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LAPORAN PENYIASATAN TENAGA BURUH LABOUR FORCE SURVEY REPORT

MALAYSIA

SUKU TAHUNAN PERTAMA 2009 FIRST QUARTER 2009

SIRI 18 BIL. 2/2009 JUN 2009 SERIES NO.18 NO.2/2009 JUNE 2009

JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA

PUTRAJAYA

Pengenalan

Laporan Penyiasatan Tenaga Buruh, Malaysia, Suku Tahun Pertama 2009, membentangkan data suku tahunan berkaitan ciri-ciri tenaga buruh, pengangguran dan struktur guna tenaga berdasarkan penyiasatan yang dijalankan secara bulanan. Maklumat yang diperoleh daripada penyiasatan ini digunakan sebagai input untuk menganalisis situasi pasaran buruh, menggubal dasar dan merancang, melaksana serta memantau program berkaitan dengan pembangunan sumber manusia. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan di atas kerjasama yang diberikan oleh responden dan juga anggota Jabatan dalam menjayakan penyiasatan ini.

Bahagian Perangkaan Tenaga Manusia dan Sosial Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Jun 2009

i

Introduction

The Labour Force Survey Report, Malaysia, First Quarter 2009, presents quarterly data on the characteristics of labour force, unemployment and the structure of employment based on the monthly surveys. Information obtained from the survey provides input for analysing the labour market situation, policy formulation as well as planning, implementing and monitoring programmes related to human resource development. The Department of Statistics, Malaysia gratefully acknowledges and appreciates the co-operation of respondents as well as the staff of the Department in making the survey a success.

Manpower and Social Statistics Division Department of Statistics, Malaysia June 2009

ii

Kandungan

Muka surat 1.

Pengenalan ……………………………………………………………………….

i

2.

Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh, Malaysia .............................

1

3.

Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009 …………….

2

4.

Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh mengikut pencapaian pendidikan, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009 .......................

3

5.

Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009 ……………………………………..

4

6.

Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009 ..................................

5

7.

Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut pencapaian pendidikan, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009 …………………..

6

8.

Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009 …………….

7

9.

Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009 ……………………………………..

8

10. Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009 .............................

9

11. Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut taraf pekerjaan, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009 …………………….

11

iii

Contents

Page 1.

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………

ii

2.

Principal statistics of labour force, Malaysia ............................

12

3.

Labour force participation rates by sex and age group, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009 ……………………………………..

13

4.

Labour force participation rates by educational attainment, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009 ……………………....................

14

5.

Labour force participation rates by ethnic group, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009 ………….…………………….................…….

15

6.

Percentage distribution of employed persons by ethnic group, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009 ................................

16

7.

Percentage distribution of employed persons by educational attainment, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009 ……..……………

17

8.

Percentage distribution of employed persons by sex and age group, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009 …………….…………….

18

9.

Percentage distribution of employed persons by occupation, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009 …………….....................……..

19

10. Percentage distribution of employed persons by industry, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009 ............................................

20

11. Percentage distribution of employed persons by status in employment , Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009 ……….……….

22

iv

PERANGKAAN TENAGA BURUH

MALAYSIA Q1/2009

Jadual 1: Perangkaan utama tenaga buruh, Malaysia

Perangkaan Utama

Q1/2008

Q4/2008

Q1/2009

Tenaga buruh (‘000)

10,923.3

11,170.8

11,208.5

Penduduk bekerja (‘000)

10,525.3

10,819.8

10,757.8

398.0

351.0

450.7

6,608.1

6,625.6

6,703.2

62.3

62.8

62.6

3.6

3.1

4.0

Penganggur (‘000) Luar tenaga buruh (‘000) Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh, KPTB (%) Kadar pengangguran (%)



Pada Q1/2009, kadar pengangguran telah meningkat sebanyak 0.9 mata peratus kepada 4.0 peratus berbanding 3.1 peratus pada Q4/2008. Ini disebabkan oleh peningkatan ketara bilangan penganggur sebanyak 99,700 orang dan penurunan bilangan penduduk bekerja sebanyak 62,000 orang.



Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh telah menurun pada Q1/2009 kepada 62.6 peratus berbanding 62.8 peratus pada suku tahun sebelumnya. Penurunan 0.2 mata peratus ini disumbangkan oleh peningkatan bilangan penduduk di luar tenaga buruh sebanyak 77,600 orang (1.2%) daripada 6.63 juta kepada 6.70 juta orang.



