A CAD Overlay option on the Image Mask Properties tab, used to hide the images that are outside the mask boundary.

High Quality

A setting in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box that is recommended for color and grayscale images. Example: This setting dithers the pixels on screen so the changes between shades and colors appear more gradual.

high pass filters

A means for enhancing the edges of images. Images that do not appear clear may be sharpened by high pass filtering.

high resolution

A high-quality screen display (generally 640 × 480 pixels or better) or print output (300 dots per inch or better).

histogram

A bar graph that shows the number of pixels for each color in the selected image or images. An aid to adjust the brightness and contrast of an image, to maximize details in an image, to convert a grayscale or color image to binary, or to convert a color image to grayscale.

horizontal

Parallel to the horizon or baseline.

hybrid

A drawing comprising both raster and vector data.

image

A graphic that is composed of raster data. See also drawing and drawing image.

image detail

The smallest parts that comprise an image.

image file

The description of a collection of data treated by a computer as a unit for input and output. Example: For certain types of images, correlation data can be saved as part of the image file. These file types include RLC, IG4, IGS, GeoTags in GeoTIFF, or HDR File in SPOT.

image format

The method in which an image was created and saved, such as bitmap, CALS, RLC, or GIF. Some image formats, such as PICT, are read-only.

image frame

A frame that encloses each image you insert (also called boundary). If you select an image frame, grips appear and hatch marks are drawn over the image to indicate that you have selected it. You can select the frame using standard AutoCAD methods (such as specifying points to define a crossing window or clicking the frame).

Glossary

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151

image management

The ability to modify the image display order, modify the image properties, and select the active image.

image memory

A default amount of memory (RAM) set to 8 MB for images. If you increase the default amount, you might degrade the performance of your operating system. It is recommended that you use the default amount.

image selection

The description of a collection of data treated by CAD Overlay as a unit. Example: When you select an image by clicking its frame, the image moves to the top of the display order, obscuring any vectors that intersect with it.

image type

Binary, grayscale, and color images. Example: You can use the histogram with grayscale and color image types.

image unit

The unit at which an image was scanned or created. Example: If you scan an image at 300 dots per inch, the image unit is inches.

index value

In CAD Overlay, the intensity of the shade (0 to 255) represented by the bar in the histogram where you place your pointer.

insert image

To put or fit a drawing or photograph into your CAD Overlay working session.

insertion point

The point in AutoCAD at which text or graphics are inserted. Example: The image insertion point XYZ coordinate corresponds to the lower-left corner of the image frame.

invert

In CAD Overlay, a filter used to reverse position, order, or relationship. Example: If an image was originally scanned as a negative, you can invert the image to create a positive image. You can also use the Invert filter to reverse the dark and light areas of an image that was scanned from a white line blueprint.

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Glossary

invisible

Unable to be seen. Example: When frames are invisible, or an image is on a locked layer, a frozen layer, or a layer that is turned off, you cannot select the image by clicking the frame. However, if the frames are not displayed but the image is on an editable layer, you can select the image using the SHIFT + left-click method.

layer

To form or arrange in layers. Example: When you insert an image, it is inserted onto the current AutoCAD layer. However, you can move the image to another layer. Because AutoCAD controls the visibility and behavior of the layers, you can move an image to another layer to take advantage of the AutoCAD layer properties.

layout

Management of images, including how they are displayed and in what order they are displayed, determined in the Image Management dialog box.

line

A narrow elongated mark, such as a mark on a map recording a boundary, division, or contour. Example: You can remove a raster line by selecting a point on each end of the raster line.

linetype

The display of a line or type of curve, such as continuous or dashed.

low pass filter

A means of extracting individual elements in areas where pixel intensities change rapidly, thereby reducing highfrequency detail. The effect is a slightly blurred image.

Maintain Drawing Link

A CAD Overlay export option, which, if selected, replaces the original image with the image you selected to export.

mask

Used to display and plot of a subset of the images in your drawing. A mask clips the images inside the mask boundary and hides or unloads the images completely outside the mask boundary. You can mask images using a rectangular or polygonal boundary. The mask boundary is an AutoCAD object you can move, stretch, scale, and erase, just as you can any other AutoCAD object.

median filter

A filter that removes random visual noise in an image by changing each pixel value to match the average value of the neighboring pixels.

