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‡QvÆ Øxc‡`k evnivBb (1997)

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‡QvÆ Øxc †`k evnivBb ‡`k †`Lvi kL Avgvi †QvU †ejv †_‡KB wQj | GL‡bv Av‡Q ZvB mgq my‡hvM hLbB cvB ZLb wewfbœ †`k Ny‡i †`wL | Avcb f~L‡Ûi mxgvbv Qvwo‡q cÖev‡mi c‡_ cvwo w`‡Z wM‡q GK mgq evnivB‡b Gjvg wbQK †eov‡Z, †`L‡Z | evnivBb ga¨cÖv‡P¨i GKUv ÿy`ª Øxc‡`k | Mvj&d Gi ey‡K gy‡³v we›`yi gZ †QvU f~LÛ hvi ivRavbx gvbvgv | GB †`‡k A‡bK evsjv‡`kx, fviZxq Z_v Gwkqvi †jvKR‡bi Ae¯’vb, mevB wewfbœ Kv‡R e¨¯— †KD e¨emv, †KD PvKzix | †gvUK_v GUv‡K †`‡ki evB‡i †`k ejv hvq | evsjv, wn›`x, D`~© me wgwj‡q wLPyix fvlvq K_v Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi Gi †P‡q DËg RvqMv GL‡bv Avwg †`wLwb | Øxc †`k ZvB Pvwiw`‡K mvMi, Gi gv‡SB M‡o D‡V‡Q ARmª †nv‡Uj ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ Ges wekvj e¨emvwqK †K›`ª myK (evRvi) | wegvb e›`i †_‡K

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4

g‡a¨ mn‡R †eov‡bvi gZ GKUv †`k A_©¨vr wfmv ev Ab¨vb¨ Sv‡gjv Kg Ges Gkxq I BD‡ivcxq ev cvðvZ¨ ågbKvix‡`i Rb¨ myj‡f åg‡bi Rb¨ me‡P‡q Dchy³ | evnivBb Øxcivó 33 Uv †QvU †QvU Øxc wb‡q MwVZ | Gi g‡a¨ evnivBb Øxc n‡jv me‡P‡q eo | ˆ`N¨ 50 wKt wgt, cÖ¯’ cÖvq 16 wKt wgt Gi gZ | Gi AvqZb 583 eM© wKt wgt | evnivBb, gynviivK, wmUiv Ges Dg-Avj-bvmvb Øxc¸‡jv n‡jv GKUy eo, wKQy wKQy Øxc †Kej mvM‡ii ey‡K †QvÆ cv_i L‡Ûi gZ gv_v †ei K‡i Av‡Q | A‡bK¸‡jv Øxc eZ©gv‡b evnivBb ev gynviivK Gi mv‡_ weª‡Ri Øviv mshy³ | G¸‡jv‡K †`L‡j GLb Øxc g‡b bv n‡q g~j L‡Ûi ewa©Z Ask wn‡m‡eB g‡b nq | GwcÖj †_‡K A‡±vei G Kgvm ZvcgvÎv †ek Ges evZv‡i Av`ªZvI †ekx _v‡K | G mgq iv‡Z cÖvq 30 wWMªx †mt I w`‡b GUv 40 wWMªx †mt ch©š— †h‡Z cv‡i | b‡f¤¦i †_‡K gvP© ch©š— AvenvIqv †ek myLcÖ` | ZvcgvÎv 14 wWMªx †m| †_‡K 24 wWMªx †mt Gi g‡a¨ DVvbvgv K‡i Ges iv‡Z GKUy kxZ Abyf~Z nq | evnivBb cÖvq 5,50,000 Gi gZ †jvK emevm K‡i Gi g‡a¨ 1,50,000 n‡jv we‡`kx Kg©Rxwe | Giv evnivB‡b e¨emv †_‡K ïiæ

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5

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m¤ú„³ | L„ó c~e© 3q mnmª kZvãx †_‡K GUv wWjgvb‡`i GjvKv wQj | GUv cÖvPxb c„w_exi Ab¨Zg GKUv e¨emvwqK mvgªvR¨ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQj | †eªvbR hy‡M wWjgvb Gi D™¢e | g‡b Kiv n‡q _v‡K Zv L„ó c~e© 3200 mv‡ji w`‡K ïiæ Ges GUv cieZx© 2000 ermi GB hyM P‡jwQj | GB mvgªvR¨ GLv‡b DrcwË nIqvi Kvib Øx‡ci Zvrch©c~Y© †fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb | GB Øxc †g‡mv‡cv‡Uwgqv I B›`vR DcZ¨Kvi ms‡hvM wn‡m‡e e¨eýZ n‡Zv | 2200-1600 L„ó c~e© ch©š— GB mvgªvR¨ Mvjd Gi cwð‡gi †gvUvgywU eo GKUv Ask wbqš¿Y KiZ | GK mgq Zv we¯—„Z n‡Z n‡Z AvaywbK Ky‡qZ I †mŠw` Avi‡ei c~e© Ask ch©š— we¯—„wZ jvf K‡i | L„ó c~e© 1600-1000 mvj ch©š— Gi mg„w× Av‡¯— Av‡¯— g-vb n‡Z _v‡K Ges L„ó c~e© 600 mv‡ji w`‡K GUv e¨vwejb Gi mv‡_ cy‡ivcywi m¤ú„³ n‡q hvq | 9g †_‡K 11 k kZvãx‡Z evnivBb cÖ_‡g DgvBqv kvmbvax‡b I cieZx©‡Z AveŸvmxq KZ©„K kvwmZ n‡qwQj | AveŸvmxq‡`i kvmbvg‡j evnivBb wkqv‡`i k³ I my`„p NuvwU wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡iwQj | Z‡e GB mg‡q evnivB‡bi AZxZ cÖvPy‡h©i wKQyB Aewkó wQj bv | cieZx©‡Z GUv Av‡¯— Av‡¯— Avevi mg„× AÂj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nq Ges c~Yivq GUv fviZ Dcgnv‡`k I †g‡mv‡cv‡Uvwgqvi gv‡S ‡hvMm~Î wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ nq | Mvj‡di GKUv Ab¨Zg cÖavb gy³vi e›`i wn‡m‡e Gi A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡I †ek Av‡Q | 1487 mv‡j Igvb evnivBb I gynviivK Øxc `Lj K‡i gynviivK GjvKvq Avev` `~M© wbgv©b K‡i | Gi cÖvq 36 ermi ci Igvbxqiv cZ©~MxR KZ©„K weZvwoZ nq Ges 1602 mvj ch©š— GB ØxcwU cZy©MxR‡`i `L‡j wQj | 18k kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q eZ©gv‡bi kvmK cwievi Avj-Lwjdv GB GjvKvq cÖ_g emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i | Giv wb‡R‡`i‡K †jvfbxq gy³v e¨emvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ K‡i †d‡j | 1782

wKsev 83 mv‡ji w`‡K GB cwievi Bivbx dvmx©‡`i evnivBb †_‡K

weZvwoZ K‡i | Gi 3 ermi ci Avj-Lwjdv cwievi A‡iKUv Igvbx AvMªvmb Gi d‡j weZvwoZ nq Ges 1820 mv‡ji c~e© ch©š— Zviv Avi evnivB‡b ¯’vb cvqwb ev my`„p NvwU 6

cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡qwQj | Gi ci Avevi evnivBb Lwjdv‡`i KZ©„‡Z¡ Av‡m Ges weªwUk‡`i mv‡_ evnivBb Gi GKUv Pyw³ nq | e„wUk‡`i g~j jÿ¨ wQj Ab¨vb¨ cwðgv AvMªvmx kw³eM© †_‡K weªwUk‡`i g~j mieivn c_‡K iÿv Kiv, Kvib GB c‡_B fvi‡Zi mv‡_ weªwUk‡`i †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v Pvjy wQj | 19k kZ‡K e„wUkiv evnivB‡b _vK‡jI cviZt c‡ÿ Zviv evnivB‡bi Avf¨š—ixY ivRbxwZ ev Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q n¯—‡ÿc K‡iwb | Mvj‡di

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1971 mv‡ji 14 AvMó evnivBb m¦vaxbZv jvf K‡i Ges 1972

mv‡ji †kl w`‡K Lmov msweavb cÖbxZ nq | †g 1973 mv‡j Avwgi D³ msweavb Rvwi K‡i Ges †m eQi wW‡m¤¦‡i wbev©wPZ msm‡`i Øviv msm` MwVZ nq | 20 gv‡mi gv_vq wewfbœ mgm¨vi Kvi‡b Avwgi msm` †fs‡M †`q | 70-80 Gi `k‡K evnivB‡bi cÖPyi cÖe„w× N‡U Ges AskZ Gi Rb¨ `vqx ˆZj Gi `vg e„w× Ges Ab¨ Kvib n‡jv ZLbI evnivBb AeKvVv‡gvMZ fv‡e Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki Zyjbvq A‡bK GwM‡q wQj | eZ©gvb `k‡K hw`I evnivB‡bi mg„w× ev †RŠjym wKQyUv wbgœgyLx Z‡e †`kUv GLb wewfbœ w`‡K Gi DbœwZi †mvcvb we¯—„Z K‡i‡Q | †`‡ki eZ©gvb A_©bxwZ ˆZj Gi Dci wbf©ikxj bv | 90 Gi `k‡K Biv‡bi mv‡_ evnivB‡bi m¤úK© DbœZ nq Ges Ab¨ w`‡K Biv‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úK© Gi AebwZ nq | eZ©gvb evnivBb ga¨cÖv‡P¨i Z_v Mvj‡di †ek mg„× GKUv †`k wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q Ges Ae¯’vb my`„p Kivi Rb¨ me mgq wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q | evnivB‡bi kZKiv 85 fvM gymjgvb evKx L„óvb, Bû`x, cvmx© I wnw›` Awaevmx I wKQy Av‡Q hviv Avw` evnivB‡bi Awaevmx Ges eûKvj a‡i emevm K‡i Avm‡Q | gymjgvb‡`i e„nËi Ask wkqv (cÖvq 70%) | mybœx‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q kvmK cwievi I cÖwZcwËkvjx e¨emvqx cwievi mg~n | _vKv LvIqv t evnivB‡b _vKvi Rb¨ AwfRvZ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i m¯—v †nv‡Uj cÖPyi i‡q‡Q | †gvUvgywU 15-20 BD Gm Wjvi G evnivB‡b mvavib †nv‡U‡j _vKv hvq | Gi †P‡q m¯—v wKQy Av‡Q Z‡e Zv _vKvi ev åg‡bi Rb¨ †Zgb myweavi bq | LvIqv `vIqv evsjv‡`kx‡`i Rb¨ †Kvb mgm¨vB bv | GUv‡K †`‡ki evB‡i †`kI ejv †h‡Z cv‡i | fvj mwâ, fvZ, gvQ me

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hvq | GB GjvKv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB †`vKvb cvU M‡o D‡V‡Q | eve-Avj evnivBb †_‡K iv¯—v a‡i myK Gi wfZ‡i hvIqv hvq | evnivB‡bi Ab¨vb¨ `k©bxq ¯’vb t evBZ-Avj †Kvivb t- Mfb©‡g›U GwfwbDi c~e© cÖv‡š— GB †Kvivb nvDm Aew¯’Z | GLv‡b †Kvivb kix‡di AmsL¨ ai‡bi msMªn eZ©gvb | GUv A‡bKUv wgDwRqv‡gi gZ | me ai‡bi ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ GUv †Lvjv | GLv‡b Kv‡V †Lv`vB Kiv , cvÛywjwc AvKv‡i Ges ÿy`ªvKvi †Kvivb kixd i‡q‡Q | GLv‡b BmjvwgK AvU© I K¨vwjMªvwdi A‡bK bgybv msM„nxZ Av‡Q hv †`‡L mwZ¨ gy» n‡Z nq | kwb n‡Z e„n¯úwZevi GUv †Lvjv _v‡K `k©K‡`i Rb¨ | b¨vkbvj wgDwRqvg t- Avj-dvwZn nvDm Gi DËi cÖv‡š— GB wekvj mv`v is Gi febwU Aew¯’Z | GUv gynviivK KRI‡qi ‡kl gv_vq evnivBb AvBj¨vÛ G Aew¯’Z | GUv kwb †_‡K e„n¯úwZevi †Lvjv _v‡K | 500 wdjm cÖ‡ek wU‡KU Gi g~j¨ | GLv‡b msMªn¸‡jv my›`i fv‡e K…wó, msK…wZ, weeZ©‡bi avivevwnKZv I Bmjvg Gi cÖviw¤¢K hy‡Mi msMªn mvRv‡bv Av‡Q | hv `k©bv_x©‡K gy» K‡i | Kv jvZ-Avj-evnivBb t-

GUv evnivB‡bi cÖavb cÖZœ ZvwZ¡K GjvKv | GUv evnivBb

‡dvU© ev cZ©yMxR †dvU© wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ | GB GjvKvq 4Uv LbbK…Z ¯’vb i‡q‡Q | GUv gvbvgv †_‡K 5 wKtwgt cwð‡g Ges mn‡RB Kvi-G K‡i †`L‡Z hvIqv hvq | GLv‡b mvavibZt evm iæU †bB Ges cÖwZw`b w`‡bi †ejv GB GjvKv `k©bv_x©‡`i Rb¨ D¤§y³ _v‡K | †Kvb cÖ‡ek g~j¨ w`‡Z nq bv | U¨vw·‡Z K‡i Avm‡j wZb/Pvi evnivBb w`bvi fvov jv‡M | GB GjvKvi

cÖZœZvwZ¡K wb`k©b mg~n cÖvq 2800 L„t c~e© Gi, hLb

wWjgvbiv evwbwR¨K kw³ wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡iwQj | GLv‡b 1500-500 L „t c~e© Gi K¨vmvBU I Avwmwiqvb mgqKvjxb feb I Ly‡R cvIqv wM‡q‡Q | mvM‡ii w`‡K †M‡j GKUv 11k kZvãxi BmjvwgK `~M© Av‡Q hv eZ©gv‡b cÖvq aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q |

10

evBZ-Avj-Rvmivn t

GB UªvwWkbvj evwoUv Avj Rvmivn Mªv‡g Aew¯’Z | GUv

†mŠw` Avie ms‡hvMKvix KRI‡qi `wÿY cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z Ges GUv evnivB‡bi Avwgi †kL Bmv- web-mvjvg Avj Lwjdvi Rb¥¯’vb | 1907 mv‡j GUv ˆZix Kiv nq Ges GUv GKB fv‡e ZLb †_‡K msiÿb Kiv n‡”Q | kwb †_‡e eyaevi mKvj 8-2 Uv ch©š— GUv `k©bv_x©‡`i Rb¨ †Lvjv _v‡K | cÖ‡ek g~j¨ jv‡M bv GUv †`L‡Z | GB Mªv‡g A‡bK¸‡jv n¯— wk‡íi †`vKvb Av‡Q | ev‡m K‡i n¯— wkí †K‡›`ª bvg‡j †n‡UB evBZ Avj Rvmivn †Z hvIqv hvq | Avj-Avwib eY¨ cÖYx AfqvkÖg t

GUv cÖvq 10 eM© wKtwgt RvqMv Ry‡o Aew¯’Z | GB

AfqvkÖgwU evnivB‡bi `wÿY cwðg cv‡k¦© M‡o D‡V‡Q | GLv‡b †h me cÖvYxi esk wejywßi c‡_ †m me cÖRvwZi msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ GUv ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q | GLv‡b g~jZt Avie †`‡ki cÖvYx¸‡jv‡K msiÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q | Z‡e Avie †`‡ki bq Ggb cÖvYx †hgb - †Reªv I G‡Z ¯’vb jvf K‡i‡Q | ev‡m K‡i GUv Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Z nq | Gw›Uª wd GK evnivBb w`bvi | eY¨ cÖvYx hviv cQ›` K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ GUv PgrKvi RvqMv | gynviivK AvBj¨vÛ t

evnivB‡bi GB wØZxq e„nËg Øx‡c _vKvi †Kvb e¨e¯’v hw`I

†bB Z‡e GLv‡b A‡bK wKQy †`Lvi Av‡Q | ev‡m K‡i AwZ mn‡RB GLv‡b Avmv hvq | GLv‡b †cvó Awdm, †ióy‡i›U BZ¨vw` me wKQyB Av‡Q | GUv evnivBb AvBj¨v‡Ûi mv‡_ KRI‡q w`‡q mshy³ | evnivB‡bi wegvb e›`i GB Øx‡cB Aew¯’Z | GLv‡b Gqvi †dv‡m©iI NvwU Av‡Q | evnivBb wegvb e›`i Mvj‡di Ab¨Zg e¨¯— wegvb e›`i ejv P‡j | wewfbœ †`‡ki wegvb GLv‡b DVvbvgv Ki‡Q | Ges ga¨cÖv‡P¨i me †`k I `~i cÖv‡P¨i †`‡ki mv‡_I GB Øx‡ci †hvMv‡hvM iÿv Ki‡Q GB wegvb e›`i | evBZ †kL Bmv web Avjx Ges evBZ mvB`x t

evnivB‡bi

ˆZj

cvIqvi

c~‡e©Kvi

Rvxeb hvÎv hw` †KD ch©‡eÿb Ki‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j GB `y‡Uv evwo‡Z hvIqv Aek¨B KZ©e¨ | GB `y‡Uv evoxB mßv‡ni kwb-eya evi 8-2Uv I e„n¯úwZevi 9-30 †_‡K 5 Uv ch©š— †Lvjv _v‡K | †`L‡Z †Kvb cÖ‡ek g~j¨ w`‡Z nq bv | U¨vw· K‡i hvIqvB fvj | U¨vw· WªvBfvi‡K RvqMvi bvg e‡j w`‡jB wb‡q hv‡e | 11