Berbanding Q1/2008, kadar pengangguran menunjukkan peningkatan daripada 3.6 peratus kepada 4.0 peratus atau peningkatan penganggur sebanyak 52,700 orang.

1

Carta 1:

Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009



Pada Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009, KPTB lelaki adalah lebih tinggi berbanding perempuan pada setiap kumpulan umur.



Bagi kedua-dua suku tahun tersebut, KPTB lelaki tertinggi melebihi 97 peratus dicatatkan pada kumpulan umur 35–44 tahun manakala KPTB perempuan tertinggi dalam kumpulan umur 25–34 tahun.



KPTB perempuan mengalami penurunan yang signifikan mulai kumpulan umur 35–44 tahun berbanding KPTB lelaki yang terus mencatatkan peningkatan yang marginal. Bagaimanapun, KPTB lelaki mulai menyusut pada kumpulan umur 45–54 tahun.

2

Carta 2: Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh mengikut pencapaian pendidikan, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009



Hanya KPTB bagi golongan berpendidikan tertiari yang mencatatkan peningkatan iaitu sebanyak 0.6 mata peratus pada Q1/2009 berbanding Q4/2008, manakala KPTB bagi kategori lain telah mencatatkan penurunan.



KPTB bagi mereka yang tiada pendidikan rasmi telah mengalami penurunan yang signifikan sebanyak 1.3 mata peratus pada Q1/2009.



Oleh itu, KPTB golongan berpendidikan tertiari masih yang tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kategori pendidikan lain. Ini menunjukkan lebih ramai golongan berpendidikan tertiari menyertai pasaran buruh.

3

Jadual 2: Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009

Kumpulan etnik

Q4/2008

Q1/2009

Jumlah

62.8

62.6

Warganegara Malaysia

61.3

61.2

Bumiputera

60.3

60.8

Melayu

59.4

60.3

Bumiputera lain

64.1

63.1

Cina

64.0

62.5

India

60.9

59.9

Lain-lain

65.6

61.1

79.7

79.1

Bukan warganegara Malaysia



Pada Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009, KPTB bagi bukan warganegara Malaysia adalah lebih tinggi daripada warganegara Malaysia. Bagaimanapun, kadar tersebut didapati menurun sebanyak 0.6 mata peratus daripada 79.7 peratus kepada 79.1 peratus.



KPTB warganegara Malaysia juga telah menurun sebanyak 0.1 mata peratus kepada 61.2 peratus pada Q1/2009.



Berdasarkan kepada kumpulan etnik utama di Malaysia, didapati KPTB bagi semua etnik telah mencatatkan penurunan kecuali Melayu yang mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 0.9 mata peratus kepada 60.3 peratus. Etnik Cina dan India mengalami penurunan KPTB yang signifikan masingmasing sebanyak 1.5 dan 1.0 mata peratus berbanding suku tahun sebelumnya.

4

Jadual 3: Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009

Kumpulan etnik

Q4/2008

Q1/2009

100.0

100.0

Warganegara Malaysia

89.9

90.0

Bumiputera

57.1

57.9

Melayu

46.3

47.1

Bumiputera lain

10.8

10.7

Cina

24.9

24.3

India

7.1

7.0

Lain-lain

0.8

0.8

10.1

10.0

Jumlah

Bukan warganegara Malaysia



Taburan penduduk bekerja adalah selari dengan komposisi penduduk. Pada Q1/2009, sebanyak 57.9 peratus penduduk bekerja adalah Bumiputera, diikuti oleh Cina (24.3%) dan India (7.0%).



Peratusan penduduk warganegara Malaysia yang bekerja telah meningkat sebanyak 0.1 mata peratus kepada 90.0 peratus pada Q1/2009.



Sebaliknya, peratusan penduduk bukan warganegara Malaysia yang bekerja menurun kepada 10.0 peratus pada Q1/2009 berbanding 10.1 peratus pada suku tahun sebelumnya. Penurunan tersebut telah menyumbang kepada penurunan KPTB bukan warganegara seperti yang dibincangkan pada Jadual 2.