Glossary

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153

memory

See image memory.

merge commands

CAD Overlay commands you can use to merge images, merge vectors, and select raster pen widths.

merge images

To group two or more images into a single image file.

mirror

To create a new version of an existing object by reflecting it along a line or plane. Example: Scanning software may mirror drawings, or occasionally scan the back of the drawing by mistake. You can correct these problems by mirroring the image. You can mirror any image along the horizontal or the vertical axis.

monolithic

Encoding method for TIFF files. Saves image data in one piece. May result in slower processing time.

native capture

Copies a REM selection set using the image data directly from the image file. Ignores display scale and rotation of entities. Used only for the REM Copy to Clipboard command.

Never Detach

An option in the CAD Overlay Options dialog box that does not detach an image even if all image frames that reference the image are erased from the drawing.

New Image Mask

A CAD Overlay command used to create a mask.

node

In CAD Overlay, a link endpoint that can be represented as a block or point object. Example: You can force the line follower to ignore the intermediate nodes and draw a single straight line between the start and endpoints of a line.

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noise

Random pixels that result from poorly scanned images.

nongeoreferenced image

Image that is not saved with real world coordinates.

nonorthogonal image

A graphic representation that intersects or lies at angles other than right angles. Also called nonortho image.

ortho image

Image that is rotated at 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees.

orthogonal

Intersecting or lying at right angles (0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees).

Glossary

pixels

Single dots on the screen that may be individually assigned different colors or shades of gray. Pixels make up raster images. Example: Image pixel size varies depending on the resolution of the image. For example, a 2 × 2 pixel in a 400 dpi image is four times smaller than a 2 × 2 pixel in a 200 dpi image.

point

A location on a drawing. Also, a defined survey point in the COGO database.

positive image

An image in which the light and shade areas correspond to the original image.

PPI

Pixels per inch. Also called dpi, or dots per inch. Example: When you scan an image, you specify the ppi, or resolution, at which you want to scan the image.

projection

Data devised by cartographers and mathematicians to depict three-dimensional shapes (like the earth) on twodimensional surfaces (like your screen) with minimal distortion.

properties

Attributes or characteristics of an object used to define its state, appearance, or value. Example: A drawing within CAD Overlay has properties that describe its appearance and behavior. These properties are displayed in the Information dialog box.

quad sheet

A device for reducing image file size. Many maps are broken up into quadrants, which are square and are called quad sheets. When a group of quad sheets is inserted into a drawing, it is considered to be tiled.

raster

A pattern of closely spaced rows of dots and pixels that form the image on your computer display.

raster arc

See arc, raster.

raster data

A series of dots, or pixels. This type of data is produced when you scan a paper drawing, a blueprint, or a photograph. A raster image is an image composed of pixels. Raster entities are the lines, arcs, and other objects in a binary raster image.

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155

raster entity manipulation (REM)

A CAD Overlay method by which segments (raster line, circle, and arc) and areas (diagonal, polygonal, rectangular, and circular) of a raster image can be selected and operated on.

raster pen

A CAD Overlay tool that allows thickening of vector entities when you merge them into an image. Thicknesses are assigned according to the specified entity color.

raster snap

A device to snap your cursor to the end, center, corner, intersection, or edge points of a binary raster entity. If you choose more than one snap mode, the crosshairs snap to the closest of the possible snap points. When the crosshairs snap to a point you want to select, choose the point.

reference point

A source of information determined by an ordered set of coordinates.

