Branched Chains And Isomers
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Chapter 10 Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons Branched Alkanes Structural Formulas
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
1
Alkyl Groups Branches on carbon chains H H
H
C H H
H
C
C
H
H
CH3
methyl
CH3CH2
ethyl
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
2
Branched Alkanes CH3 CH3CHCH3 methyl groups CH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2CHCH3 Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
3
Naming Branched Alkanes
CH3 methyl branch CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH3 6
5
4
3
2
1
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
Count
4
Naming Branched Alkanes CH3 methyl branch CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH3 6
5
4
3
2
1
Count
3-Methylhexane on third C
CH3 six carbon chain group Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
5
Naming Summary 1. Count the C’s in the longest chain 2. Name each attached group 3 Count the longest carbon chain to give the first attached group the smallest number 4. Name and locate each group Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
6
Learning Check Alk4 A.
CH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2CHCH3 B.
CH3
CH3
CH3CH2CHCH2CCH2CH3 CH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
7
Solution Alk4 A.
CH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2CHCH3 B.
CH3
2,4-dimethylpentane
CH3
CH3CH2CHCH2CCH2CH3 Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999 8 CH 3,3,5-trimethylheptane 3
Learning Check Alk5 Write a condensed structure for A. 3,4-dimethylheptane
B.
2,2-dimethyloctane
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
9
Solution Alk5 A. 3,4-dimethylheptane
CH3
CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH2CH3 CH3 •
2,2-dimethyloctane CH3 CH3CCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
10
Learning Check Alk6 Write 3 isomers of C5H12 and name each.
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
11
Solution Alk6 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
pentane
CH3 CH3CHCH2CH3
2-methylbutane
CH3 CH3CCH3
2,2-dimethylpropane Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
12
Isomers Same molecular formula Same number and types of atoms Different arrangement of atoms
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
13
Examples of Isomers The formula C4H10 has two different structures CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3 Butane
CH3CHCH3 2-methylpropane
When a CH3 is is used to form a branch, it makes a new isomer of C4H10. Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
14
Learning Check Alk7 Write the structural formulas of 3 isomers that have the formula C5H12. Name each.
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
15
Solution Alk7 Write the structural formulas of 3 isomers that have the formula C5H12. Name each. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3CHCH2CH3
pentane CH3 CH3CCH3
CH3 1999 16 2-methylbutaneTimberlake LecturePLUS 2,2-dimethylpropane
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
1
Alkyl Groups Branches on carbon chains H H
H
C H H
H
C
C
H
H
CH3
methyl
CH3CH2
ethyl
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
2
Branched Alkanes CH3 CH3CHCH3 methyl groups CH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2CHCH3 Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
3
Naming Branched Alkanes
CH3 methyl branch CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH3 6
5
4
3
2
1
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
Count
4
Naming Branched Alkanes CH3 methyl branch CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH3 6
5
4
3
2
1
Count
3-Methylhexane on third C
CH3 six carbon chain group Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
5
Naming Summary 1. Count the C’s in the longest chain 2. Name each attached group 3 Count the longest carbon chain to give the first attached group the smallest number 4. Name and locate each group Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
6
Learning Check Alk4 A.
CH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2CHCH3 B.
CH3
CH3
CH3CH2CHCH2CCH2CH3 CH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
7
Solution Alk4 A.
CH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2CHCH3 B.
CH3
2,4-dimethylpentane
CH3
CH3CH2CHCH2CCH2CH3 Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999 8 CH 3,3,5-trimethylheptane 3
Learning Check Alk5 Write a condensed structure for A. 3,4-dimethylheptane
B.
2,2-dimethyloctane
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
9
Solution Alk5 A. 3,4-dimethylheptane
CH3
CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH2CH3 CH3 •
2,2-dimethyloctane CH3 CH3CCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
10
Learning Check Alk6 Write 3 isomers of C5H12 and name each.
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
11
Solution Alk6 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
pentane
CH3 CH3CHCH2CH3
2-methylbutane
CH3 CH3CCH3
2,2-dimethylpropane Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
12
Isomers Same molecular formula Same number and types of atoms Different arrangement of atoms
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
13
Examples of Isomers The formula C4H10 has two different structures CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3 Butane
CH3CHCH3 2-methylpropane
When a CH3 is is used to form a branch, it makes a new isomer of C4H10. Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
14
Learning Check Alk7 Write the structural formulas of 3 isomers that have the formula C5H12. Name each.
Timberlake LecturePLUS 1999
15
Solution Alk7 Write the structural formulas of 3 isomers that have the formula C5H12. Name each. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3CHCH2CH3
pentane CH3 CH3CCH3
CH3 1999 16 2-methylbutaneTimberlake LecturePLUS 2,2-dimethylpropane
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