Kv jvZ Avey gvwni (Avey gvwni `~M©) t

GB †QvÆ `~M©wU gynviivK Gi `wÿY cwðg

cÖv‡š— Aew¯’Z | GUv gynviivK Gi mv‡_ mshy³ g‡b n‡jI GUv Avjv`v †QvÆ GKUv Øx‡c Aew¯’Z | 16k kZ‡K GB `~M©Uv wbwg©Z n‡qwQj Ges cieZx©‡Z GUv wewfbœ mg‡q cybt wbwg©Z n‡qwQj | gynviivK †Kvó MvW© †ókb Gi GjvKvi g‡a¨ eZ©gv‡b GUvi Ae¯’vb | hw`I cÖ‡ek GLv‡b mxwgZ Z‡e AbygwZ wb‡q G `~M© †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i | wKs dvnv` KRI‡q t

evnivB‡bi g~j AvKl©b †nvj wKs dvnv` KRI‡q | GUv †mŠw`

Avi‡ei g~j f~L‡Ûi mv‡_ evnivB‡bi ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q | wekvj GK ¯’vcZ¨ Kjv Ges Gi †gBb‡U‡bÝ Gi Rb¨ †ek fvj e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q | GB eªxR w`‡q cÖwZwbqZ †jvKRb †mŠw` Avie I evnivB‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i P‡j‡Q | GB KRI‡q 26‡k b‡f¤¦i 1986 mv‡j D‡™¢vab Kiv nq | GUv 7Uv Kswµ‡Ui wdwjs Avc I 5Uv weªR wb‡q MwVZ | Gi m¤ú~Y© ˆ`N©¨ 25 wKt wgt | Gi g‡a¨ Z„Zxq weªRwU `xN©Zg hvi ˆ`N©¨ 5914 wgUvi | 504 Uv Kswµ‡Ui wcjvi Gi Dci mgMª weªRUv Aew¯’Z | KRI‡qi ga¨eZx© mvM‡ii me‡P‡q Mfxi As‡ki MfxiZv 13 wgUvi | Gi evnivBb Ges †mŠw` Avie cÖv‡š— `y‡Uv KRI‡q †ióy‡i›U i‡q‡Q, †`L‡Z GKB iKg Ges G‡`i D”PZv 65

wgUvi | GB

†ióy‡i›U¸‡jv GKUv K…wÎg fv‡e ˆZix Øxc G Aew¯’Z | GLv‡b Kvóg I Ab¨vb¨ KRI‡q m¤úwK©Z miKvix feb¸‡jv Aew¯’Z | Gi GjvKv n‡jv 6,60,000 eM© wgUvi | GB KRI‡q w`‡q †h‡Z n‡j ïé w`‡Z nq †QvU Kvi ev †QvU jwi 30 †mŠw` wi‡qj | evm †mŠw` wi‡qj 30, eo evm †mŠw` wi‡j 50 UªvK cÖwZ Ub Gi Rb¨ 3 ‡mŠw` wi‡qj | GUv AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡j cvm‡cvU©, Mvwoi gvwjKvbv (m¤úwK©Z `wjjcÎ, WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ G me wKQy Kvóg I Bwg‡Mªkb G †PK Kiv nq | KRI‡q †`Lvi Rb¨I AmsL¨ `k©bv_x© Av‡m | KRI‡q †ióy‡i›U Gi Dc‡i e¨vjKwb Av‡Q †hLvb †_‡K cy‡iv Mvjd Gi †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Kiv hvq Ges `~‡ii evnivB‡bi `„k¨vejx †`Lv hvq | wewfbœ ai‡bi bvkKZv g~jK Kg©KvÛ eÜ Kivi Rb¨ nvBI‡q cywjk †cUªj Kvi I †nwjKvÞvi i‡q‡Q Ges wbqwgZ cÖniv i‡q‡Q GB KRI‡q‡Z | Avgiv KRI‡q‡Z †nu‡U †eovw”Qjvg | K‡qKRb cv‡ki †eov cvi n‡q mvM‡i nvZ w`w”Qj | nVvr †`wL Dc‡i †nwjKÞvi 12

Avgv‡`i‡K iv¯—vq Avm‡Z ejj | †gvUi mvB‡K‡j cywjk G‡m nvwRi c‡i me †PK K‡i †Q‡o wQj | GQvov evnivB‡bi mvMi †N‡l i‡q‡Q Avie mvMi Mvgx Rj‡cv‡Zi KviLvbv | GLb G¸‡jv ïaygvÎ †`Lvi Rb¨ | GQvov wewfbœ ai‡bi gvQ aivi Rvj I GLv‡b †`Lv hvq | GK mgq evnivB‡bi †jvKRb Avie mvM‡i `my¨e„wË I gvQ a‡i RxweKv wbev©n KiZ | Aek¨B Zv GLb cÖvPxb BwZnvm | †eov‡bvi gva¨g t

evnivB‡b Ny‡i †eov‡bvi Rb¨ evm i‡q‡Q G Qvov U¨vw·‡ZI †eov‡bv

hvq | †eov‡bvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`kx GKRb WªvBfvi Gi mv‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kijvg | †ek Avš— wiK

Ges †gvUvgywU evnivB‡bi †`Lvi gZ RvqMv¸‡jv Zvi mv‡_B Ny‡i Gjvg | UªvwdK

AvBb PgrKvi, iv¯—v¸‡jv cÖk¯— I fvjfv‡e iÿbv‡eÿb Kiv n‡”Q | nhiZ mv‡jn (Avt) bexi gvRvi evnivB‡b | GQvovI wewfbœ ai‡bi gby‡g›U, DBÛ wgj ev UvIqvi Ny‡i Ny‡i ‡`Ljvg | †`kx †jvK cvIqv‡Z myweav nj GB †h Avgv‡`i Pvwn`v gZ me RvqMv Ny‡i †`Lv n‡jv Ges †h‡nZy Zvi evnivB‡b Ae¯’vb A‡bK w`‡b ZvB A‡bKUv MvB‡WiI KvR n‡jv | GB Mvox‡Z P‡oB KRI‡q‡Z †Mjvg †mLv‡b Mvox _vwg‡q Qwe †Zvjv nj m¥„wZ‡Z a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ | evnivBb †`kUv GZ †QvU †h 3/4 w`b Gi GKUv †QvÆ wUª‡c m¤ú~Y© evnivBb fvjfv‡e †`Lv hvq | ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ GLv‡b Uywió

Øxc Av‡Q | ¯úxW †ev‡U

K‡i †mLv‡b hvIqv hvq | fvj evjy‡ejv Av‡Q †mLv‡b, mgy`ª mœv‡bi Dchy³ RvqMv | wPËwe‡bv`b I †KbvKvUv t

cÖwZUv eo eo †nv‡U‡jB evi wWm‡Kv

i‡q‡Q Ges

mevi Rb¨ evi I wWm‡Kv D¤§y³ | Avie I ga¨cÖv‡P¨i A‡bK †jvKRb evnivB‡b Av‡m e¨emv wKsev Ny‡i †eov‡bvi Rb¨ | evnivB‡b †gvUvgywU me wKQyB cvIqv hvq | fviZxq kvox, †cvlvK n‡Z ïiæ K‡i B‡j±ªwb· mvgMªx I Ab¨vb¨ wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMªxi evRvi GB evnivBb | A‡bK eo eo †Kv¤úvbxi †kviæg i‡q‡Q GLv‡b | wewfbœ †`k †_‡K e¨emvqxiv GLv‡b I WyevB‡Z Av‡m †Kbv †ePvi Rb¨ | Avgvi GB m¦í mg‡qi åg‡bi Avb›` mwZ¨ †fvjvi gZ bv | GKvav‡i mvMi I cÖK…wZ, Ab¨w`‡K wKQy †Kbv KvUv Ges GKUv †`k †`Lvi Avb›`B Avjv`v , Av‡iv fv‡jv †j‡M‡Q †h AbyfeB Kiv hvqwb Avwg †`k 13

†Q‡o `~‡i AvwQ, meB nvZ evov‡jB cvIqv hvq †ek fvj †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q | evnivB‡b UvKv e`‡ji Rb¨ A‡bK e¨vsK I gvwb‡PÄvi i‡q‡Q | †gvUvgywU 24 N›UvB gvwb‡PÄvi¸‡jv †Lvjv _v‡K | eZ©gvb A_¨v©r 1 wewW cÖvq 2.02 Wjvi Gi gZ | (1997) | evnivB‡bi RvqMv¸‡jv †`L‡Z †`L‡Z †KD hw` K¬vš— n‡q hvq Z‡e Zvi Rb¨ wekÖv‡gi e¨e¯’v Av‡k cv‡kB wg‡j †h‡Z cv‡i, †Kvb cvK© wKsev †ióy‡i‡›U | evnivB‡b cÖwZw`b GKUv Bs‡iRx cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ nq Ges GUv wewfbœ ai‡bi Z_¨ msMª‡ni Rb¨ †ek cÖ‡qvRbxq | evnivB‡bi mieivnK…Z cvwb LvIqvi Dchy³ bv me‡P‡q fvj n‡jv wgbv‡ij IqvUvi, †evZ‡j cvIqv hvq | †U‡ci cvwb jebv³ | b‡f¤¦i †_‡K †deªæqvix GB mgqUv evnivBb åg‡bi Rb¨ me‡P‡q fvj mgq | ZvcgvÎv I AvenvIqv Gmgq me‡P‡q g‡bvig | ARmª ch©UK ZLb G‡`‡k Av‡m ZvB †nv‡U‡j iæg cvIqv GKUy KóKi n‡q c‡o | me‡k‡l ej‡Z nq - evsjv‡`kx ågbKvix‡`i Rb¨ evnivBb ågb †Zgb †Kvb mgm¨ bq LiP I †Zgb †ekx bq | †KD hw` ga¨cÖv‡P¨i †`k¸‡jv md‡i †ei nq Zvi Aek¨B evnivBb I †`‡L Avmv DwPZ | Kvib Gme †`k¸‡jv‡Z wegvb QvovI evm †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q | I ¯’jc‡_ U¨vw· ev †i›U-G Kvi G K‡i hvIqv hvq | cÖevmx evsMvjxiv †ek Avš—wiK Ges me mgq Zviv †`kx AªgbKvix‡`i mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K |

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Av‡d«vw`wZi mvBcÖvm †`‡L Gjvg

22

Av‡d«vw`wZi mvBcÖvm †`‡L Gjvg mvBcÖvm, GKUv †QvÆ Øxc‡`k | f~ga¨mvM‡ii meyRvf bxj R‡ji ey‡K †QvÆ GKUv f~LÛ | †QvU †`k n‡jI Gi GKUv mg„× mvs¯K…wZK cwigÛj ev BwZnvm Av‡Q | hv Gi cªvPxb m„wZ‡mŠa, `~M©, cÖvmv` Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cÖgvwbZ nq | 1974 mv‡j ZyKx© AvMªvm‡bi d‡j eZ©gv‡b Øx‡ci †gvUvgywU GKUv ms¯‹…wZ mg„× Ask Zyi‡¯‹i `L‡j i‡q‡Q Ges †mLv‡b me©mvavi‡bi cÖ‡ek I Ae¯’vb wbwl× | 1997 Gi Mªx‡®§ mvBcÖv‡m hvIqvi †mŠfvM¨ n‡qwQj ch©UK wn‡m‡e | evsjv‡`k †_‡K `~‡i n‡jI †`kUv BD‡ivcxq ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ f~mM© ejv P‡j | `j‡eu‡a ¯‹¨v‡Û‡bwfqvb †`kmg~n, ivwkqv I BD‡iv‡ci Ab¨vb¨ †`k †_‡K A‡bK ågb wccvmy †jvKRb †mLv‡b fxo Rgvq | mvBcÖvm Uy¨wiRg A_wiwU G e¨vcv‡i mRvM I wewfbœ fv‡e Uy¨wió‡`i wPËvKl©‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i I åg‡bi e¨vcv‡i Dc‡`k I mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i | Ae¯’vb I RbmsL¨v ZZ¡ t mvBcÖvm f~ga¨mvMixq †ewm‡bi DËi c~e© As‡ki †klfv‡M Aew¯’Z | GUv Z„Zxq e„nËg Øxc Ges Gi AvqZb 9251 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi (3572 eM©gvBj) | 1994 Gi wnmve Abyhvqx RbmsL¨v 7,29,800 Gi g‡a¨ 83.5% MªxK

mvBwcÖqU, 12.5% UvwK©m

mvBwcÖqU, 1% Ab¨vb¨ gvBbwiwUm (‡g‡ivbvBU Av‡g©wbqvb, †jwUb) Ges 3% we‡`kx emevmKvix | Ryb 97 Gi cÖ_g mßv‡n mvBcÖv‡m †eov‡Z hvIqvi my‡hvM n‡jv | mvBcÖv‡m ‡cvU© Ae Gw›Uª wfmv | wegvb j¨vÛ Kivi ci Gqvi‡cv‡U© wfmv †`q wKsev †`‡k mvBcÖv‡mi `~Zvevm †_‡KI wfmv †bqv hvq | evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb `~Zvevm †bB e‡j †cvU© Ae Gw›Uª wfmvB Avgv‡`i ågbKvix‡`i †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ | mvBcÖvm mgq 3 Uvq jvibvKv Avš—Rv©wZK wegvb e›`‡b AeZib Kijvg | mgq (wRGgwU+2) | bvgvi ci Bwg‡Mªk‡b †Mjvg | Zviv cvm‡cvU© †PK K‡i 01 gv‡mi Uy¨wió wfmv w`j | wegvb e›`‡ii wfZi 2Uv e¨vsK Gi kvLv Av‡Q | †mLv‡b Wjvi e`‡j mvBcÖvm cvDÛ Kiv nq | ZLb g~j¨ wQj BD Gm

23

1 Wjvi =.497 mvBcÖvm cvDÛ | wegvb e›`‡ii wfZiB ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ ch©Ub KZ©„c‡ÿi KvD›Uvi Av‡Q | †mLvb †_‡K mvBcÖvm mg¦‡Ü Rvbvi Rb¨ g¨vc I wewfbœ eB weZib Kiv nq | KvD›Uv‡i wM‡q ejj‡B Zv w`‡q †`q Ges G¸‡jv †ek Kv‡R jv‡M | wegvb e›`i †_‡K jvibvKv kn‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ GKgvÎ gva¨g n‡jv U¨vw· | U¨vw· ey_ Av‡Q | 3 cvDÛ w`‡q kn‡ii †h †Kvb RvqMvq hvIqv hvq | G Qvov hw` †Kvb Uªv‡fj G‡RwÝi mv‡_ c~‡e© eywKs _v‡K Z‡e Zviv Uy¨wió ev‡m K‡i Gqvi‡cvU© †_‡K Mš—e¨/‡nv‡U‡j wb‡q hvq | Avwg mvBcÖv‡mi wjgvmj kn‡i _vKe e‡j wm×vš— wb‡qwQjvg ZvB wegvb e›`‡ii evB‡i G‡m U¨vw· †LvuR Kijvg | mivmwi wjgvm‡j hvIqvi Rb¨ 18-20 cvDÛ fvov jv‡M | Avwg kn‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ GKUv U¨vw· wb‡q U¨vw· ó¨v‡Û Gjvg | GLv‡b Mªæc U¨vw· (gvwm©wWR †eb&R) †Z K‡i Ab¨vb¨ kni ¸‡jv‡Z hvIqv hvq | 10 wgwbU A‡cÿv Kivi ci wjgvm‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv njvg | jvibvKv †_‡K wjgvmj cÖvq 69 wKt wgt `~iZ¡ Ges †ek fvj nvBI‡q Av‡Q †mLv‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ | GiKg cÖ‡Z¨KUv kn‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ iv¯—v †ek my›`i | Z‡e mvBwcÖqU‡`i Kv‡Q G e¨vcv‡i