5

Carta 3: Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut pencapaian pendidikan, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009



Pada Q1/2009, majoriti penduduk bekerja disumbangkan oleh mereka yang berpendidikan menengah iaitu sebanyak 54.6 peratus. Peratusan tersebut didapati menurun sebanyak 0.7 mata peratus berbanding 55.3 peratus pada suku tahun sebelumnya.



Sebaliknya, golongan berpendidikan tertiari mencatatkan peningkatan yang signifikan (1.7 mata peratus) dalam peratusan penduduk bekerja daripada 21.5 peratus kepada 23.2 peratus pada Q1/2009. Keadaan ini telah menyebabkan peningkatan KPTB golongan berpendidikan tertiari seperti yang dibincangkan di Carta 2.

6

Carta 4: Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009



Sebanyak 57.3 peratus daripada keseluruhan penduduk bekerja pada Q1/2009 terdiri daripada mereka yang berumur di antara 25 hingga 44 tahun.



Taburan mengikut jantina menunjukkan majoriti penduduk lelaki dan perempuan yang bekerja berada dalam kumpulan umur 25 hingga 44 tahun dengan peratusan yang dicatatkan pada Q1/2009 masing-masing sebanyak 55.9 dan 59.9 peratus.

7

Carta 5: Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009



Majoriti penduduk bekerja adalah pekerja perkhidmatan dan pekerja kedai dan jurujual dan peratusannya didapati meningkat 0.6 mata peratus kepada 17.2 peratus pada Q1/2009.



Sebaliknya, penurunan peratusan guna tenaga yang tertinggi pada Q1/2009 dicatatkan oleh pekerja perkeranian dan operator loji dan mesin serta pemasang iaitu sebanyak 0.6 mata peratus.

8

Jadual 4: Bilangan dan taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009

Industri Jumlah

Q4/2008 Bilangan Peratus (‘000) (%)

Q1/2009 Bilangan Peratus (‘000) (%)

10,819.8

100.0

10,757.8

100.0

1,362.5

12.6

1,337.9

12.4

125.9

1.2

134.7

1.3

57.1

0.5

62.0

0.6

2,014.9

18.6

1,847.3

17.2

58.4

0.5

55.6

0.5

1,028.9

9.5

1,001.4

9.3

1,772.6

16.4

1,824.3

17.0

Hotel dan restoran

758.6

7.0

779.9

7.2

Pengangkutan, penyimpanan dan komunikasi

566.7

5.2

550.6

5.1

Pengantaraan kewangan

282.3

2.6

269.2

2.5

Aktiviti hartanah, penyewaan dan perniagaan Pentadbiran awam dan pertahanan; keselamatan sosial wajib Pendidikan

545.8

5.0

582.6

5.4

795.1

7.3

785.5

7.3

654.3

6.0

706.5

6.6

Kesihatan dan kerja sosial Aktiviti perkhidmatan komuniti, sosial dan persendirian lain Isi rumah persendirian dengan pekerja bergaji

256.2

2.4

281.0

2.6

286.0

2.6

282.7

2.6

254.1

2.3

254.5

2.4

0.4

0.0

2.0

0.0

Pertanian, pemburuan dan perhutanan Perikanan Perlombongan dan kuari Pembuatan Bekalan elektrik, gas dan air Pembinaan Perkhidmatan Perdagangan jual borong dan jual runcit; pembaikan kenderaan bermotor, motosikal dan barangan persendirian dan isi rumah

Organisasi dan badan-badan di luar wilayah

9



Industri perdagangan jual borong dan jual runcit; pembaikan kenderaan bermotor, motosikal dan barangan persendirian dan isi rumah dan pendidikan mencatatkan peningkatan guna tenaga tertinggi masingmasing sebanyak 51,700 dan 52,200 orang.



Sebaliknya, industri pembuatan telah mencatatkan penurunan guna tenaga yang signifikan pada Q1/2009 sebanyak 167,600 orang (8.3%) daripada 2.01 juta orang kepada 1.85 juta orang. Penurunan ini disebabkan keadaan ekonomi yang tidak stabil menyebabkan banyak kilang telah ditutup dan ramai pekerja kehilangan pekerjaan.



Guna tenaga dalam industri pertanian, pemburuan dan perhutanan juga turut mengalami penurunan sebanyak 24,600 orang kepada 1.34 juta orang.

