Bioch5

Chapter 5

csLiverEnzy.mov

Inputs & Outputs of Energy Energy First Law of Thermodynamics – the total

amount of energy in a system is constant Second Law of Thermodynamics – entropy

Overall, energy flows in one direction energy_constant.swf

ATP This is the main source of energy of cells.

ATP readily gives up a phosphate group to other molecules and primes them to react. Such phosphate group transfers are known as phosphorylation atp_cycle.swf

atp_cycle.swf

Up and Down the Energy Hill Endergonic – reactions which require energy

input Exergonic – reactions which release energy in

the process

energy_changes.swf atp_function.swf

Inputs & Outputs of Substances

Diffusion, Membranes, & Metabolism What determines whether a

substance will move one way or another to and from a cell, across that cell’s membrane or through the cell itself

Selective Permeability The molecular structure of the cell membrane

allows some substances but not others to cross it in certain ways at certain times.

Words to define Concentration Gradient Diffusion Passive Transport

diffusion.mov

Metabolic Reactions Reactants Intermediates

energy_hill.swf

Products Energy carriers Enzymes Cofactors Transport proteins

enzyme_substrate.swf

Redox Reactions Electron Transfer chains

energy_staircase.swf

Types of Metabolic Pathways Biosynthetic or anabolic Degradative or catabolic

Selective Permeability

Diffusion.mov

passive_transport.swf

passive_transport.mov

What determines diffusion rates? 1. Steepness of the concentration gradient 2. Temperature 3. Size of molecules 4. Electric gradient 5. Pressure gradient

Active Transport Active Trans port.mov

active_trans port.mov

active_transport.swf

sodium_potassium.swf

diffus ion_and_trans port.s wf

Bulk Transport

endocytosis.mov

Exocytosis Anim.mov

Pathways of Endocytosis 1. Formation of an endocytic vesicle 2. Receptor-mediated endocytosis 3. Phagocytosis

Recept Med Endo Anim.mov

receptor_endocytosis.swf

4. Pinocytosis

Pinocytosis Anim.mov Phagocytosis Anim.mov

phagocytosis.swf

Membrane Cycling

membrane_cycling.swf

Movement of Water Bulk Flow – mass movement of one or more

substances in response to pressure, gravity, or another external force Osmosis osmosisTonus.mov

solute_osmosis.swf

Tonicity -Relative solute concentrations of two fluids

Osmosis.dcr

Hypo.s wf

Is o.s wf

Hyper.s wf