(iv¯—vi ¸bv¸‡bi) GKUv gRvi †KŠZyK

Av‡Q Zv c‡i Rvbvw”Q | jvibvKv kni †_‡K †ei nIqvi ci f~ga¨mvM‡ii cvo a‡i †gvUiI‡q P‡j †M‡Q, ev‡g mvMi Wv‡b cvnvo I DPy wbPy GjvKv, emwZ †Zgb GKUv †bB | cyivKxwZ© Av‡Q H me cvnvox GjvKvq | †mRb¨ †gvUiI‡q †_v‡K iv¯—v Wv‡b ev ev‡g P‡j †M‡Q | G me iv¯—v †KvbUv cvKv, †KvbUv GLbI †g‡Vv c‡_, Z‡e Mvox †h‡Z cv‡i I iv¯—v Dbœq‡bi KvR Pj‡Q | HwZnvwmK NUbv mg„× GjvKv ev aŸsmve‡kl Zviv Zviv †ek h‡Zœi mv‡_ msiÿb Ki‡Q | ev‡gi bxj mvMi Gi `„k¨B Avgvi gb UvbwQj | GLv‡b mvMi †ejv cÖªk¯— bv ZeyI Zviv ARmª ch©UK †U‡b Avb‡Q Avi Avgv‡`i cÖvK…wZK ˆmKZ K·evRvi †mB Zyjbvq ch©UK k~Y¨ ejv P‡j | ch©Ub‡K Giv GKUv my›`i wkí wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Ges †`‡ki mg„w×i wmsn fvM Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q GB ch©Ub wkí | `ycv‡ki `„k¨ †`L‡Z †`L‡Z 50 wgwb‡Ui gv_vq wjgvm‡j †cŠ‡Q †Mjvg | Av‡MB Avwg †nv‡Uj wVK K‡i †i‡LwQjvg | Uy¨wió‡`i Rb¨ GLv‡b A‡bK ZviKv LwPZ †nv‡Uj, ZviKv wenxb wKsev GcvU©‡g›Um Ges wgZe¨qx ågbKvix‡`i Rb¨ m¯—vi †ió nvDm 24

Av‡Q | mvBcÖvm Uy¨wiRg AiMvB‡b‡Rkb (wmwUI) †nv‡Uj MvBW cÖKvk K‡i | G‡Z Mªx®§ Ges kx‡Zi mgq me †nv‡U‡ji `vg †`qv _v‡K eBwU‡Z | †gvUvgywU G e¨vcv‡i wek` Z_¨ cvIqv hvq Ges bevMZ‡`i Rb¨ †ek DcKvix | kx‡Z †h‡nZy ch©UK Kg Av‡Q ZvB me wKQyB GKUy m¯—v | Z‡e Ryb †_‡K †m‡Þ¤¦i ch©š— Uy¨wió‡`i mgq e‡j G mgq `vg me †_‡K †ekx, Aek¨ GwcÖj †_‡K GB ewa©Z †iU ïiæ nq | wjgvm‡j ga¨g ch©v‡qi GKUv †nv‡U‡j 10 mvBcÖvm cvDÛ Gi gZ w`‡q _vKv hvq A_v©r cÖvq 20 Wjvi , _vKvi I Ab¨vb¨ wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †ek my›`i I cwiKíbv gvwdK | m¯—vq wKQy wKQy †ió nvDm Av‡Q | G¸‡jv‡ZI _vKv hvq | (4-5 cvDÛ w`‡q) | `j‡e‡a åg‡b †M‡j myweav | ZLb 1Uv GcvU©‡g›U fvov K‡i (18-20 cvDÛ ) 04 Rb _vKvi hvq | G‡Z LiP Lye Kg c‡o | G me GcvU©‡g›U wmwKDi Ges _vKvi e¨e¯’v LyeB fvj, ivbœviI myweav cvIqv hvq | eo †nv‡Uj¸‡jvi mvg‡b mvM‡ii ˆmK‡Z †iŠ`ªg-vb Gi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q | Z‡e †h †KD B”Qv Ki‡j †mLv‡b †h‡Z cv‡i Ges QvZv ev †eW fvov K‡i mgq KvUv‡Z cv‡i | G me ˆmK‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi Rjµxqvi I e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q †hgb c¨viv MøvBwWs, IqvUvi ¯‹x BZ¨vw` | wjgvmj wjgvmj mvBcÖv‡mi wØZxq e„nËg kni Ges Øx‡ci cÖavb mgy`ª e›`i | GUv (IqvBb) ev g` wk‡íi †K›`ª Ges cÖwm× nwj‡W wi‡mvU© | wjgvmj‡K eZ©gv‡b mvBcÖv‡mi AvKl©bxq GKUv mgy`ª †Nlv kni ejv hvq | hvi Ae¯’vb, cÖK…wZ I

AvKvk ARmª

ch©UK‡K AvKl©b K‡i | eZ©gvb wjgvmj kni cÖvPxb `ywU AwZ weL¨vZ (kni) bMi iv‡R¨i mgb¦q | GKUv n‡jv Ggv_ym hv wQj eZ©gvb kn‡ii c~e© fvM Ges Ab¨Uv n‡jv Kzwiqb kn‡ii cwðg fvM | G `y‡Uv bMi ivR¨B e¨vcK fv‡e Lbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv K‡i D×v‡ii cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q | cÖvPxb ˆkwíK fv‡e evbv‡bv I mvRv‡bv Kzwiqb w_‡qUvi Mªx®§Kv‡j Mªx®§ KbmvU© I Ab¨vb¨ Awfbq Gi mgq e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K | µ‡mWviiv kn‡ii cwð‡g Zv‡`i m`i `ßi 25

evwb‡qwQj eZ©gv‡b GUv K‡jvwm †gwW‡q‡fj K¨v‡mj bv‡g cwiwPZ GLv‡b †WRvU© Gi mv‡_ LvIqvi Rb¨ wgwó g` (Kgvb`vwiqv) ˆZix nZ hv c„w_exi GKUv Ab¨Zg cÖvPxb g` wn‡m‡e my-cwiwPZ | eZ©gvb wjgvmj wi‡mvU© 10 gvBj j¤¦v mvMi †ejvi mv‡_ M‡o D‡V‡Q | ARmª †`vKvb cvU, †ióy‡i›U, åvg¨gvb Lvev‡ii †`vKvb Ges ivwÎ KvjxY Avb‡›`i Rb¨ evi, cve, wWm‡Kv meB i‡q‡Q, ga¨g ai‡bi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i AwZ m¤£vš— †j‡fj ch©š— | wjgvm‡j †`Lvi g‡Zv A‡bK wKQyB Av‡Q bZyb cyiv‡bv wgwj‡q | †hgb wjgvmj K¨v‡mj †hLv‡b mvBcÖvm †gwW‡qfvj wgDwRqvg Av‡Q | †Rjv AvwK©IjwRKvj wgDwRqvg, †jvK wkí wgDwRqvg, wjgvmj wgDwbwmcvwjwU AvU© †Mjvix I wgDwbwmcvwjwU Mv‡W©b | wjgvmj cyiv‡bv e›`‡ii Kv‡Q GKUv cÖvPxb gmwR` Av‡Rv gv_v DPy K‡i `vuwo‡q Av‡Q Ges †mLv‡b cvuP Iqv³ AvRvb †`qv nq Ges bvgvR Av`vq nq | cÖK…wZi Adziš— †mŠ›`h© ‡`Lvi Rb¨ cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k M‡o IVv Mªvg¸‡jv †`Lv hvq | my›`i fv‡e †MvQv‡bv Ges `~iZ¡ eRvq ivLv | †`kUv wNwÄ bq, me wKQy Av‡¯— Av‡¯— ˆZix n‡”Q bZyb cwiKíbv Abyhvqx, Avbvox nv‡Z bq | kniUv ch©UK‡`i †`Lvi Rb¨ QKe× fv‡eB mvRv‡bv | cÖ_g w`b †nv‡U‡j Avmvi ci Avi †Zgb †Kv_vq I hvBwb | we‡Kj 7-30 G me †`vKvb cvU eÜ n‡q hvq | ‡ióy‡i›U, evi, wWm‡Kv G¸‡jv Av‡¯— Av‡¯— †Lv‡j Z‡e mܨv nq 8 Uvi ci | iv‡Z mviv kni Av‡jvwKZ _v‡K | mvM‡ii cv‡ii †nv‡Uj †_‡K mvM‡ii evZvm I iv‡Zi kvš— mvMi †`L‡Z wKsev mvMi cv‡ii cv‡K© nvuU‡Z †ek fvjB jv‡M | mvBcÖvm b¨vkbvj Uy¨i KZ©„cÿ KZ¸‡jv U~¨i †cÖvMªv‡gi Av‡qvRb K‡i | Gme U~¨i m¤¦‡Ü we¯—vwiZ Z_¨ eyK‡j‡U †`qv _v‡K | AmsL¨ Uªv‡fj G‡R›U Av‡Q mvBcÖv‡m, Zv‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i G mg¯— Uy¨‡i mg¯— mvBcªvm Ny‡i ‡`Lv hvq | Uy¨i †cÖvMªv‡gi myweav n‡jv GLv‡b MvBW _v‡K Ges †m me wKQy eywS‡q e‡j, wPwb‡q †`q ZvQvov ev‡m ågb †ek Avb›``vqK, Gwm evm AZ¨vaywbK myweavmn | evm¸‡jv ch©UK‡`i †nv‡U‡ji mvg‡b †_‡K wb‡q hvq Ges ågb †k‡l †nv‡U‡j †cŠ‡Q †`q | cÖwZw`b cÖvq wewfbœ ‡cÖvMªv‡g wewfbœ kn‡i Abyôvb _v‡K Ges wewfbœ Uy¨i Acv‡iUi wewfbœ w`‡b G me kni åg‡bi Av‡qvRb

26

K‡i |

Avwg cÖ_‡g weP GjvKv AvBqv bvcv hvIqvi cøvb Kwi | GB RvqMvi K_v †ek ï‡bwQjvg | AmsL¨ ch©UK Gi mgv‡ek nq GB f~ga¨mvMi cv‡oi weP wUZ , cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i w`K †_‡KI GUv my›`i RvqMv, mgy`ª ågb wccvmy‡`i Rb¨ Av`k© GjvKv | 8Uvi w`‡K wjgvmj †_‡K ev‡m DVjvg evm Ny‡i Ny‡i me †nv‡Uj †_‡K ågb Kvix‡`i DVv‡jv | Zvici wjgvmj jvibvKv nvBI‡q w`‡q ev‡m K‡i jvibvKvi c‡_ iIqvbv njvg | c‡_ †h‡Z †h‡Z MvBW wewfbœ RvqMv m¤¦‡Ü ejwQj | †cŠiwbK aŸsme‡kl wKsev cyivKxwZ©¸‡jv iv¯—v †_‡K GKUy `~‡i, U¨vw· wKsev †i›U-G Kvi K‡i †h‡Z nq | nvBI‡qi Ae¯’v evsjv‡`‡ki †h †Kvb iv¯—vi †P‡q fvj ZeyI Zviv G e¨vcv‡i mš‘ó bv | ZvB wjgvmjjvibvKv nvBI‡q wb‡h gRvi †KŠZyKUv MvBW †kvbv‡jv | MíUv G ai‡bi, wej wK¬bUb M‡Wi Kv‡Q wM‡q ejj, MW Av‡gwiKv K‡e c„w_ex Wwg‡bU Ki‡e, MW ejj 5 eQi ci, Zv ï‡b wej wK¬bUb Kvu`v ïiæ Kij | Gi ci ewim Bqvjrwmb wM‡q ejj ivwkqv K‡e mgm¨v KvwU‡q D‡V c„w_ex kvmb Ki‡e | MW ejj 35 ermi, ewim BqvjrwmbI Kvu`‡Z ïiæ Kijv | Gici mvBcÖv‡mi A_©W· wekc †mn›U Rb wM‡q MW‡K ejj MW wjgvmj jvibvKv nvBI‡q K‡e wVK n‡e MW GLb wKQy e‡j bv | 5 wgwbU ci nVvr MW wb‡RB Kvbœv ïiæ Kij | nvBI‡qi Wvb cv‡k¦© (`wÿY) f~ga¨mvMi ev‡g cvnvo I eÜyi GjvKv | G me RvqMvq iv¯—v evbv‡bv n‡”Q

ch©UK‡`i AvKl©b Kivi Rb¨ | Zv Qvov bZyb bZyb GcvU©‡g›U

Kg‡cø· I ˆZix n‡”Q | cy‡iv †`kUv Zv‡`i me wKQy GKÎxf~Z K‡i‡Q ch©Ub wkí‡K mg„× Ki‡Z I ch©UK‡`i AvK…ó Ki‡Z | G e¨vcv‡i Avgvi `„wó‡Z Zviv eûjvs‡k mdj | jvibvKv n‡Z iIqvbv nIqvi 1 N›Uv (Pjvi) ci Avgiv jvibvKv wm‡d«ë G Gjvg | 300-400 MR GjvKv weP Ges 10/15 MR gvÎ cÖk¯— GB weP | G‡KB mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q PgrKvi K‡i | A‡bK weP †eW, mvg‡b A‡bK eo †nv‡Uj I †nv‡U‡ji mvg‡b Kwd kc I emvi e¨e¯’v | GKUy `y‡i Uyvwió kwcs †m›Uvi | nvZ evov‡jB me cvIqv hvq | A‡bK Uy¨wió we‡P mvb ev_ KiwQj, †Ljv KiwQj | 1 N›Uv weiwZ wQj GLv‡b | mevB evm †_‡K †b‡g 27

wewfbœ my¨‡fwbi k‡c †Mj, †`Lv I †Kbv KvUvi Rb¨ | jvibvKv wmwU †m›Uvi mvg‡bB Kv‡RB †mLv‡b Nyi‡Z †Mjvg, Lvev‡ii Rb¨ dvó dzW Gi †`vKvb I Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK †`vKvbB Av‡Q | mvBwcÖqU I BD‡ivwcqvb LveviB †ekx | cK© cÖvq me Lvev‡iB Av‡Q | GK N›Uv ci mevB GKÎ njvg | evm jvibvKv †_‡K AvBqv bvcvi c‡_ Pj‡Z ïiæ Kij | 15 wg‡b‡Ui c_ | jvibvKvq †`Lvi gZ A‡bK wKQyB Av‡Q | mg‡qi Zv‡j mvewjj fv‡e GwM‡q Pj‡Q jvibvKv kni | AZx‡Zi mv‡_ GB kn‡ii my² bvoxi ¯ú›`b me mgq cvIqv hvq | †h †KD AvaywbK jvibvKv kn‡ii cªvY †K‡›`ª cÖvPxb wKwUqb iv‡R¨i cÖfve ev Dcw¯’wZ Abyfe Ki‡Z cvi‡eb hv Zvi cÖvPxb HwZ‡n¨i K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q | Øv`k kZvãx‡Z gvB‡mwbqvb MªxKiv GB kni‡K mvB‡K¬vwcqvb †`qvj Øviv my`„p fv‡e myiÿv K‡iwQj | Ab¨w`‡K 9g kZvãx‡Z †dv‡qbwkqvbiv GLv‡b GKUv kw³kvjx iv‡R¨i mܨvb †c‡qwQj | MªxK `vk©wbK wRqb Gi Rb¥ ¯’vb wQj wKwUqb kni | 18k kZvãx‡Z GUv GKUv evwbR¨ †K›` wn‡m‡e AvZ¥ cÖKvi K‡i Ges wmU Ae BD‡ivwcqvb Kbmy‡jUm wn‡m‡e cwiMwbZ nq | g‡bvig cvgwew_ Gi `~M© I G kn‡ii cyiv‡bv Avevm ¯’j mgyn jvibvKv‡K g‡bvig iæ†c Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Q , GB kn‡ii A`~‡i wekvj jeb nª` kxZKv‡j cvwL‡`i AvKl©b K‡i Ges GB nª‡`i cv‡oB gymjgvb‡`i cweÎ GKUv gmwR` GL‡bv gv_v DPy K‡i `vwo‡q Av‡Q | jvibvKvq †Nvivi gZ

jvibvKv †dvU©, cÖvPxb kni

wKUb, nvjv

myjZvb †U‡Kwm gmwR` GUv kni †_‡K 3 wKt wgt cwð‡g Aew¯’Z Ges jvibvKv Gqvi‡cv‡U© †h‡Z GUv †`Lv hvq | 1816 mv‡j GUv ˆZix Kiv n‡qwQj | Kw_Z Av‡Q nhiZ (gvt mt) Gi GK AvZ¥xq 649 mv‡j GLv‡b g„Zy¨ eiY K‡iwQjb | Zvi mgvwai Dci GB mgwR` cÖwZwôZ | cÖ_g Avie Avµg‡bi mgq GUv cÖwZwôZ nq Ges GUv Zvi wPý enb Ki‡Q | GB gmwR` gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ GKUv cweÎ RvqMv | GQvov †fwbwkqvb mg‡qi g‡bwóªI G kn‡i Av‡Q | A‡bK cyiv‡bv Mvu_v I DcK_v Gme g‡bwóª‡K wN‡i cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q | G¸‡jv A_©W· L„óvb‡`i Rb¨ cweÎ ¯’vb | jvibvKvq Avi †`Lvi gZ n‡”Q Gi weP jvBd, nvRvi nvRvi ch©UK AK…cb m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z mœvb Kivi Rb¨ `yi `yivš— †_‡K G‡m‡Q | we‡P Zviv ï‡q †iŠ`ª mœvb Ki‡Q wKsev n‡iK iKg Rj µxovq †g‡Z Av‡Q | jvibvKvq †ek wKQy 28