10

Carta 6: Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja mengikut taraf pekerjaan, Malaysia, Q4/2008 dan Q1/2009



Sebahagian besar penduduk yang bekerja terdiri daripada mereka yang taraf pekerjaannya adalah pekerja. Pada Q1/2009, peratusannya telah menurun daripada 75.6 peratus kepada 73.1 peratus.



Peratusan penduduk yang bekerja sendiri didapati meningkat sebanyak 1.7 mata peratus daripada 16.6 peratus pada Q4/2008 kepada 18.3 peratus pada suku tahun berikutnya. Begitu juga dengan kategori majikan yang turut mencatatkan peningkatan peratusan sebanyak 0.2 mata peratus kepada 3.7 peratus. Ini bererti semakin ramai penduduk yang menceburi bidang keusahawanan.

11

LABOUR FORCE STATISTICS

MALAYSIA Q1/2009

Table 1: Principal statistics of labour force, Malaysia

Main Indicators

Q1/2008

Q4/2008

Q1/2009

Labour force (‘000)

10,923.3

11,170.8

11,208.5

Employed (‘000)

10,525.3

10,819.8

10,757.8

398.0

351.0

450.7

6,608.1

6,625.6

6,703.2

62.3

62.8

62.6

3.6

3.1

4.0

Unemployed (‘000) Outside labour force (‘000) Labour force participation rates, LFPR (%) Unemployment rate (%)



In Q1/2009, the unemployment rate increased by 0.9 percentage point to 4.0 per cent as compared to 3.1 per cent in Q4/2008. This was due to the significant increase in the number of unemployed persons (99,700 persons) as well as a decrease in the number of employed persons (62,000 persons).



The labour force participation rate dropped to 62.6 per cent in Q1/2009 as compared to 62.8 per cent in the previous quarter. The drop of 0.2 percentage point was due to the rise in the number of persons outside labour force by 77,600 (1.2%) from 6.63 million to 6.70 million persons.



As compared to the first quarter of 2008, the unemployment rate increased from 3.6 per cent to 4.0 per cent or an increase of about 52,700 unemployed persons.

12

Chart 1:

Labour force participation rates by sex and age group, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009



In the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009, LFPR for males was higher than females for every age group.



For both quarters, LFPR for males was the highest with more than 97.0 per cent in the 35–44 age group, while for females it was highest in the 25–34 age group.



LFPR for females experienced a significant decrease beginning from the age group of 35–44 as contrast to the LFPR for males which continued to record marginal increase. However, LFPR for males showed a downward trend starting from the age group of 45–54 years.

13

Chart 2: Labour force participation rates by educational attainment, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009



In Q1/2009, only LFPR for tertiary educated category recorded an increase (0.6 percentage point) as compared to Q4/2008, while LFPR for other categories showed a decrease.



LFPR for those with no formal education decreased significantly by 1.3 percentage points in Q1/2009.



Hence, LFPR for persons with tertiary education remained the highest as compared to other educational categories. This showed that more people with tertiary education entered the labour market.

14

Table 2: Labour force participation rates by ethnic group, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009

Ethnic group

Q4/2008

Q1/2009

Total

62.8

62.6

Malaysian citizens

61.3

61.2

60.3

60.8

Malay

59.4

60.3

Other Bumiputera

64.1

63.1

Chinese

64.0

62.5

Indians

60.9

59.9

Others

65.6

61.1

79.7

79.1

Bumiputera

NonNon-Malaysian citizens



In the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009, LFPR for nonMalaysian citizens was higher than Malaysian citizens. However, the rate showed a decrease of 0.6 percentage point from 79.7 to 79.1 per cent.



LFPR for Malaysian citizens has also declined by 0.1 percentage point to 61.2 per cent in Q1/2009.



Based on the main ethnic groups in Malaysia, LFPR for all groups showed a decrease except for Malay which showed an increase of 0.9 percentage point to 60.3 per cent. The participation rate for Chinese and Indians decreased significantly by 1.5 and 1.0 percentage points respectively as compared to the previous quarter.

15

Table 3: Percentage distribution of employed persons by ethnic group, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009

Ethnic group

Q4/2008

Q1/2009

100.0

100.0

89.9

90.0

57.1

57.9

Malay

46.3

47.1

Other Bumiputera

10.8

10.7

Chinese

24.9

24.3

Indians

7.1

7.0

Others

0.8

0.8

10.1

10.0

Total Malaysian citizens Bumiputera

NonNon-Malaysian citizens



The distribution of employed persons is consistent with the population composition. In Q1/2009, about 57.9 per cent of the total employed persons were Bumiputera followed by Chinese (24.3%) and Indians (7.0%).