REM commands

Raster entity manipulation commands. A group of commands for editing raster images. To use the REM commands, you first create a selection set. Then you select an editing command. You can select an area of a color, grayscale, or binary raster image, or you can select lines, arcs, and circles of a binary raster image. Then you can move, copy, or delete the selection set, or you can copy the selection set to the clipboard.

resolution

The number of dots per unit at which an image is scanned or created. The more dots per unit, the higher the resolution. Also called density. Example: If you scan an image at 300 dpi, the image resolution is 300 dots per inch.

resource file

A file used by CAD Overlay to store image data such as insertion point, scale, and rotation. Can be used as a source of correlation information for an image when the image is inserted into a drawing. The Export command can write out a resource file for an image.

respect

A CAD Overlay term for maintaining a particular condition. Example: Under the Vector Merge Default tab, you would select Respect Display Order if you wanted CAD Overlay to keep your current display order.

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Glossary

reverse

See Invert.

RGB

Red-green-blue.

rotation angle

The angle at which an image is revolved about its axis.

RTF

Rich text format.

rub

To remove a line or area from an image with the CAD Overlay Rub command. A rub changes the pixels in a selected area to the transparency color. When transparency is turned on for the image, the rubbed area becomes transparent. Rub permanently alters your image.

rubbersheet

The process of matching points in an image to known reference points in a coordinate system by warping the image using a polynomial transformation.

scaling

In CAD Overlay, a method for scaling a raster image in reference to existing raster or vector entities without rotating it.

scanner

A device that converts blueprints, photographs, and line drawings to raster data.

shading

The use of marking made within outlines to suggest threedimensionality, shadow, or degrees of light and dark in a picture or drawing. Example: You can use the sharpening filters on grayscale images to make differences in shading more distinct. This can increase the sharpness of an image and enhance edges in the image. You may need to use sharpening filters to extract the highest amount of useful data from a lowresolution scan.

shadow

The darkest part of an image.

sharpening filters

Sharpening filters enhance details in an image. All of these filters with the exception of the matched filters operate with a 3 × 3 pixel kernel.

Show Image Frame(s)

A CAD Overlay option on the Image Mask Properties tab. Shows the frames of the images that are hidden or unloaded.

smoothing filters

A device for removing details or unwanted noise in images. Smoothing filters use spatial filtering with a 3 × 3 pixel kernel.

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157

source point

The location from which you move an image. To move an image, you must pick a source point and a destination point.

speckles

Spots of color or stray pixels in an image that result from scanning errors.

stripped

Encoding method for TIFF files. Breaks up image data into strips for quicker processing.

switch

To move from one window or viewport to another. Also, characters you can enter on the command line to specify settings for a command or program.

Threshold

A CAD Overlay command to convert images. Example: When you use the Threshold command on a color image, CAD Overlay first converts the image to grayscale, and then uses the grayscale value to create the binary image. The grayscale value is obtained by adding the values of the red, green, and blue channels in an image and dividing the value by three. If you want more control over which grayscale value CAD Overlay uses to create the grayscale, you can convert the color image to grayscale first, and then use the Threshold command on the grayscale image.

threshold function

The threshold function converts grayscale or color images to high-contrast black-and-white (binary) images.

thumbnail

A miniature representation of an image that can greatly increase the speed at which you can preview the image in the CAD Overlay Insert Image dialog box, the Histogram dialog box, and the AutoCAD Image Adjust dialog box. A thumbnail is saved in the image file. A thumbnail can be created for only those image formats that allow a preview to be embedded in the image file.

tiled

Encoding method for TIFF files. Breaks the image data into rectangular, tiled regions for quicker processing.

toggle

To switch between two options, usually by pressing a single button. Example: The CAD Overlay Toggle command changes the visibility of the image frame.

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transparency color

One selected color in an image. In binary images, the transparency color is always the background color. In color images, you can choose the transparency color. For a selected image, you can make all pixels of a specified color transparent. Also, any time you use a Rub command, the rubbed area is displayed in the transparency color.

Unload Images

A CAD Overlay option on the Image Mask Properties tab. Unloads from memory the images that are outside the mask boundary.

vector

A mathematical object with precise direction and length, but without specific location. Vector data is stored as X,Y,Z coordinates that form points, lines, areas, and volumes. It is used to store discrete, well-defined data that can be delimited. Compare with raster. Example: In CAD Overlay, the image frames are vector entities, which means that you can move the image to another layer.

vectorization tools

CAD Overlay commands used to manually convert a binary raster arc, circle, line, or rectangle to its equivalent vector object. Also called VTools.

vectorize

Converting a binary raster image to vector data. You can use the CAD Overlay VTools commands to vectorize a raster image.