WvBwfs ¯Kzj Av‡Q | †mLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi †Uªwbs †`qv nq | mvM‡ii cvwb m¦”Q I AmsL¨ cÖevj I wewPÎ mvgyw`ªK gvQ I cÖvYx †`Lvi Rb¨ A‡bK ch©UK GB me ¯Kz‡j wM‡q mvMi Z‡ji AZj in‡m¨i mÜvb K‡i | jvibvKv GjvKvq Ny‡iB †gvUvgywU 2/3 w`b cvi K‡i †`qv hvq mg‡qi wn‡m‡e bv †i‡L | AvBqv bvcvi c‡_ t jvibvKv †_‡K AvBqv bvcv mvMi cv‡ii iv¯—v a‡iB †h‡Z nq | Wvb w`‡K mvMi ev‡g `y‡i Mªvg I dm‡ji †ÿZ | GB GjvKvq cªPyi Avjy R‡b¥ Ges mvBwcÖqUiv GB Avjy ißvbx K‡i | AvBqv bvcvi Av‡M cwiwPZ wQj †QvU †R‡j Mªvg wn‡m‡e, eZ©gv‡b Zv ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ GKUv AvKl©bxq ¯’vb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ jvf K‡i‡Q | c‡_ †h‡Z †h‡Z MvBW Avgv‡`i GB GjvKvi Lvevi cvwbi mgm¨vi K_v Rvbvw”Qj | 2 Uv cvwb †kva‡bi KviLvbv Av‡Q GLv‡b | GB GjvKvi wKQy As‡k GKUv weªwUk †bfx †eBm Av‡Q | †em Gi †jvKRb Gi Rb¨ Ab¨ GKUv cvwb †kva‡bi d¨v±ix Av‡Q | mvM‡ii cvwb‡K jeb gy³ K‡i Zv mieivn Kiv nq | 1997 mv‡ji AvenvIqv Pv‡li Rb¨ †Zgb AbyKz‡j wQj bv ZvB Gevi Zviv wech©q cÖZ¨ÿ Ki‡e e‡j avibv Ki‡Q Pv‡li †ÿ‡Z | AvBqv bvcv GLb GKUv my›`i Uy¨wió kni | ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ n‡iK iKg my¨‡fwbi, myBwgs †Wªm I Ab¨vb¨ wRwb‡m kni fwZ© | †i›U-G Kvi, U¨vw·, evm, †nv‡Uj †ióy‡i›U me wKQyB cÖPyi | my›`i fv‡e mvRv‡bv ZvB mevi gb Kv‡o | Avgiv cÖ_‡g †Mjvg 16k kZvãxi GKUv Pv‡P© | †m mgq GLv‡b GKUv ¸nv wQj Ges Rj`my¨iv †mLv‡b Avµgb KiZ | wKQy ag© cÖvb †jvK Rj`my¨i f‡q †mLv‡b AvkÖq wb‡qwQj Ges Kvjµ‡g †mLv‡b GB PvP© M‡o D‡V | GLbI †mB cÖvPxb ¸nv I ¸nvgyL mh‡Zœ msiÿb Kiv Av‡Q | AvBqv bvcv kni †hb ch©UK‡`i Rb¨B | me wKQy Ggb fv‡e mvRv‡bv †h †`L‡Z I wKb‡Z B‡”Q K‡i | my¨‡fwbi, myBwgs †cvlvK, WªvBwfs wMhvi I Ab¨vb¨ me ai‡bi Rj µxov I weP G mvb ev_ Kivi wRwbm c‡Î fwZ© | Z‡e Avð‡h©i welq GB †h me wRwbm †Kvwiqv, Pxb I ZvBIqv‡bi ˆZix, wKQy

BD‡ivcxq

mvgMªx I Aek¨B †mLv‡b Av‡Q | c~e© BD‡ivc, d«vÝ I †¯‹‡Û‡bwfqvb †jvKR‡bi 29

Avbv‡MvbvB †ekx | mevB m~‡h©i AK…cb Av‡jv †cvnv‡Z mvMi ˆmKZ R‡ov n‡q‡Q | †KD †KD mvuZvi KvU‡Q | eqv w`‡q muvZv‡ii GjvKv wPwýZ Kiv Av‡Q | GKUy `~‡i c¨viv M-vBwWs, IqvUvi w¯‹ I Ab¨vb¨ Rjwµqv Pj‡Q | mvMi ˆmK‡ZB G me wµqvi Awdm Av‡Q | UvKv w`‡q N›Uv wKsev hZÿb Lywk Zv Pov hvq I gRv Kiv hvq | Gm‡ei Dci †Uªwbs †`qvi Rb¨ †KvP I †Kvm© Av‡Q | we‡kl K‡i WvBwfs Gi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi Avš—Rv©wZK gv‡bi †Kv‡m©i e¨e¯’v Av‡Q | mvM‡ii cvwb m¦”Q e‡j Wyeywiiv mvMi Z‡ji inm¨ †`Lvi Rb¨ cÖwZwbqZ bvg‡Q | cÖevj I Ab¨vb¨ mvgyw`ªK gvQ Gi wewPÎ m¤¢vi †mLv‡b Av‡Q | Avgv‡`i †cÖvMªvg AvBqv bvcv Qvwo‡q wdM wU †ei w`‡K | †cÖvUvivm cvivwjgwb GjvKvi mvMi ˆmKZ | †mLv‡b †h‡Z †h‡Z jv Gi mgq n‡q †Mj | jv †eªK n‡jv ‡jvKvj GKUv wZb Zviv †nv‡U‡j | GB †nv‡U‡ji mv‡_ Uy¨i A_wiwUi †hvMv‡hvM Av‡Q | evB‡i ey‡d jv‡Âi e¨e¯’v | hvi hvi cQ›` gZ Lvevi wb‡q mevB mvM‡ii w`‡K gyL K‡i mvMi †`L‡Q, Lv‡”Q | mvM‡ii gv‡S †f‡m †eov‡bv ¯úxW‡evU, ¯‹xiZ gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ me `„k¨ GLvb †_‡K †`Lv hvq | GLv‡b mvM‡i mvZvi KvUvi Rb¨ `yB N›Uvi weiwZ | A‡b‡K m~h©mœvb (mvb ev_) Gi Rb¨ P‡j wM‡qwQj ˆmK‡Z | †eW Av‡Q †nv‡U‡ji mvg‡bi we‡P, A‡b‡K mvuZvi KvU‡Q, cvwb‡Z bvg‡Q | wmwo w`‡q mvM‡i mvZv‡ii RvqMvq hvIqvi e¨e¯’v Kiv Av‡Q | me wKQyB my›`i fv‡e cwiKíbv gvwdK mvRv‡bv, cwi”Qbœ nI.hv wKsev †Mvmj Kivi Rb¨ mvIqvi I Ab¨vb¨ e¨e¯’vI i‡q‡Q | `yB N›Uvi gZ †iv‡`i bx‡P Ny‡i Ny‡i gvby‡li Avb‡›`i mv‡_ wb‡R‡K wgwk‡q w`jvg | fvjB jvMj | hw`I GUv Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Ab¨ fye‡bi gZB | AK…cb m~‡h©i Av‡jv G me †jvKRb KL‡bv cvqwb wbRf~‡g, ZvB Zviv G‡m‡Q fyga¨mvMixq Øxcgvjvq Avb‡›`i Rb¨ | 5 Uvi w`‡K Avgiv †divi Rb¨ cª¯—yZ njvg | Gi ci w`wiwbqv Mªv‡g Avgiv Gjvg | GB Mªvg †_‡K 500/700 MR `~‡i dvgv¸¯—v kni †`Lv hvq | GUvi eZ©gvb bvg †Nvó UvDb | GK mgq dvgv¸¯—v mvBcÖv‡mi Ab¨Zg ch©UK †K›`ª wQj | Zyi¯‹ KZ©„K 1974 mv‡j AvMªvm‡bi ci eZ©gv‡b †m GjvKv ZyKx© mvBwcÖqU G c‡o‡Q | `~i †_‡K cwiZ¨v³ weP I eo eo A‡bK †nv‡Uj †`Lv hvq | eZ©gv‡b GB kn‡i †KD _v‡K bv | Rb gvbe nxb GjvKv, `yB GjvKvi gv‡S Zv‡ii †eov, 30

`y‡Uv †`‡ki mxgvbv wb‡`©k Ki‡Q Ges `yB cv‡k¦©B cÖniv I cÖnix †gvZv‡qb Kiv Av‡Q | dvgv¸¯—vi †jvKRb GLb mvBcÖv‡mi Ab¨vb¨ GjvKvq emevm Ki‡Q | GK mg‡qi Rbvi‡b¨ c~Y© GjvKv GLb Rbk~Y¨, GUvB wbqwZ | Z‡e MªxK mvBwcÖqUiv Zv‡`i GjvKv wd‡i †c‡Z cÖPvibv Pvjv‡”Q Ges ågbKvix‡`i Kv‡QB GB BwZnvm my›`ifv‡e Rvbv‡bv nq ev Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq | Gici Avgiv ZyKx© mvBwcÖqU mxgvš— w`‡q wjgvm‡ji c‡_ †dir hvÎv Kwi | c‡_ Avm‡Z Avm‡Z A‡bK ZyKx© eWv©i †cvó †`Lv hvq iv¯—vi †ek Kv‡Q, GK mgq ZyKx© ˆmb¨iv iv¯—vq G‡m Uy¨wió‡`i mv‡_ K_v ejZ, †`Lv KiZ | Z‡e 2/3 gvm Av‡M ZyKx© ˆmb¨iv 1 Rb bvMwiK‡K wK Kvi‡b †hb ¸wj K‡i Ges Gi ci Zv‡`i Avmv eÜ n‡q hvq | †PK †cvó¸‡jv Qvov GB GjvKvq †Kvb RbemwZ †bB 8/10 gvB‡ji wfZi | `~‡i Z~Kx© mvBcÖv‡mi Ah‡Zœ †d‡j ivLv RbïY¨ GjvKv I cvnvo †`Lv hvq | cvkvcvwk `yBUv GjvKv GKUv mg„w×i c‡_ Pj‡Q Ab¨Uv Ae‡nwjZ Rbwenxb Rbc` | iv¯—vi `yB cv‡k¦© 2 ai‡bi cZvKv | GK w`‡K MªxK I MªxK mvBcÖv‡mi cZvKv Ab¨ w`‡K Zyi¯‹ I ZyKx© mvBcÖv‡mi cZvKv cvkvcvwk mn Ae¯’vb hw`I mnbxq bq †gv‡UB | ev‡m Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z mܨvq wjgvm‡j †cŠQjvg | wb‡Kvwkqv wef³ ivRavbx t mvBcÖvm Gi gvSvgvwS RvqMvq ivRavbx wb‡Kvwkqv Aew¯’Z | eZ©gv‡b GB kni Gi A‡a©K Ask Zyi¯‹ AwaK…Z | wjgvmj †_‡K wb‡Kvwkqv 80 wKt wgt Gi c_, iv¯—v fvj Ges wjgvmj-jvibvKv †iv‡W Pjvi ci jvibvKvi DcKÚ †_‡K iv¯—v `yBfvM n‡q GK fvM wb‡Kvwkqvi c‡_ P‡j †M‡Q | U¨vw· fvov K‡i wb‡Kvwkqv hvIqv hvq A_ev Uy¨wió‡`i Rb¨ Mªæc U¨vw·‡Z m¯—vq GK N›Uvi wfZi wb‡Kvwkqv †cŠQv‡bv hvq | wb‡Kvwkqv ivRavbx kni nIqv‡Z GLv‡b A‡bK G‡¤¦wmi Ae¯’vb | Avgv‡KI wfmv msµvš— Kv‡R wb‡Kvwkqv Avm‡Z n‡qwQj Ges ZLb wb‡Kvwkqv kni Ny‡i †`‡LwQjvg mviv w`b | †`Lvi RvqMv¸‡jv Uy¨wió Bbdi‡gkb MvBW eB I g¨vc †_‡K msMªn K‡iwQjvg | GB nvRvi eQ‡ii cyiv‡bv ivRavbx kni ch©UK‡`i †`Lv AZ¨š— cÖ‡qvRb | Øx‡ci gvSvgvwS Aew¯’Z G kn‡i †h †Kvb kni 31

†_‡K AwZ mn‡R hvIqv hvq Ges wb‡Kvwkqvq GK w`b my›`i fv‡e †K‡U hvq | cyiv‡bv †`qvj †Niv GB kni AZ¨š— g‡bvig Ges ågb ZvwjKvq GUv cÖ_‡gB _vKv cÖ‡qvRb | 16k kZ‡K †fwbwkqvb‡`i ˆZix `~M© cÖvPxi cwi‡ewóZ GB kni | GB cyiv‡bv my›`i kniwU‡Z Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q A‡bK m¥„wZ ¯—¤¢, evoxNi I HwZnvwmK ¯’vb Ges Gi cvkvcvwk Av‡Q †`vKvb cvU, K¨v‡d I åvg¨gvb Lvev‡ii †`vKvb | wb‡Kvwkqvq AjsKvi Gi wgDwRqvg I wgDwbwmcvwjwU AvU© †m›Uvi †`Lvi Rb¨ ‡ek fvj RvqMv | ivRavbxi KvíwbK BwZnvm Dc¯’vcb K‡i †j‡fbwUqvb wgDwbwmcvwjwU wgDwRqvg 1991 mv‡j BD‡ivwcqvb wgDwRqvg Ae w` Bqvi nIqvi †mŠfvM¨ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jv | cyiv‡bv kn‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡q nvuU‡j g‡b n‡e Avgiv AZx‡Z P‡j †MwQ | iv¯—v¸‡jv msKxY© I evoxNi †ek cyiv‡bv | evox¸‡jvi †ejKwb gv_v †ei K‡i Av‡Q Ges Gi g‡a¨B n¯— wkíxiv †mB cyiv‡bv cÖ_v Abymib K‡i Zv‡`i wkí cY¨ ˆZix Ki‡Q | wb‡Kvwkqvi `y‡Uv cÖavb moK Gi `yB cv‡k¦© ARmª †`vKvb cvU fiv Ges GB `y‡Uv ivRc_ ïaygvÎ c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨ | wb‡Kvwkqvi mvBcÖvm wgDwRqv‡g mvBcÖv‡mi AZxZ BwZnv‡mi A‡bK msMªn i‡q‡Q Ges wbIwjw_K I †ivgvb mgqKvi A‡bK m¤ú` GLv‡b msM„nxZ Av‡Q | GB cyivKxwZ©i cvkvcvwk Av‡Q mgmvgwqK Kv‡ji mvBcÖv‡mi wPÎwkíx‡`i AvuKv wPÎ Kg© | cÖavb

moK †_‡K GKUy

`~‡iB i‡q‡Q mvBcÖvm n¯—wkí †K›`ª | wb‡Kvwkqv kn‡i †`Lvi gZ Av‡iKUv wRwbl cyiv‡bv dvgv¸¯—v †MBU hv eZ©gv‡b wi‡bv‡fU Kiv n‡q‡Q | GUv cyiv‡bv kn‡i †XvKvi cÖavb dUK | GB dUKUv my-msiÿ‡bi Rb¨ BD‡ivwcq cyi¯‹vi ev m¦xK…wZ †c‡qwQj | kn‡ii GB As‡k †jvK wkí I evB‡RbUvBb wgDwRqvg Av‡Q | GB GjvKv Qvwo‡q GKUy mvg‡b †M‡jB mvBcÖv‡mi KzL¨vZ Mªxb jvBb hv GB cÖRvZš¿‡K `yB fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Q Ges Gi Dˇi †eAvBbx AwaK…Z GjvKv | GB Mªxb jvBb 1974 mv‡j Zyi¯‹ KZ©„K AvMªvmb Gi d‡j m„ó | Zyi‡¯‹i †mbvevwnbx 37% GjvKv `vex K‡i‡Q I `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q Ges Zyi¯‹ Aay¨wlZ mvBcÖvm †Kvb †`‡ki m¦xK…wZ cvqwb GKgvÎ Zyi¯‹ Qvov | AvaywbK wb‡Kvwkqv GB †`qvj Gi evB‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q Ges GB kni‡K kwcs nvU© Ae mvBcÖvm ejv n‡q _v‡K |