The percentage of employed Malaysian citizens increased by 0.1 percentage point to 90.0 per cent in Q1/2009.



On the other hand, the percentage of employed non-Malaysian citizens decreased to 10.0 per cent in Q1/2009 compared to 10.1 per cent in the previous quarter. The decline was reflected by the decrease in the LFPR for non-Malaysian citizens as discussed in Table 2.

16

Chart 3: Percentage distribution of employed persons by educational attainment, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009



In Q1/2009, majority of the employed persons consisted of those with secondary education totaling 54.6 per cent. This percentage decreased by 0.7 percentage point as compared to 55.3 per cent reported in the previous quarter.



In contrast, those with tertiary education recorded a significant increase (1.7 percentage point) from 21.5 per cent in Q4/2008 to 23.2 per cent in Q1/2009. This contributed to the rise in the LFPR for those with tertiary education as indicated in Chart 2.

17

Chart 4: Percentage distribution of employed persons by sex and age group, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009



About 57.3 per cent of the total employed persons in Q1/2009 consisted of persons in the age group of 25 to 44 years.



The distribution by sex also showed that majority of the employed males and females were in the 25 to 44 age group accounting for 55.9 and 59.9 per cent respectively in Q1/2009.

18

Chart 5: Percentage distribution of employed persons by occupation, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009



Majority of the employed persons were in the service workers and shop and market sales workers category. This category registered an increase of 0.6 percentage point to 17.2 per cent in Q1/2009 from 16.6 per cent in the preceding quarter.



In contrast, the highest decline in the percentage of employed persons was recorded for clerical workers and plant and machinemachine-operators and assemblers with 0.6 percentage point.

19

Table 4: Number and percentage distribution of employed persons by industry, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009

Q4/2008 Number Per cent (‘000) (%)

Industry Total

Q1/2009 Number Per cent (‘000) (%)

10,819.8

100.0

10,757.8

100.0

1,362.5

12.6

1,337.9

12.4

125.9

1.2

134.7

1.3

57.1

0.5

62.0

0.6

2,014.9

18.6

1,847.3

17.2

58.4

0.5

55.6

0.5

1,028.9

9.5

1,001.4

9.3

1,772.6

16.4

1,824.3

17.0

Hotels and restaurants

758.6

7.0

779.9

7.2

Transport, storage and communications

566.7

5.2

550.6

5.1

Financial intermediation

282.3

2.6

269.2

2.5

Real estate, renting and business activities

545.8

5.0

582.6

5.4

Public administration and defence; compulsory social security

795.1

7.3

785.5

7.3

Education

654.3

6.0

706.5

6.6

Health and social work

256.2

2.4

281.0

2.6

Other community, social and personal service activities

286.0

2.6

282.7

2.6

Private households with employed persons

254.1

2.3

254.5

2.4

0.4

0.0

2.0

0.0

Agriculture, hunting and forestry Fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply Construction Services Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods

Extra-territorial and bodies

organisations

20



Two industries i.e. wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicle, motorcycles and personal and household goods and education recorded significant increase in the number of employed persons, each by 51,700 and 52,200 persons respectively.



On the other hand, the number of employed persons in the manufacturing industry decreased significantly by 167,600 persons (8.3%) to 1.85 million persons in Q1/2009 from 2.01 million persons in Q4/2008. This was due to the unstable economy that has led to retrenchments and the closure of many factories.



Meanwhile, total employment in the agriculture, hunting and forestry industry declined by 24,600 persons to 1.34 million persons in Q1/2009.

21

Chart 6: Percentage distribution of employed persons by status in employment, Malaysia, Q4/2008 and Q1/2009



A large proportion of the employed persons consisted of employees. The first three month of 2009 showed that the percentage of employees decreased to 73.1 per cent from 75.6 per cent in Q4/2008.



The percentage of own account workers increased by 1.7 percentage points from 16.6 per cent in Q4/2008 to 18.3 per cent in the following quarter. Likewise, the employer category also recorded an increase of 0.2 percentage point to 3.7 per cent. This shows that more people are likely to enter into entrepreneurship.

22

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