VTools Remove Setting

A setting that controls what happens to the underlying raster entity when a VTools command is used to vectorize the raster entity. Depending on the setting you choose, the raster entity can be rubbed or REM deleted.

world file

A file that stores correlation information about an image, such as scale, rotation, and insertion point. Example: When you export an image using the Export command, you can create a world file for the image that you can use to correlate the image in another drawing or software program. The world file is an ASCII file you can view using Notepad. Mapping programs require world files.

Write Correlation

A CAD Overlay export option. Writes a correlation file and chooses the correlation file type to create from the correlation output type list.

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159

X, Y, and Z coordinates

Any of a set of numbers used to specify the location of a point on a line, on a surface, or in space. Example: Enter the X, Y, and Z AutoCAD coordinates to define the lower-left corner of the new image.

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Glossary

Index

A active image, 46 authorization codes definition, 119 Authorization wizard Begin page, 120 authorizing CAD Overlay, 120–121 AutoCAD editing commands, 27 FILEDIA variable, 41 imaging commands, 27, 29 multiple installations, 112 running with CAD Overlay, 19 Autodesk License Manager (AdLM) protocols for communicating with, 131 AutoRub, 66

B backing up the c_dilla folder, 123 Begin page (Authorization wizard), 120 binary images choosing foreground color, 49 definition, 7 despeckling, 64 making transparent, 49, 51 snapping to, 88 transparency color, 50 vectorizing with VTools, 92 binary raster data, definition, 9 bitonal images See binary images boundary See frame

C CAD Overlay authorizing, 120 –121 definition, 4 icons, 114 Image menu commands, 138 installing See installation locked, 108

CAD Overlay (continued) menu commands, 21 menus, 115 new features, 4 news group, 16 preference settings, 20 reauthorizing , 124 registering software, 120 reinstalling and license authorization, 123 restoring on lab computers, 123 starting the program, 19 system requirements, 18 toolbar commands, 26 uninstalling and license authorization, 123 unlocked, 108 using command line, 26 Web home page, 16 working with, 19 CAD Overlay Portable License Utility, 121, 124–130 disabling help screens at start-up, 130 displaying version information, 130 Export tab, 125 Import tab, 128 Options tab, 130 specifying a language for, 130 CD-ROM international, 108 United States and Canada, 108 client deployment, installation, 107, 113 color foreground of binary images, 49 REM selection, 21 rub and crop, 66 transparency, 51 color images adjusting appearance with histogram, 59 making a color transparent, 49 , 51 removing raster data by rubbing, 67

161

commands AutoCAD imaging commands, 27, 29 CAD Overlay commands, 137 CAD Overlay toolbar, 26 command line, 26 , 138 Image menu, 22 communication protocols for networks, 131 computer pool adding a computer, 126 computer pools (for sharing licenses), 124 adding computers to, 126 transferring pool information with licenses, 128 computers avoiding license errors when updating/installing, 122 components used in identifying license rights, 121 restoring CAD Overlay on lab computers, 123 configuration of CAD Overlay, 20 converting color and grayscale to binary, 60 color to grayscale, 60 image to a different format, 41, 42 raster to vector, 92 coordinate system, Insertion Page, 40 correlating images, 42, 56 rubbersheeting , 56 Correlation dialog box, using, 37 correlation files, 56 creating, 42 inserting images, 28 sources, 38 values, 39 Correlation Wizard , 37 crop definition, 66 transparency color, 66 custom installation, 112 customizing AutoCAD profile, 115 menus, 115

D deskew, 63 despeckle, 64 despeckling images, 62 directory installation, 112 DVIEW command , 30