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GL‡bv A‡bK †ióy‡i›U, evi I wWm‡Kv Av‡Q | GB kn‡ii Kv‡QB i‡q‡Q cÖvPxb bMi ivR¨ BWvwjqb Ges `y‡Uv gb gy»Ki Mªvg wdKvi`y Ges Kv‡Kv‡cUwiqv | mvBcÖv‡mi Ab¨vb¨ †`Lvi gZ RvqMv, cv‡dvm t mvBcÖv‡m G GjvKv †`eZv‡`i µxov †ÿÎ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ | GUv mvBcÖv‡mi cwðg As‡ki ivRavbx | BwZnv‡mi mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv QvovI GLv‡b i‡q‡Q mvBcÖv‡mi wØZxq Avš—Rv©wZK wegvb e›`i | GB kn‡ii AvKl©b n‡jv grm wkKvi Ges †cvZvkÖq | cv‡dvm `~M© Ges K¨v‡d¸‡jv ¯’vbxq Lvevi cwi‡ekb K‡i BD‡ivcxq ch©UK‡`i imbv Z„ß K‡i | GB cv‡dvm Gi ZUf~wg‡Z MªxK cyiv‡bi †cÖ‡gi †`ex Av‡dªvw`wZi Rb¥ | GLv‡b mvMi †_‡K gv_v DPy K‡i `vov‡bv wekvj cÖ¯—i LÛ Av‡Q hv‡K †fbvm iK ejv nq | Av‡d«vw`wZi Ae¯’vb I Dcw¯’wZ ØxcwU‡K GKmgq AvKl©bxq K‡i Zy‡jwQj | KzKwjqv‡Z †`exi cÖ_g w`KKvi Aeš’v‡bi wb`k©b cvIqv wM‡qwQj | GQvovI cv‡dvm Gi Av‡iKUv cwiwPwZ Av‡Q, 1945 mv‡j †ivgvb ivRZ¡ Kv‡j GBLv‡b cÖ_g L„ó a‡g©i Av‡jv †j‡MwQj | †mB›U cj GB Øx‡ci ivRv‡K agv©š—wiZ K‡iwQj | GLv‡bi me wKQyB †hb GKUv †Lvjv Rv`yNi Gi gZ | A‡bK cÖvPxb ¸nvI GLv‡b Av‡Q | †h wcjv‡i †eu‡a †mB›U cj‡K PveyK gviv n‡qwQj Zv msiÿb Kiv Av‡Q Ges ivRv‡`i mgvwa ¯—¤¢I GLv‡b msiwÿZ | †`Lvi gZ cÖvPxb IwWqb w_‡qUvi, evBRvB›UvBb wgDwRqvg I †Rjv AvwK©IjwRKvj wgDwRqvg | GLv‡b cvuP M¤¦yR wewkó weL¨vZ evBRvB›UvBb PvP© Av‡Q Ges A‡bK g‡bvwóª‡Z Zv‡`i wbRm¦ Avs¸i †_‡K g` cÖ¯—yZ Gi KviLvbv Av‡Q | cv‡bv cvbvwRqv GjvKvq GKUv †QvÆ wgDwRqvg Gi mܨvb cvIqv wM‡qwQj Zv eZ©gv‡b mvBcÖvm Gi cÖ_g †cÖwm‡W›U AvP©wekc gvKvwiIm Gi bv‡g DrmMx©K…Z | GLvb †_‡K WªvBf K‡i wmWvi‡fwj‡Z hvIqv hvq | GB RvqMvq mvBcÖv‡mi weL¨vZ wkshy³ †fovi Pvib †ÿÎ | mvMi Zx‡ii †QvU †j¤úv bvgK Mªvg A‡bK HwZnvwmK g~j¨ enb K‡i | GUvi mvg‡bB mvM‡ii g‡bvig `„k¨ Ges GLv‡bB K¨vwjIwjw_K hy‡Mi emwZi mÜvb cvIqv wM‡qwQj | eZ©gv‡b wKQy evoxNi my²fv‡e cybt wbgv©‡bi d‡j Gi Af¨š—i K¨vwjIwjw_K Rxeb aviv I cÖevn‡K Avgv‡`i 33

mvg‡b Zy‡j a‡i | Gi Av‡iv Dˇi kvš— wi‡mvU© n‡jv †cvwjm, mvMi I grmPvib †ÿÎ mg„× cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h© ficyi GjvKv | cv‡dvm Gi wbgœvbÂj GjvKv KjvevMvb I Kjv Pv‡li Rb¨ weL¨vZ Ges Gi ciB cwðg Uªy‡Wvm ce©Zgvjv | AvKvgv †cwbb myjv‡Z hvIqvi GUvB †MBUI‡q | AvKvgv †cwbb myjv k¦vm‡ivaKvix wMwimsKU, my›`i ZU‡iLv I AK…wÎg cÖvK…wZK †UªBj mg„× | Uªy‡Wvm cve©Z¨ GjvKv t f~gavmvMixq weP jvBd †_‡K GB GjvKv m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v | GB cve©Z¨ GjvKv mvBcÖv‡mi gvSvgvwS †_‡K ïiæ n‡q‡Q Ges Gi Pyov wPIwb÷ªv bvgK ¯’v‡b 1952 wgUvi ch©š— †cŠ‡Q‡Q | GUvB gvD›U Awj¤úv‡mi m‡ev©”P Pyov | kxZKv‡j GB GjvKvq ¯‹x Ki‡Z ch©U‡Ki mgvMg nq | Ab¨ mgq Gi cÖvK…wZK †UªBj a‡i A‡bK cÖK…wZ †cÖwgK nvBwKs G †ei nq | GB GjvKvq †Pwi, Av‡cj, wcP cÖf„wZ dj cÖPyi cwigv‡b Rb¥vgq | wjgvmj, cv‡dvm wKsev wb‡Kvwkqv †_‡K mivmwi iv¯—v Av‡Q Uªy‡Wvm hvIqvi | hviv cÖK…wZi gv‡S wePib Ki‡Z AvMªnx Zviv GB Uªy‡Wvm GjvKvi meyR cve©Z¨ f~wg‡Z ågb K‡ib | GLv‡b _vKvi Rb¨ GcvU©‡g›U I Ab¨vb¨ †nv‡Uj Av‡Q | GLv‡b A‡bK ¸‡jv g‡bwóª Av‡Q | wKK‡Kv g‡bwóª‡Z fvwR©b †gwii GKUv m¦‡Y©i AvBKb ev cÖwZK…wZ iwÿZ Av‡Q | hviv cvnvo I ebf~wg cQ›` K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ Gi cÖvK…wZK `„k¨vejx AZxe g‡bvig | kxZ Mªx®§ `yB mg‡qB A‡bK ch©UK G GjvKv ågb K‡i _v‡K | GK bR‡i mvBcÖvm m¤¦‡Ü wKQy Z_¨ t 1|

Bs‡iRx mvBcÖv‡mi wØZxq fvlv Ges GUvi e¨envi e¨cK | †d«Â Rvgv©b fvlvi

µgea©gvb e¨enviI B`vwbs cwijwÿZ n‡”Q | 2|

mvBcÖv‡mi gy`ªvi bvg mvBcÖvm cvDÛ | 1 cvDÛ =100 †m›U | 1, 5, 10, 20

cvD‡Ûi †bvU cvIqv hvq |

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mvavibZ e¨vsKmg~n 8-30 †_‡K 12-30 ch©š— †Lvjv _v‡K Z‡e A‡bK Uy¨wió

GjvKvq we‡Kj †ejv‡ZI e¨vsK †Lvjv cvIqv hvq | 4|

we`y¨r 240 †fvU Ges m‡KU ¸‡jv 3 wc‡bi |

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me ai‡bi wPwKrmv I Jla Gi e¨e¯’v mvBcÖv‡m i‡q‡Q hv ch©vß |

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mvBcÖvm †_‡K mivmwi †Uwj †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q c„w_exi 206 Uv †`‡k | KvW©‡dvb †h

†Kvb kwcs †m›Uv‡i ev my¨‡fwbi k‡c cvIqv hvq | 7|

mvM‡ii Zj‡`k †_‡K †Kvb cÖevj ev Ab¨ wKQy miv‡bv GLvbKvi bxwZ ewnM©Z Ges

mvBcÖvm †_‡K †Kvb cyivKxwZ© ißvbx/ Aby‡gv`b Qvov †ei Kiv †eAvBbx | 8|

mvBcÖvm †_‡K mx µBR G wgki, BmivBj, MªxK I BZvwj‡Z hvIqv hvq | ågb

AZ¨š— g‡bvig | Rvnv‡R _vKv LvIqv I wPËwe‡bv`‡bi my-e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q Ges LiPI Aí | ‡Kbv KvUvi mgq t †g †_‡K †m‡Þ¤¦i gv‡m mKvj 8Uv †_‡K 1 Uv I 4 Uv †_‡K 7 Uv, A‡±vei †_‡K GwcÖj mKvj

8 Uv †_‡K 1 Uv I weKvj 2-30 †_‡K 5-30 ch©š— | †`vKvb¸‡jv iweev‡i

cy‡ivcywi eÜ _v‡K Ges eya I kwbev‡i `ycyi †ejv eÜ _v‡K | Rjevq~ I AvenvIqv t 1|

mvBcÖv‡mi AvenvIqv mviv ermi †iŠ`ªKi D¾j _v‡K | m~‡h©i Av‡jv GLv‡b

AK…cb | 2|

Ryb †_‡K †m‡Þ¤¦i G Mo ˆ`wbK ZvcgvÎv 32 wWMªx †mt Ges wW‡m¤¦i †_‡K

†deªæqvix 16 wWMªx †mt, gvP©, †g Ges A‡±vei G 25 wWMªx ‡mt | 3|

Mªx®§ Kv‡j mywZi Kvco covi Rb¨ Dchy³ | †g, Ryb, †m‡Þ¤¦i, A‡±vei G

†mv‡qUvi I R¨v‡KU co‡Z nq mܨvi w`‡K Ges kx‡Zi mgq Mig Kvco Aek¨B cÖ‡qvRb |

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Øxc Gi ågb e¨e¯’v t 1|

iv¯—vi evg cvk w`‡q UªvwdK PjvPj K‡i |

2|

GK kni †_‡K Ab¨ kni mg~‡ni `~iZ¡ †Zgb GKUv †ekx bv |

3|

Mªæc U¨vw·‡Z K‡i myj‡f GK kni †_‡K Ab¨ kn‡i †Nviv hvq |

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‡i›U-G Kvi Gi fvj eve¯’v Øx‡ci me©Î weivRgvb | 24 N›Uv wdwjs †gwkb †Lvjv

_v‡K | G me RvqMvq †µwWU KvW© e¨envi Kiv hvq | WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ mvBcÖvm cywjk Bmy¨ K‡i _v‡K Gi Rb¨ wbR †`‡ki/Avš—Rv©wZK jvB‡mÝ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb | 5|

A‡bK Uy¨wió †Kv¤úvbx mvBcªvm G åg‡bi Rb¨ AvKl©bxq e¨e¯’v K‡i †i‡L‡Q |

Uªv‡fj G‡R‡›Ui gva¨‡g G ai‡bi ågb Dc‡fvM Kiv hvq Ges G‡Z LiP I mxgvi g‡a¨ | mvM‡i åg‡bi Rb¨ µymn ev µy Qvov BqU fvov Kiv hvq | †cvZvkÖq G BqU mvi‡e‡a ivLv Av‡Q

ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ | kn‡ii g‡a¨ m¯—vq †Nvivi Rb¨ evmB m‡ev©Ëg |

LiP GK`g †bB ej‡jB P‡j Zyjbv g~jK fv‡e gvgyjx fvov |

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WyevB G GKw`b

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jÛb †_‡K †divi c‡_ WyevB‡Z hvÎv weiZx | d¬vBU mgb¦q Kivi Rb¨ WyevB‡Z GK w`b GK ivZ _vK‡Z n‡e | GB dvu‡K BDGB Gi GB cÖ‡`kUv †`Lv m¤¢e n‡e | GKUv bZyb †`k Avgvi cÖ_g Avmv GB †`‡k | WyevB Gqvi †cv‡U©i wWDwU wd« †`vKvb ¸‡jvi K_v me©Rb wew`Z | 1993 mv‡ji WyevB Gqvi ‡cvU© AvR‡Ki gZ GZ Av‡jvSjg‡j bv n‡jI †ek PvKwPK¨c~Y© wQj | Pvwiw`‡KB Av‡jvi eb¨v | †kliv‡Zi w`‡K wn_‡iv †_‡K Avgv‡`i †cøb WyevB‡Z j¨vÛ Kij | jÛb †_‡KB WyevB Gi wfmv msMªn K‡iwQ hw`I †`k †_‡K wb‡q hvIqvB wbqg | Gqvi †cvU© †_‡K wegvb Gi Mvox‡Z K‡i WyevB kn‡i wb‡q G‡jv | c‡bi wek wgwbU Gi c_, ZLb mKvj nq nq | †nv‡Uj Gi bvg †nv‡Uj †dv‡qbwkqv | WyevB UvIqvi Gi Kv‡Q Gi Ae¯’vb | iæ‡g wRwblcÎ †i‡L Nyg w`jvg | 9Uvi w`‡K D‡V bv¯—v Kijvg | †nv‡U‡jB e¨e¯’v Av‡Q | Zvici Nyi‡Z †ei njvg | WyevB kni evemv cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ weL¨vZ A‡bK †`vKvb I myK ev evRvi Av‡Q | †`‡k hve ZvB mevi Rb¨ wKQy bv wKQy wMd&U wKb‡Z n‡e | †nv‡U‡jI evsMvjx †cjvg evB‡iI A‡bK †`kx †jvKRb Av‡Q | Avgv‡`i wRÁvmv Kij wK ai‡bi wRwbl wKb‡Z PvB, Avwg ejjvg mevi nv‡Z wKQy †`qvi gZ wRwbl n‡jB Pj‡e | ejj PÆMªv‡gi Kwei Gi †`vKv‡b P‡j hvb me cv‡eb | †nv‡Uj †_‡K †ewi‡q nvuUv ïiæ Kijvg | †iv‡`i †ek Zvc | bZyb bZyb wewìs wbgv©b Gi KvR Pj‡Q | GK Zvjv †QvU †QvU †`vKvb w`‡q GjvKv fwZ© wKQy wKQy †`vKb mvavib gv‡bi | iv¯—vi †Kv‡b Kexi Gi †`vKvb ev wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †óvi †c‡q †Mjvg | GLb evsjv‡`‡kI ‡h ai‡bi wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †óvi †`Lv hvq GUv Zvi Zyjbvq gyw` †`vKvbB ejv P‡j | ARmª wRwblc‡Î Vvmv Z‡e †Zgb mvRv‡bv bv Ges bqvwfivg‡Zv bqB | Gwkqvi †jvK‡`i Rb¨ g~jZ GB me †`vKvb | Avwg Ny‡i Ny‡i Avgvi cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw` msMªn Kijvg | `vg hvB †nvK bv †Kb wWmKvD›U †cjvg I wK‡b Z„wß jvMj | evB‡i †iv` †ek Kov †`Lv ev wPËwe‡bv`b GB Kov †iv‡` m¤¢e I bq | ZvB wVK Kijvg hv hv wKb‡Z PvB Zv Av‡M wK‡b †dwj c‡i we‡K‡j †iv` co‡j Av‡k cv‡ki GjvKv Ny‡i †`Lv hv‡e | evB‡i G‡m †`Ljvg Nwoi ¯—yc | Avgv‡`i †`‡k Kvco †Pvco †h iKg ¯—yc K‡i wewµ K‡i †m iKg K‡i nvRvi nvRvi Nwo mvwR‡q †i‡L‡Q | evsjv‡`kx BwÛqvb A_ev cvwK¯—vbxiv 43