E editing images AutoCAD commands, 27

162

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Index

editing images (continued) filters, 62 histogram, 59 , 60 REM, 72 rubbing and cropping, 66 editing REM objects, 84 elastic transformation, rubbersheeting, 56 email, authorizing CAD Overlay via , 120 enhanced bitonal region object, REM , 73 , 76 connected entity selection, 80 fence selection, 79 polygon selection, 78 selection options, 77 smart selection, 81 window selection, 77 Export tab (Portable License Utility), 125 Export Type Selection dialog box , 128 Exporting dialog box, 127 Exporting dialog box (licenses), 127 exporting images, 42 exporting licenses, 126–128

F fax, authorizing CAD Overlay by, 120 fax, authorizing CAD Overlay via , 120 file systems, 111 FILEDIA variable, 41 files correlation, 42, 56 program, 112 transfer files, 125 filters for editing , 62 floating licensing, 118, 120 folders (directories) license folder (c_dilla folder), 122, 123 formats, supported, 134 frame assigning color and layer, 8 selecting, 65

G GeoTIFF, 135 grayscale images adjusting appearance with histogram, 59 making a color transparent, 49, 51 removing raster data by rubbing, 67 smoothing or sharpening, 65 grayscale, definition, 7

H Help

accessing online Help, 12 accessing tutorials, 15 printing entire file, 14 histogram, 60 filter, 59

I icons, CAD Overlay, 114 IMAGE command, AutoCAD , 28 Image menu commands, 138 images attaching, 28 brightness and contrast, 60 changing properties, 48 converting, 41, 42, 60, 92 correlating, 42, 56 Correlation Wizard , 37 creating new, 34 display order, 46 displaying data about, 46 editing filter, 59 editing with histogram, 60 editing with Rub and Crop commands, 66 enhancing, 60 , 62 exporting, 42 inserting , 28 , 35 , 38 inserting from Internet, 36 managing, 28, 29 , 46 masking , 52 merging, 68 merging with REM objects, 86 moving, 56 Quick Insert, 37 removing raster areas, 66 rubbersheeting , 56 saving, 31, 41 selecting, 65 selecting active image, 46 supported formats, 134 vectorizing with VTools, 92 zooming to, 46 imaging commands, AutoCAD , 27 Import tab (Portable License Utility), 128 importing licenses, 128 –129 importing licenses (individual), 128 initializing CAD Overlay, 19 inserting images, 28, 35 Correlation dialog box, 37 correlation files, 28 correlation sources, 38 Correlation Wizard , 37 from Internet, 36 Quick Insert, 37 Show Frames Only option, 37 Insertion Page, 40 installation, 104 client deployment, 107 configuration requirements, 111 directories, 112 network, 105, 113 network deployment, 106 program files, 112 recommendations, 111

installation (continued) sharing network data, 110 single-user, 104 system requirements, 109 installing computers, avoiding license errors, 122 Internet, authorizing CAD Overlay via, 120 Internet, inserting images from, 36 inverting images, 62

L lab computers, restoring CAD Overlay on, 123 license errors, 122 , 124 avoiding, 122, 122 –124 installing computers, 122 restoring CAD Overlay on lab computers, 123 system clock, 122 updating computers, 122 reauthorization requirements, 124 running CAD Overlay after receiving, 124 license folder (c_dilla folder), 122 backing up, 123 license manager, definition, 119 license server registering, 120 license status (individual), 125 license transfers, 124 licenses assignment of, 131 computer components used in identifying rights, 121 exporting, 126–128 importing, 128 –129 transferring, 124, 126–129 validity, 121 viewing status, 125 licenses (individual), 124 c_dilla folder, 121 errors, 124 exporting, 126 Exporting dialog box, 127 importing, 128 license folder, 122 machine codes, 125 motherboard BIOS, 121 Pool Information box, 130 reinstalling CAD Overlay and, 123 system clock, 122 Transfer Code option, 128, 129 transfer codes, 125 Transfer File option, 128, 129 transfer files, 125 Transfer Pool Information with File option, 128 transferring, 126 uninstalling CAD Overlay and, 123