G¸‡jv wewµ Ki‡Q | `vg †Zgb †ekx bv Z‡e M¨vivw›U Av‡Q wKbv Rvwb bv weavq fvj †`vKv‡b †Mjvg | †mLv‡b wb‡Ri Rb¨ I Ab¨vb¨ AvZ¥xq‡`i Rb¨ my›`i †`L‡Z wKQy Nwo wKbjvg | †`vKvb`vi †ek fvj Ges Nwo¸‡jvI PgrKvi | c‡K‡Ui UvKvI †k‡li w`‡K Z‡e g~j wRwbl †Kbv nqwb GL‡bv | WyevB‡Z m¦‡Y©i wRwblI ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki †P‡q Kg `v‡g I fvj fvj bKmvi AjsKvi cvIqv †hZ | GLb (2005) †mB †Mvì myK Av‡Q †mB GjvKv‡ZB †h GjvKvq m¦‡Y©i †`vKvb ¸‡jv wQj, Z‡e Zv wQj †eovi gZ cvwU©kvb †`qv †`vKv‡bi mgvnvi | GLbKvi gZ wekvj †Zvib Gi wfZi Gwm jvMv‡bv †mvbvi †`vKvb ZLb wQjbv | Mi‡g Nvg‡Z Nvg‡Z †jvKRb m¦‡Y©i wRwbl wKbZ | cÖ_‡g `yB wZbUv †`vKvb Ny‡i m¦‡Y©i MÖvg I fwii `vg hvPvB K‡i wbjvg | 11.6 Mªv‡g GK fwi, `vg †gvUvgywU †`Ljvg me RvqMv‡ZB GK | K‡qKUv †PBb, Pywo I Kv‡bi AvB‡Ug wKbjvg | nvév wKš‘ †`L‡Z my›`i | †gvUvgywU †N‡g †Mjvg | †nv‡Uj nvuUvc_ ZvB †nv‡U‡j Gjvg | wRwblcÎ ¸wQ‡q GKUy †ió wbjvg | jv K‡i Avevi †ei njvg | ZLb m~‡h©i Zvc GKUy coš— | evB‡i G‡mB †nv‡Uj †`L‡Z †cjvg A‡bK †nv‡Uj, Pvcv iv¯—v UªvwdK R¨vg I A‡bK iv¯—v m¤cÖmvi‡bi RvqMv Kg | cieZx©‡Z (2005) G hLb †Mjvg ZLb †`wL me wKQy Dc‡ii w`‡K D‡V †M‡Q mvg‡b †Lvjv GjvKv | dz‡ji evMvb n‡q‡Q K…wÎg fv‡e cvwb †`qv n‡”Q `„wó b›`b e¨e¯’v | †nu‡U †nu‡U Ab¨vb¨ †`vKvb cvUI †nv‡Uj †`Ljvg | Avgvi _vKvi †nv‡UjUv wQj m¯—v I ga¨g gv‡bi | Av‡iv eû my›`i my›`i †nv‡Uj Av‡Q | wewfbœ †`k †_‡K †jvKRb wRwblcÎ wK‡b †cøb †evSvB K‡i wb‡R‡`i †`‡k wb‡q hvq | e¨emvi Rb¨B G‡`k wU‡K Av‡Q Avi Av‡Q wbivcËv | iv¯—v cvi nIqvi mgq gvbyl †`L‡j Mvox †m-v K‡i I †_‡g hvq | mÜvi ci Avgv‡`i wegvb | U¨vw• wb‡q Gqvi †cv‡U© P‡j Gjvg | wegvb e›`‡i A‡bK ‡PwKs nq | jv‡MR Ly‡j ‡PK Kij | ewW †PK K‡i I‡qwUs Gwiqv‡Z G‡m emjvg | mgq gZB wegvb P‡j G‡jv | GLv‡b †evwW©s weªR

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| iv¯—v NvU †ek PIov Ges dvuKv | hvbevnb I †jvKRb Gi †Zgb †Kvb fxoB †bB ejv P‡j | wgKvmv †nv‡U‡ji 4 Zvjvq my›`i GKUv iæg †cjvg | wekvj Rvbvbv w`‡q bx‡Pi myBwgs cyj †`Lv hvq | wUwf Av‡Q K‡qKUv P¨v‡bj I †`Lv hvq | ivbœvi Rb¨ me e¨e¯’v Av‡Q, Uq‡jU I ZKZ‡K | me wgwj‡q Avivg`vqK Av‡jvwKZ I AZ¨vaywbK | bx‡Pi wiwmckb Gi KvRKg© †k‡l iæg mvwf©m Avgv‡`i iæ‡g †cŠ‡Q w`j | wKQyÿY wd« UvBg †k‡l we‡Kj †ejv Avgiv wW‡dÝ mvwf©m wn‡óvwiK wgDwRqvg †`L‡Z hve | wZbUvi w`‡K ev‡m K‡i iIqvbv njvg | kn‡ii g‡a¨B wgDwRqvg | †h me mgiv¯¿ wgqvbgv‡i Av‡Q Ges wQj †m¸‡jv,

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m¤ú‡K© avibv †`qv n‡jv I wK wK wRwbl †`Lvi Av‡Q Zv ejv n‡jv | GB wek¦we`¨vjqwU bq wW‡m¤¦i 1998 mv‡j cÖwZôv Kiv n‡q‡Q | GUv †_iv †f`v eyw×Rg m¤úKx©Z D”PZi Áv‡bi ¯’vqx †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o D‡V‡Q | GUv Bqvs¸‡bi Uy_ wiwjK c¨v‡MvWvi Kv‡Q agcvjv cvnv‡oi Kv‡Q GKUv my›`i I cweÎ cwi‡e‡k wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q | cÖvq GK nvRvi eQi a‡i wgqvbgvi †_iv †f`v eyw×Rg‡K mh‡Zœ msiÿY K‡i Avm‡Q | GB BR‡gi g~j gš¿ n‡jv ey‡×i evbx‡K cÖv‡qvwMK I ZvwË¡K fv‡e e¨envi K‡i c„w_ex‡Z myL I mg„w× e„wׇZ Ae`vb ivLv | hviv wgqvbgv‡ii UªvwWkvb †g‡b ey× a‡g©i Dci eyrcwZ jvf Ki‡Z Pvq Zviv GB wek¦we`¨vj‡q D”PZi Ávb AvniY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges GB Ávb weZi‡bi Rb¨ cvwj Kvbyb mg&¦‡Ü AwfÁ †eŠ× cwÛZ GLv‡b cwikÖg Ki‡Q | we‡`kx‡`i Rb¨ †eŠ× a‡g©i Áv‡bi cvkvcvwk fvlv wkLviI e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q, covi gva¨g Bs‡iRx | GLv‡b †eŠ× a‡g©i Dci wW‡cøvgv, e¨v‡Pji wWMªx, gvóvm© I wcGBPwW ch©š— Kiv hvq | GLv‡b wfÿy I gwnjv wfÿy‡`i (bvb) I wkÿvi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q | wek¦ we`¨vjqwU AvevwmK I PgrKvi _vKvi Kÿ i‡q‡Q | gnv¯’vb M‡o †hgb †QvU †QvU Kÿ Av‡Q GLv‡bI ‡m gv‡ci K‡ÿ wfÿyiv emevm K‡i cov‡kvbv Pvwj‡q hvq | Ny‡i Ny‡i me GjvKv †`Ljvg | †k‡l Pv ce© wQj | †ek Avš—wiK wQj wek¦we`¨vjq KZ©„cÿ | Gici Avgiv Bqvs¸‡bi DcK‡Ú fvi‡Zi †kl gyNj mgªvU evnv`yi kvn Rvdi Gi gvRvi whqviZ Ki‡Z †Mjvg | †Kv_vq w`j-x Avi †Kv_vq ZLbKvi AL¨vZ evgv© gyjy‡Ki ivRavbxi GK †Kv‡b †Kvb g‡Z wU‡K Av‡Q GK mgªvUi mgvwa | mgvwa¯’vb mevB †P‡b Z‡e GjvKvUv AbybœZ I AbMªmi | gymwjg cÖavb GjvKv ZvB †eŠ× cÖavb wgqvbgv‡i Giv Ae‡nwjZ | c¨v‡MvWvi PvKwPK¨ GLv‡b †bB | Z‡e Zvui mv‡_ Avmv †jvKR‡bi eskaiiv Zv‡`i mgªv‡Ui mgvwa‡K hZUv m¤¢e m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ AvM‡j ivLvi †Póv Ki‡Q | wmwo w`‡q Dc‡i DV‡Z nq | GKUv mgvwai cv‡k¦© GKUv mgwR` Av‡Q | Af¨vMZ‡`i emvi 53

eve¯’v Av‡Q Kei meyR iO Gi wMjvd w`‡q XvKv | Lv‡`g Av‡Q Zvuiv GUvi cwiPhv© K‡i | ch©UKiv gv‡S gv‡S Av‡m wKQy `vb K‡i hvq | ¯’vbxq fv‡e GivI wKQy msMªn K‡i Zvi cwiPhv© K‡i | Kei †hqviZ †k‡l Avgv‡`i Pv P‡µ Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡jv | G‡KZ Zviv wb‡RivB mgm¨vq Av‡Q ZvB Zv‡`i mgm¨v evov‡Z PvBwb | Z‡e †Rvi K‡i wRjvcx I Pv LvIqv‡jv | g‡b g‡b fvewQjvg †Kv_vq †kŠh© exh© Avi †Kv_vq GB nZ `wi`ª Ae¯’vb | Avj-vn PvB‡j ev`kvn dwKi n‡Z KZÿY | GZ kvb kIKZ c~Y© ev`kvn‡K msM †`qvi Rb¨ nv‡Z †Mvbv K‡qKRb mv_x ïay wQj | gbUv fvivµvš— n‡jv gvby‡li GB cwibwZ †`‡L | ‡Rgm wgDwRqvg I †Rgm gvU© Ny‡i †`Lv wgqvbgvi Gi LwbR m¤ú` Adziš— | Gi g‡a¨ g~j¨evb cv_‡ii Lwb¸‡jv Ab¨Zg | GLv‡b nxiv, Pywb, cvbœv, bxjv G me weL¨vZ cv_‡ii Lwb Av‡Q | cÖK…wZ AK…cb nv‡Z G‡`‡ki gvwUi bx‡P LwbR m¤ú` w`‡q w`‡q‡Q | wekvj wgDwRqvg, wbivcËv e¨e¯’vI †ek DbœZ | wgDwRqv‡gi wfZi A‡bK cv_i wWm‡cø‡Z Av‡Q ZvB †m¸‡jv‡K msiÿY I wbivc‡` ivLv wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq | wgqvbgv‡i wK wK g~j¨evb cv_i Gi Lwb Av‡Q †m m¤¦‡Ü wgDwRqv‡gi BbPvR© Avgv‡`i weªd Ki‡jv | wekvj GKUv iæ‡g wgqvbgvi Gi f~-cÖvK…wZK g¨vc Kvu‡Pi K¨vm‡K‡W ivLv | †mLv‡b wewfbœ iK‡gi myBP Av‡Q | WvqgÛ ev nxivi Lwb †`L‡Z PvB‡j GKUv myBP R¡vjv‡j g¨v‡ci g‡W‡j †m me Lwb GjvKv I LwbR m¤ú‡` fiv GjvKvq jvBU R¡‡j D‡V | Gfv‡e wewfbœ ai‡bi g~j¨evb cv_‡ii Lwb wewfbœ is Gi jvBU w`‡q wb‡`©k Kiv Av‡Q | Gici †mB me cv_i G‡K G‡K wewfbœ RvqMvq ivLv Av‡Q | Lwb‡Z cv_i¸‡jv †`L‡Z wK iKg jv‡M Zv †`Ljvg | mvavib cv_‡ii gZ, wKQyUv is Gi ZviZg¨ †`Lv hvq | cv_i Gi †Pnviv Avm‡j Gi KvwUs Gi c‡iB dz‡U D‡V av‡c

54

av‡c | Lwbi cv_i

†K‡U G‡KKUv‡K G‡KK iKg AvKvi †`qv nq Ges Zvici Gi

`y¨wZ †ewi‡q Av‡m | Ggv‡iì, †RW m¨vdvqvi, WvqgÛ, K¨vUm&AvB, iæex BZ¨vw` g~j¨evb I mvavib AjsKv‡ii cv_i¸‡jv Avnib I wdwbk †cÖvWv± †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q | GUv miKvi cwiPvwjZ Ges GLvb †_‡K LvuwU cv_i †Kbv hvq wKb‡Z PvB‡j wbw`©ó `v‡g cv_i †KbviI e¨e¯’v Av‡Q GLv‡b | evB‡ii †`vKv‡b Av‡iv Kg cwjk Kiv cv_i GKUy m¯—vq cvIqv hvq Z‡e †m me †`vKv‡b bKj cv_i‡K Avmj e‡j Pvjv‡Z cv‡i weavq cv_i bv wPb‡j bv †KbvB fvj | Avgiv g~j¨evb cv_i wKwbwb | Z‡e cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ GB me Lwb I Lwb †_‡K D‡ËvwjZ cv_i †`‡L †ek Avb›` †eva Kivjvg | cÖvq N›Uv Lv‡b‡Ki †ekx †j‡M †Mj me wKQy Ny‡i †`L‡Z | A‡bK `k©‡Ki mgvMg nq Gme wgDwRqv‡g | cv_i †cÖwgK‡`i Rb¨ GUv GKUv LvuwU RvqMv | b¨vkbvj wgDwRqvg, Bqvs¸b - GUv BDwbqb Ae gvqvbgvi Gi mvs¯K…wZK gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b wWcvU©‡g›U Ae KvjPvivj Bb&mwUwUDU Gi GKUv cÖwZôvb | 1996 mv‡ji 18 †m‡Þ¤¦i GB wgDwRqvgUv D‡Øvab Kiv nq | 3.8 GKi Gi gZ GjvKv wb‡q GB wgDwRqvgUv cÖwZôv Kiv nq | GUv Avwk wdU D”PZv m¤úbœ I 5 Zvjv wgDwRqvg | wgqvbgvi Gi K…wó I mf¨Zv ‡mB cÖvPxb hyM †_‡K AvaywbK hyM ch©š— G‡Z my›`i fv‡e mvRv‡bv Av‡Q | Gi g‡a¨ A‡bK Kg©Pvix Kg©iZ | wjd&U Gi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q wewfbœ †d¬v‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ | fvgvi †Mv‡Îi †jvKRb †ekx evKx, †Mvθ‡jvi cÖwZwbwa Aí I Zviv †ek †Ubk‡b _v‡K †`L‡Z †cjvg | †ek Pyc Pvc _v‡K Zviv | wewfbœ Kÿ¸‡jv Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Z cÖPyi mgq cÖ‡qvRb | Avgiv Av‡¯— Av‡¯— GKw`K †_‡K †`Lv ïiæ Kijvg | †hUv †ekx AvKl©bxq †mLv‡b mgq †ekx w`jvg evKx¸‡jv ïay GK bRi †`‡L cieZx© AvKl©b Gi w`‡K AMªmi njvg |

55

gvbvqgv‡ii eY©gvjv I K¨vwjMªvwdi wekvj cÖ`k©bx Av‡Q

GLv‡b | wewfbœ

mg‡q eY©gvjvi iƒc †Kgb wQj Zv cÖ`wk©Z n‡q‡Q | G Qvov L„ó c~e© 20 kZK Gi nv‡Z wjLv w¯ŒÞ GLv‡b cª`wk©Z i‡q‡Q | gvwUi cv‡Îi Mv‡q †Lv`vB Kiv cÖ_g †_‡K beg

kZ‡Ki eY©gvjv¸‡jvi GKUv wWm‡cø GLv‡b Av‡Q | Av‡iKUv †kv iæg

Gi

bvg jvqb _ªb †kv iæg | GLv‡b cÖvq AvU ai‡bi wmsnvm‡bi bgybv ivLv Av‡Q | Avm‡j cÖvq 9 ai‡bi wmsnvmb wQj 2wUi AvK…wZ A‡bKUv KvQvKvwQ | GKUv wmsnvmb wWm‡cø‡Z Av‡Q †mvbvjx is Gi | GUv cÖvq 180 ermi c~‡e© Bqv‡gbx Kv‡Vi Øviv wbwg©Z Ges c‡i †mvbv w`‡q evuavB Kiv n‡q‡Q | weªwUkiv GUv 1902 mv‡j KjKvZvq wb‡q wM‡qwQj c‡i 1948 mv‡j wgqvbgv‡ii m¦vaxbZv jv‡fi ci GUv cybivq †diZ w`‡q †`q wgqvbgv‡i | Ab¨vb¨ wmsnvmb¸‡jv wØZxq wek¦ hy‡×i mgq Av¸b †j‡M aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q | wgDwRqvgUv mKvj `kUv †_‡K weKvk PviUv ch©š— †Lvjv _v‡K GUv‡Z cÖ‡ek g~j¨ n‡jv `k P¨vU †QvU‡`i Rb¨ cvuP P¨vU | we‡`kx‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡ek g~j¨ cvuP Wjvi | Gi cÖ_g Zjvq Bqv`vbvib mgqKvi †kv iæg, jvqb _Y© †kv iæg I K¨vwjMªvwdi †kviæg Av‡Q | wØZxq Zvjv‡Z gvqvbgvi wn‡óvwiK wcwiqW †kv iæg, b¨vPvivj wn‡óvix †kv iæg I wcÖ wnm‡UvwiK wcwiqW †kv iæg i‡q‡Q | Z„Zxq Zvjv‡Z †dvK AvU© †kv iæg I cvidiwgs AvU© †kv iæg i‡q‡Q | gvqvbgvi AvU© M¨vjvix I Abv©‡g›U M¨vjvix i‡q‡Q PZy_© Zvjv‡Z me †k‡l cÂg Zvjv‡Z gvqvbgv‡ii wewfbœ RvwZ mË¡vi mvs¯K…wZi †kv iæg I †MŠZg ey‡×i wewfbœ B‡gR Gi †kv iæg ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q | gvbvqgvi wn‡óvwiK wcwiqW †kv iæ‡g †eªvÄ, cv_i I †Uwi‡KvUvi Dci wewfbœ ai‡bi g~wZ©i †ek mg„× msMªn i‡q‡Q | GQvovI wewfbœ ai‡bi gy¨ivj †cBw›Us Gi Kwc, Kv‡Vi g~wZ© I ZvjcvZvi cyw_ GLv‡b mvRv‡bv Av‡Q | evMvb Gi c¨v‡Mvovi Qwe I Ab¨vb¨ wPÎKg©I GLv‡b ¯’vb jvf K‡i‡Q | gvqvbgvi Gi cÖvPxb AjsKvi Gi †kv 56

iæ‡g dz, evMvb, BbIqv I Bqv`vbveb mgqKvi gwnjv‡`i cwiav‡bi wewfbœ ai‡bi AjsKvi ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q | ˆewPÎc~Y© †kv iæg n‡jv wewfbœ RvwZ m˦vi mvs¯K…wZK m¤¢vi Gi †kv iægwU‡Z | GLv‡b g‡W‡ji gva¨‡g wewfbœ RvwZi Ae¯’vb Zv‡`i †cvkvK/ cwi”Q`, Mvb evRbvi hš¿cvwZ, nvwZqvi mvs¯K…wZi Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY wbLyuZ fv‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q | gvqvbgvi 7Uv cÖ‡`k I 7Uv wWwfk‡bi GKUv GKÎxfyZ BDwbqb Gi g‡a¨ fvgvi ‡MvÎ msL¨vMwió Ges ZvivB †`kUv‡K Pvjv‡”Q | evKxiv A‡b‡KB wbhv©wZZ | A‡bK RvqMvq RvwZMZ mwnskZv I m¦vaxbZvi/m¦vqZ¡ kvm‡bi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Q | GB wgDwRqvg Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Z K‡qK N›Uv P‡j †Mj †k‡l `ªæZ Ab¨vb¨ RvqMv †`Lvi Rb¨ †ei n‡q Gjvg | ev‡Mv kni †`L‡Z Avgiv 7 wW‡m¤¦i mKv‡j iIqvbv njvg | cÖvq GK N›Uv jvMj kn‡i †cŠQv‡Z | Bqvb¸b †_‡K †ei n‡q Bqvs¸b gv›`v‡j nvBI‡q a‡i ev‡Mv †h‡Z nq | iv¯—vi `y cv‡k ay ay Abvevw` ‡ÿZ | †Kvb Mªv‡gi wbkvbvI †`Lv hvq bv | `ycv‡ki w`Mš— eû`y‡i | Lvwj g‡b nw”Qj GB Rwg‡Z hw` Pvl Kiv †hZ Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i †`‡k Avi dm‡ji Afve n‡Zv bv | gvqvbgvi KZ©„cÿ Gai‡bi Pv‡li c‡ÿ bv e‡jB g‡b n‡jv | GK mgq c„w_exi Ab¨Zg cÖavb Pvj Drcv`b I ißvbxKviK †`k wQj GB gvqvbgvi | iv¯—v¸‡jv cÖk¯— Mvox PjvPj AZ¨š— Kg | GK cÖ‡`k †_‡K Ab¨ cÖ‡`‡k ågb Ki‡Z AbygwZ jv‡M | me wKQy g‡b n‡jv ¯’wei I _g_‡g | ev‡Mv‡Z Avgiv †kv‡qgvIWvI c¨v‡MvWvi mvg‡b Gjvg | c¨v‡MvWvi mvg‡b †`vKvb cvU

| GLv‡b ‡`vKvbxiv wewfbœ ai‡bi my¨‡fwbi wewµ Ki‡Q |

mvavib gvbylRb, Av‡iv mvavib Zv‡`i Rxeb hvÎv | gv †`vKvb Ki‡Q, nv‡Zi KvR Ki‡Q I ev”Pv mvgjv‡”Q | ev”Pv Kuv`‡j Zv‡K ¯Íb w`‡q gyL eÜ Ki‡Q | mij wbg©j Rxeb, PvIqv cvIqv AwZ mvgvb¨ | †QvÆ cv‡Î Lvevi ivua‡Q Lv‡e e‡j | †`vKvb ¸‡jv‡Z A‡bK Kv‡Vi ˆZix mvgMªx cvIqv hvq | KvV w`‡q wewfbœ g~wZ© I Ab¨vb¨ 57

AvmevecÎ GLv‡b ˆZix nq | ch©UKiv GLvb †_‡K Zv wK‡b †bq | †ek A‡bK †`vKvb Av‡Q c¨v‡MvWv‡Z †XvKvi nvZcvLv I evwg©R ev`¨hš¿

Av‡M | Avwg K‡qKUv †`qv‡ji Kvc‡oi †cvóvi

wKbjvg | `vg †gvUvgywU ‡ek fvjB | Avgv‡`i †`‡L

†`vKvbxiv Zv‡`i wewfbœ wRwblcÎ †`Lv‡jv | mKvj †ejv †Kej Zviv †`vKvb Lyj‡Q | Avgv‡`i †`‡L Zviv Lykx | BwZnvm e‡j ey× Zvi Rxe`kvq `yBRb cweÎ DËimyix wbev©Pb K‡iwQj Zviv `yB fvB bvg gnvkvjv I Kzj-vkvjv | wZwb G `yRb‡K ev‡Mv‡Z wb‡q G‡m my`vkbv cvnv‡o GKUv c¨v‡MvWv wbgv©b K‡i Zv‡`i‡K †mLv‡b cÖwZwôZ K‡ib | cÖ_‡g c¨v‡MvWvi P~ov 75 wdU DPy wQj cieZx©‡Z 840 mv‡ji w`‡K ivRv DBgvjv Gi D”PZv evwo‡q 88 wdU K‡ib cieZx©‡Z GUvi D”PZv 277 wdU Kiv nq | 1492 mv‡ji S‡o GUv f~wg‡Z cwZZ n‡j ivRv †evavIcvqv GUv‡K 297 wdU DPy K‡i c~Yt wbgv©b K‡ib | 1912 mv‡ji cÖej f~wgK‡¤ú GB QvZv m`„k M¤¦yR f~wg ¯úk© K‡i Ges cieZx©‡Z 1917 mv‡ji f~wgK‡¤ú GUv aŸsmve‡kl G cwibZ nq | 1920 mv‡j GB c¨v‡MvWv Avevi c~Yt wbgv©b Kiv nq | 1954 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j cÖavbgš¿x BD byi c„ó‡cvlKZvq I Avw_©K Aby`v‡b f~wgK¤ú †iva K‡i c¨v‡MvWvwU wbgv©b Kiv nq Ges eZ©gv‡b GUvi D”PZv cÖvq 373 wdU | Gi wbgv©b †KŠk‡j cÖvPxb Kv‡ji QvZvi gZ K‡iB M¤¦yR evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q | c¨v‡MvWvUv Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Ljvg Avk cv‡ki A‡bK GjvKv wb‡q Gi Ae¯’vb wmwoi avc †K‡U †K‡U GK PvZvj Zvici Av‡iv avc AwZµg K‡i g~j fe‡b †h‡Z nq | `y‡Uv wekvj wmsng~Zx© cÖ‡ek c‡_ `vwo‡q Av‡Q | c¨v‡MvWv †`‡L Avgiv ev‡Mvi Av‡iKUv weL¨vZ †eŠ× g~wZ© †`L‡Z †Mjvg GUv‡K kvwqZ †eŠ× g~wZ© ejv nq GUv j¤¦vq 180 wdU D”PZv 52 wdU Gi GK

58

wekvj kvwqZ †eŠ× g~wZ© kZ kZ eQi a‡i †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P †iv` So e„wó‡Z g~wZ©Uv cÖvq aŸsm cÖvß n‡q wM‡qwQj | Gi mv‡_ gvwU I †SvcSvo wgwj‡q GUv‡K A‡bKUv †QvU LvU wUjv g‡b n‡Zv | ev‡Mv‡Z †ij jvBb ˆZixi mgq `yN©UbvekZ GUv Avwe®‹…Z nq | GK fviZxq wVKv`vi BU ˆZixi Rb¨ cvnvo KvU‡Z †M‡j gvwUi e`‡j BU †ewi‡q Av‡m Ges ¯’vbxq †jvKRb GUvi KvR

_vwg‡q †`q |

cieZx©‡Z 1881 mv‡ji w`‡K GB cweÎ g~wZ© D×vi K‡i c~bivq G‡K †MŠi‡ei Avm‡b Avmxb Kiv nq | K¨v‡givi †QvU †j‡Ý GKev‡i GUvi Qwe Av‡m bv | K‡qKUv Qwe Zyjjvg Gi As‡ki mv‡_ | wekvj GjvKv Ry‡o Gi Ae¯’vb | Gi Av‡k cv‡k Av‡iv Ab¨vb¨ g~wZ© Av‡Q †m¸‡jv Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Ljvg | QweI †Zvjv n‡jv wKQy | mgq wKfv‡e †h †K‡U †Mj eyS‡Z cvwiwb | Gevi Bqvs¸‡b ‡divi cvjv | Bqvs¸‡b †divi c‡_ Avgiv UvUgv‡`v RyZvi KviLvbv cwi`k©‡b †Mjvg | GUv Bqvs¸b †_‡K 31 wKt wgt `y‡i Bqvs¸b ev‡Mv nvBI‡qi RvBqvZ‡KDBb Mªv‡g Aew¯’Z | 1960 mv‡j GUv cÖwZwôZ n‡q GLb ch©š— wewfbœ ai‡bi RyZv ˆZix Ki‡Q | GUv nsKs I gvqvbgvi miKv‡ii g‡a¨ GUv †hŠ_ gvwjKvbv cÖKí | evwg©R †mbvevwnbx Gi `vwq‡Z¡ i‡q‡Q | Gi hš¿cvwZ¸‡jv wewfbœ mg‡q myB‡Wb, Bsj¨vÛ, Rvcvb, †Kvwiqv, nsKs †_‡K Avbv n‡q‡Q | hy‡Mi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q AvaywbK cÖhyw³ Mªnb K‡i 1992 mv‡j Avevi byZb byZb †gwkb ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q | cÖvq `yBkZ `kUv wewfbœ ai‡bi †gwkb GLv‡b Av‡Q | GLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi K‡¤¦U my, wmwfj RyZv, RsMj eyU I †Nvovi wRb Gi wRwbl evbv‡bv nq | †mbvevwnbxi Rb¨ cÖ¯—yZK…Z mvgMªx c¨vK K‡i AW©b¨vÝ †W‡cv‡Z cvVv‡bv nq | d¨v±ix †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi RyZvI wewµ Kiv nq | GLv‡b Drcvw`Z Mî my †ek DbœZ gv‡bi I †UKmB | GK †Rvov wek Wjvi G wewµ Kiv nq | †ek fvj gv‡bi | hy‡Mi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Drcv`b I gvb wbqš¿b Kiv nq e‡j Gi cÖWv±¸‡jv hy‡Mvc‡hvMx, cÖvq N›Uv 59

Lv‡bK a‡i Avgiv cÖvq cuPvbeŸB GKi Gi d¨v±ix wewìs Ges Gi Av‡k cv‡ki GjvKv Ny‡i †`Ljvg | gvbyl¸‡jv †ek eÜy fvevcbœ Ges fvjB jvMj Zv‡`i AvwZ‡_qZv | cwi`k©b †k‡l Bqvs¸‡bi c‡_ wd‡i Pjjvg | evsjv‡`k †_‡KB ï‡b G‡mwQjvg †h Bqvs¸‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡ki esM evRv‡ii gZ GKUv gv‡K©U Av‡Q | G‡K ewM gv‡K©U ejv nq | Gi bvg Avm‡j ewMIwK As mvb gv‡K©U | n‡iK iKg wRwb‡li wekvj mgvnvi GB evRv‡i | wekvj GjvKv wb‡q GUvi Ae¯’vb | Gi cv‡kB GKUv Ifvi weªR †_‡K †MvUv GjvKv †`Lv hvq | GLv‡b wgqvbgv‡i ˆZix wRwblc‡Îi cvkvcvwk Px‡bi I wKQy wKQy wRwbl cvIqv hvq | Z‡e weL¨vZ n‡jv wgqvbgv‡ii cv_‡ii Mnbv | wewfbœ ai‡bi cv_i I bKj cv_‡ii Mnbv GLv‡b iƒcv w`‡q evav‡bv AjsKvi wn‡m‡e wewµ nq | hviv cv_i e¨envi G Af¨¯— Zviv GB cv_‡ii Mqbvi †ek mgS`vi | Z‡e cv_i wPb‡Z nq I `vg †ek fvj fv‡e hvPvB Ki‡Z nq | gyjvgywj bv Ki‡j VKvi m¤¢vebv kZfvM Ges wewfbœ †`vKb hvPvB bv K‡i †Kbv †evKvgx | cÖvq N›Uv wZ‡bK Ny‡i wKQy cv_‡ii Mnbv wKbjvg, gwnjv‡`i RyZv †Kbv n‡jv K‡qK †Rvov | Rvgv Kvco †Zgb DbœZ bv | evsjv‡`‡ki Mv‡g©›Um Gi †P‡q fvj | †Kbv KvUvi ci bZyb bZyb Avi wK wRwbl cvIqv hvq †`L‡Z †ei njvg | †Zgb Avi wKQyB

†bB | GLv‡b fvlv mgm¨v †Zgb cÖKU bv | Bkviv

BswM‡Z K_v nq | K¨vjKz‡jU‡i evi‡MBb Kiv hvq | cwiev‡ii mevB wg‡j †`vKv‡b e‡m | m&¦vgx ¯¿x fvMvfvwM K‡i †`vKvb K‡i | †`vKvbx gyjZ ¯¿xiv, m¦vgxiv PycPvc e‡m _vv‡K | gwnjviv †ek PU c‡U I †µZv‡`i‡K AvKl©b Ki‡Z cv‡i, †`vKvb mvgjv‡bv, NiKvbœv, ev”Pv cvjb meB Giv GKmv‡_ †`vKv‡b e‡m Ki‡Q | bZyb †`k bZyb ixwZ | Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q bZyb AwfÁZv | Bqvs¸‡b nVvr K‡i kL n‡jv wm‡bgv n‡j wM‡q Qwe †`Le | U¨vw· wbjvg GKUv | U¨vw· WªvBfvi GKUy GKUy Bs‡iRx ey‡S | ejj, Avgv‡`i wWwRUvj n‡j wb‡q hv‡e | Zvi mv‡_ Av‡¯— Av‡¯— fve 60