Index

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163

licenses (individual) (continued) updating computer components and, 122 licensing flexible, 118 floating, 119 from a license server, 118 from a local computer, 118 single-user, 118 terminology, 119 licensing CAD Overlay on networks, 131 loading CAD Overlay menus, 115 locking image files on a network, 110

M Machine Identification Code box, 128 mail (post), authorizing CAD Overlay via, 120 mail, authorizing CAD Overlay by, 120 maintaining link to image, 43 managing images See images mask, creating, 52 matching images, 56 menus, accessing commands, 21, 115 Image menu, 22 loading, 115 merging images, 68 merging REM objects with images, 86 merging vector, 87 mirroring images, 62 mouse button function CAD Overlay, 21 moving images, 56

option settings in CAD Overlay, 20 option settings in CADOverlay image masks, 21 memory, 21 new images, 21 REM objects, 21 vector merge, 21 Options tab (Portable License Utility), 130

P pixels changing values, 60 definition, 7 making transparent, 51 removing, 66 plastic transformation, rubbersheeting, 56 Pool Information box, 130 Portable License Utility, 124 computer pool, 126 Export tab, 125 Import tab, 128 language, 130 post (mail), authorizing CAD Overlay via, 120 post, authorizing CAD Overlay by, 120 preferences settings in CAD Overlay, 20 primitive objects, REM , 82 program files, where to install, 112

Q Quick Insert, 37

N

R

network file locking, 110 installing programs on, 118 requirements, 110 sharing data, 110, 118 terminology, 119 network administrator, 105, 106 login in Windows NT, 111 network communication protocols, 131 network installation, 105 , 107, 113 network deployment, 106, 114 network protocols, 131 networks communication protocols, 131 licensing CAD Overlay on, 131 nonortho images, 49

raster data, 9 definition, 7 editing, 59, 66 entities, 9 file locking, 110 pens, 87 snapping to, 88 raster entity manipulation See REM raster images, 9 editing with REM objects, 84 from REM objects, 86 raster snap modes, 88 read-only formats, 41 reauthorizing CAD Overlay, 124 reference material, 14 REGEN, 30 region objects, REM, 73, 75 registering software, 120 reinstalling CAD Overlay and license authorization, 123 REM (raster entity manipulation), 72

O Object Snaps, 30 online Help accessing, 12 printing entire file, 14 tutorials, 15

164

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Index

REM objects, 72 AutoCAD editing commands, 84 converting to raster image, 86 editing raster images, 84 enhanced bitonal region, 73, 76 , 77 merging with images, 86 primitive, 74, 82 region, 73, 74 resource files, CAD Overlay, 42, 56 restoring CAD Overlay on lab computers, 123 rotating images, 56 rub definition, 66 transparency color, 66 rubbersheeting , 56

S saving images, 41 scaling images, 56 selecting images, 65 Shift + Left-click Image Select, 65 shortcut menu, editing REM objects, 84 Show Frames Only option, 37 shrinking images, rubbersheeting, 56 single-user installation, 104 single-user licensing, 118, 120 snap modes object, 30 raster, 88 speckles removing, 64 starting CAD Overlay, 19 stretching images, rubbersheeting, 56 swap file, 111 system clock, 122 and license errors, 122 system requirements, CAD Overlay, 18, 109 network, 110

T target computer, 126 technical support, 16 terminology, network, 119 toolbars CAD Overlay, 26

transfer codes, 125 transferring licenses with, 128, 129 transfer files, 125 transferring licenses with, 128, 129 transferring pool information with, 128 transfer files (license), 125 transferring licenses, 124, 126 –129 transparency color, 51 binary images, 50 tutorials, accessing, 15

U UCS, rotating, 30 UNDO command, 30 limits, 29 uninstalling CAD Overlay and license authorization, 123 unique directory definition, 119

V vector definition, 8 merging, 87 vectorizing definition, 9 with VTools, 92 virtual memory, 111 VTools rub setting, 21 using to vectorize raster entities, 92

W Web home page, CAD Overlay, 16 Windows 95 setting up as a license server, 118 Windows NT installing as administrator, 111 setting up as a license server, 118 world files, 42, 56

X xrefs, 29

Index

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165

166