Rgv‡Z Rgv‡Z Pjjvg | ejjvg †`‡ki wK Ae¯’v | Rvbjvg †h †m †mbvevwnbxi kvm‡b cÖPÛ wei³ I ÿy× | †`‡ki A_©bxwZ fvj †bB, gvbyl myLx bv | Avgiv Zv‡K GKUy Nywi‡q †`Lv‡Z ejjvg kniUv, †m wewfbœ RvqMvi cvk w`‡q Mvox Pvwj‡q wbj | iv¯—vq UªvwdK R¨vg ‡ekx bvB | feb¸‡jv my›`i fv‡e evbv‡bv, `vwi`ª †evSv hvq bv Z‡e c_Pvix‡`i †`L‡j g‡b nq Zviv myLx bv I Afve Av‡Q | Avgv‡`i‡K GKUv gv‡K©U GjvKvq wb‡q G‡jv | U¨vw· fvov w`jvg | wiR‡bej fvov | †mLv‡b †`wL fviZxq Qwe 'Zvj ' Pj‡Q | AevK nevi cvjv | Pvi wK cvuP Zvjv‡Z wm‡bgv nj wjd&U G K‡i DVjvg | my›`i I AZ¨vaywbK wWwRUvj wm‡bgv nj | A‡bKUv †QvU LvU AwW‡Uvwiqvg Gi gZ wU‡KU Avgv‡`i UvKvq 50 wK 100 UvKvi gZ A‡bK †jvKRb Qwe †`L‡Z Av‡m | wekvj c`v©q Zvj ïiæ n‡jv | Hk¦wiqv ivq Gi Qwe | mvDÛ G‡d± PgrKvi cÖ_‡g †f‡ewQjvg ïiæ K‡i P‡j Avme GZ fvj jvMj †h cy‡iv QweUvB †`Ljvg Qwei gv‡S weiZx‡Z ccKY© I †KvK †Ljvg, wfZ‡i †dixIqvjviv G‡m wewµ K‡i | iv‡Z Avevi †Uw· wb‡q †nv‡U‡j wd‡i Gjvg | †divi c‡_ †gvUvgywU me wKQyB eÜ n‡q †M‡Q †`Ljvg | Bqvs¸‡b mÜvi ci †nv‡U‡j Avm‡j GKUy nvuU‡Z †ei nZvg Avkcv‡ki GjvKvq | Av‡k cv‡k A‡bK¸‡jv †nv‡Uj Av‡Q | †m¸‡jv‡Z K¬ve, evi, wWm‡Kv BZ¨vw` Av‡Q | me wKQyB ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ ¯’vbxq Awaevmxiv †Zgb Av‡m bv | iv‡Zi †ejv nvuU‡Z nvuU‡Z GKUv †QvU †`vKv‡bi mvg‡b P‡j Gjvg | †`vKvbx GK Ziæbx †cQ‡bi GKUv cvwU©kv‡bi Icv‡i I‡`i _vKv I LvIqvi e¨e¯’v | †g‡qUv gymwjg, bvg wRÁvmv Kivq Rvb‡Z cvijvg | ivRavbx kn‡i gymwjgiv _v‡K †Zgb †Kvb mgm¨v Qvov Z‡e AvivKv‡b Giv †ek AZ¨vPvwiZ | G‡`i Avwaevm wQj gv‡jwkqv‡Z | evev wKsev `v`v we‡q K‡i GLv‡b ¯’vqx fv‡e emevm Ki‡Q | †Kvb mgm¨v nq wKbv wRÁvmv Kivq ejj †h bv †Kvb mgm¨v †bB | Zv‡`i †`vKv‡b evwg©R AvPvi †ZZy‡ji K¨vb, Rym jyw½ BZ¨vw` wewµ 61

nq | AvgivI ejjvg gymwjg, Lykx n‡jv | 1Uv ‡ZZy‡ji Rym wK‡b †Ljvg †ek gRv | GUv evgv©i GKUv weL¨vZ cvbxq | †`‡k †bqvi Rb¨ Av‡iv K‡qKUv wKbjvg | †ek wKQy AvPvi †Kbv n‡jv | gvqvbgv‡ii eiB I Av‡gi AvPvi evsjv‡`‡kI cvIqv hvq | GB mgq †`Ljvg †h GLv‡b jyw½ I wewµ nq evsjv‡`kx UvKvq 95 UvKv w`‡q GKUv jyw½ wKbjvg A‡bK eQi †ek Avivg K‡i GB jyw½ c‡iwQ | †`vKv‡b wKQyÿY Mí Kijvg | Rvb‡Z cvijvg GK RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq †h‡Z ¯’vbxq Kwgkbvi Gi AbygwZ cÎ jv‡M I Zv cywjk †PK K‡i | GB †`vKv‡bi Avq w`‡q G‡`i mvavib fv‡e Rxeb P‡j hvq | †Zgb Avnvgwi Rxeb bv, mij Abvi¤¦i Rxeb wb‡qB Giv Lykx | gv‡jwkqv hv‡e wKbv ejvq ejj bv GLv‡bB fvj | gvqvbgv‡ii Avgv‡`i w`b¸‡jv †kl n‡q G‡m‡Q | 9 wW‡m¤¦i 99 mKvj †ejv bv¯—v †m‡i e¨vM Rgv w`jvg †nv‡U‡ji jwe‡Z, †PK AvDU K‡i ev‡m D‡V emjvg | Avevi †mB Bqvs¸b Gqvi‡cvU© | AvR‡K Avgiv Bqvb¸b Gqvi I‡qR Gi BD we-225 wegv‡bi d¬vB‡U K‡i e¨vsKK hve | wWcviPvi jvDÄ mv`v

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76

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m¦vÿi †i‡L‡Q GB g~wZ©‡Z | evgb †m‡be ZrKvjxb ivR mfvi GKRb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwil` wQ‡jb | g~wZ©‡Z †m I Zvi cwievi‡K my›`i fv‡e cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡q‡Q | g~wZ©‡Z evgb wm‡be Gi ¯¿x evg nv‡Z Zv‡K a‡i i‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡`i `y‡Uv †Q‡j †g‡q evg‡bi ÿ~`ª cv‡qi Kv‡Q `vwo‡q Av‡Q | GB g~wZ©Uv Pybv cv_‡ii ‰Zix I is Kiv Ges GUv wMRv©i Dˇi †md‡ib Gi wcivwg‡Wi Kv‡Q wm‡be Gi mgvwa ¯—‡¤¢ cvIqv wM‡qwQj | †kL Avj-evjv` (cÂg ivR esk) t

GUv cÖvPxb ivRes‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖwm× GKUv

Kv‡Vi g~wZ© | GUv gnvb Gi g~wZ© Ges wZwb gnvb hvRK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb | g~wZ©Uv †`L‡j Zvi gnZ¡ †evSv hvq | g~wZ©i †PvL¸‡jv †KvqvU©R cv_‡i ˆZix I Zvgvi cvZ w`‡q emv‡bv | GUv mvBKv‡gvi Kv‡Vi 1Uv eøK ev LÛ †K‡U ˆZix Kiv n‡qwQj | Gi nvZ¸‡jv Avjv`v fv‡e ms‡hvwRZ I bvov‡bv hvq | 1860 mv‡j mv°vivn Gi Kv‡Q GUv Avwe¯K…Z nq, †mmgq kÖwgKiv GUv D×vi K‡iwQj | GUv Zv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i Mªv‡gi cÖavb Gi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q Ges Zviv GB g~wZ©‡K †kL Avj-evjv` bvg Kib K‡i | Gi A_© n‡jv †gq‡ii mnKvix Ges GB g~wZ©i GB bvgUv GL‡bv envj Av‡Q | cvbWywjwcKvi ‡jLK (PZy_© ivResk)t

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GB hyMj

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†gB`vg G iv‡nv‡Zc Gi mgvwa¯—‡¤¢ cvIqv wM‡qwQj | iv‡nv‡Zc †nwjI‡Mwj‡mi †miv hvRK wQj I †bvd‡iZ Zvi ¯¿x | `y‡Uv Avjv`v Pybvcv_‡ii PvuB ‡K‡U GB `y‡Uv g~wZ© ˆZix Kiv n‡qwQj Ges GB `y‡Uv g~wZ© GK mv‡_B ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ¯—yZ Kiv n‡qwQj | `y‡Uv g~wZ©‡ZB is 77

Gi e¨envi Av‡Q | †PvL¸‡jv Lye mh‡Zœ msiwÿZ Av‡Q †KvU‡i | g~wZ© `y‡Uv‡Z cÖvPxb wgkixq‡`i cyiæl I gwnjvi Mv‡qi is e¨env‡ii cv_©K¨ my¯úó fv‡e dz‡U D‡V | G QvovI ARmª g~wZ©, m¦Y© I Ab¨vb¨ e¨envh© AjsKvi I bvbvwea e¨envh© wRwb‡m wgDwRqvg ficyi | mviv c„w_ex †_‡K †jvKRb Avm‡Q Zv †`Lvi Rb¨ | KLb †h †`o N›Uv †K‡U †Mj †UiB cvBwb | g‡b n‡q‡Q GBZ wKQyÿb Av‡M Gjvg | hvK MvBW Avgv‡`i‡K ev‡mi Kv‡Q wb‡q G‡jv |

cieZx© Mš—e¨ n‡jv wMRv | wMRvi - wcivwgW †`Lv | wgDwRqvg †_‡K wMRv kn‡i †h‡Z 20/25 wgwbU jv‡M | kniUv g~jZt M‡o D‡V‡Q wcivwg‡Wi Ae¯’v‡bi Rb¨ Ges mewKQyB G‡K wN‡i AvewZ©Z | GLb A‡bK †`vKvb cvU, c¨vwcivm d¨v±ix I Ab¨vb¨ feb I evm¯’vb wb‡q wMRv kni M‡o D‡V‡Q | wcivwgW Gi GjvKv kni †_‡K cÖvq 40 dzU DPy | me Uy¨vwió evm GB D”PZvq G‡m GKRvqMvq R‡ov nq | ev‡mB wcivwgW †`Lvi wU‡KU †`qv nq 20 wgkixq cvDÛ | evm ‡_‡K bvgvi ci cÖ_‡g ZvcgvÎv mn¨ K‡i wb‡Z nq | †ek Mig Ges ay ay giægq GjvKv Ges Gi gv‡S mM‡e© gv_v DPy K‡i 3Uv wekvj wcivwgW I Ab¨vb¨ †QvU †QvU wcivwgW `vwo‡q Av‡Q | wekvj GjvKv Ry‡o Gi we¯—vi | Gi wekvjZv gvbyl‡K nZevK K‡i †`q | Gi g‡a¨ wecwË DU PvjK I wewfbœ nKvi, Uy¨wió‡`i‡K Zviv †Qu‡K a‡i | m¦vaxb fv‡e Pjv †ek `ytmva¨ n‡q D‡V ZLb | Z‡e `‡j _vK‡j Sv‡gjv GKUy Kg | mevB Qwe Zyj‡Q | Gw`‡K Iw`‡K ‡QvUvQywU Ki‡Q cÖPÛ Mi‡g | me‡P‡q eo wcivwgW †mIcm G KvR Pj‡Q †mLv‡b `k©bv_x©iv †h‡Z cv‡ibv | w`¦Zxq wcivwgW G wfo †j‡M Av‡Q | †KD †KD D‡Ui wc‡V D‡V Qwe Zyj‡Q Z‡e G ai‡bi Qwe †Zvjvi Av‡M me wKQy wVK K‡i wb‡Z nq wKQy VMevR †jvK Uy¨wió‡`i D‡Ui ev †Nvovi wc‡V GKv †M‡j Sv‡gjv K‡i I AwZwi³ UvKv cqmv Av`vq K‡i †bq | AvwgI D‡Ui cv‡k `vuwo‡q Qwe Zyjjvg I cvDÛ w`jvg D‡Ui gvwjK‡K |

78

GLb wcivwgW Gi K_vq Avmv hvK | MªxK ch©UK †n‡ivWyUvm wj‡LwQ‡jb †mIcm Zvi g„Zy¨i ci GK wekvj Kg© †i‡L wM‡q‡Qb Ges Zv n‡jv wcivwgW | †mIcm RvuKRg‡Ki mv‡_B wgk‡ii kvmb Kvh© cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zvi cÖRv‡`i‡K `vm wn‡m‡e wcivwgW ˆZix‡Z kÖg cÖ`v‡b eva¨ K‡iwQ‡jb | G‡`i †KD wb‡qvwRZ wQj Avivweqvb cvnvo †_‡K cv_i †K‡U bxj b` ch©š— †U‡b Avbvi Kv‡R Ges Zvici G me cÖ¯—i ¯—¤¢ Aci cv‡i wb‡q Avmv n‡Zv Ges Ab¨`j G¸‡jv‡K †U‡b wMRvi D”P f~wg‡Z wb‡q AvmZ | GB wekvj Kg©hÁ 3 gv‡mi G‡KKUv fv‡M m¤úbœ n‡Zv Ges GK GK fv‡M nvRvi nvRvi `vm KvR KiZ | †h iv¯—v w`‡q GB cv_‡ii PvuB¸‡jv †U‡b Avbv n‡Zv Zv ˆZix Ki‡ZB 10 eQi †j‡MwQj | GBfv‡e kÖgw`‡q GB wcivwgW ˆZix Ki‡Z 10 eQi †j‡M wQj |

wcivwgW Gi bx‡P f~Mf©¯’ mgvwa Kÿ ˆZix Kiv Av‡Q | wcivwgW Gi †em PZy‡¯‹vb eMv©Kvi | G‡KKUv evûi ˆ`N© cÖvq 246.26 wgUvi | wcivwgW ¸‡jv gm„b cv_‡ii PvB ewm‡q evbv‡bv n‡qwQj | Ges †Kvb cv_i LÛB 30 wd‡Ui Kg j¤¦v bv | wcivwgW ˆZixi KvR av‡c av‡c Kiv n‡qwQj | GK ¯—i nIqvi ci Ab¨ ¯—‡ii Rb¨ cv_i †U‡b DVv‡Z n‡Zv | Aek¨ GUv wb‡q A‡bK gZ‡f` Av‡Q | Gi wdwbwks n‡qwQj Dci †_‡K bx‡Pi w`‡K | 1g kZ‡K (L „t c~t) wmwmwji HwZnvwmK wWI‡Wvivm wgki åg‡b G‡mwQ‡jb wZwb wcivwg‡Wi wekvjZvq gy» n‡q G‡K mßg Avðv‡h©i GKwU wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡ib | wMRv gvmyl‡K gvby‡li nv‡Z Mov K‡g©i Øviv Awff~Z K‡i †`q | wgkixq GKUv cÖev` Av‡Q, mevB mgq‡K fq K‡i Ges mgq fq K‡i wcivwgW‡K Ges GUv wbN©vZ mZ¨ | Kvq‡ivi cÖvPxb mgvwaš’j GjvKvi eZ©gvb bvg wMRv| GUv cÖvq 2000 eM©wgUvi GjvKvi GKUv gvjf~wg | GLv‡b 3Uv wcivwgW h_vµ‡g †mIcm, †md‡ib I wgKvwibvg Ges wùsKm Aew¯’Z | †k‡lv³ wcivwg‡Wi 3Uv †QvU wcivwgW Av‡Q | GB wZbUv wcivwgW †KvbvKzwb fv‡e ¯’vwcZ Ges G‡`i Ae¯’vb Ggb †h Zviv †KD Aci `y‡Uv Ges m~‡h©i gv‡S evav wn‡m‡e `vuov‡bv †bB | cÖwZwU wcivwg‡Wi GjvKvq GKUv K‡i mgvwa gw›`i Av‡Q | †mIcm Gi Kg‡cø· eZ©gv‡b aŸsm cªvß Z‡e †md‡ib Gi A‡bK wKQyB D×vi 79

Kiv †M‡Q | †mIcm Gi wcivwgW GB wZbUv wcivwg‡Wi g‡a¨ m‡ev©”P | GUv 146 wgUvi DPy wQj | eZ©gv‡b GUv 137 wgUvi Ges Gi KvUv kxl© 10 eM© wgUv‡ii GKUv †¯‹vqvi GLb, eZ©gv‡b wcivwgW¸‡jvi evB‡ii gm„bZv †bB Zvi e`‡j †fZ‡ii cv_‡ii PvB †ewo‡q c‡o‡Q G¸‡jv Ge‡iv †_e‡iv | Gme PvB a‡i wcivwg‡Wi kx‡l© Kó K‡i Av‡ivnb Ki‡j Aeb©bxq wekvjZv wbR †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq hv mwZ¨ we‡gvwnZ K‡i | †mdi‡bi wcivwg‡Wi Pyovq GL‡bv wKQy gm„bZv †`Lv hvq †mUv wcivwg‡Wi g~j †Pnviv wQj | GUvi D”PZv †mIcm Gi wcivwg‡Wi mgvb cÖvq, Kvib Gi Pyov KvUv ev aŸsm nqwb Ges Gi †em Av‡M jvj MªvbvBU cv_‡ii wQj | wgKvwibv‡gi wcivwgW me‡P‡q †QvU Ges Gi D”PZv 66 wgUvi | GUv †gvUvgywU AÿZB Av‡Q ïaygvÎ evB‡ii gm„bZv †bB GLb | Gi

Af¨š—‡i g„‡Zi mgvwa K‡ÿ

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¯—y‡ci

bx‡P Pvcv c‡o wQj Ges A‡bK evi GUv‡K Lbb K‡i †ei Kiv n‡q‡Q | eZ©gv‡b GB g~wZ©Uvi gv_v A‡bKvs‡k ÿqcÖvß GUv wKQyUv evZvm Gi Øviv Ges wKQyUv gvgjyK‡`i Kvgv‡bi Ae`vb | Zviv Gi gv_vq Kvgv‡bi †Mvjvi mwVKZv cixÿv KiZ | wùsm Gi GjvKvq GLbI Lbb KvR Pj‡Q Ges A‡bK `k©bv_x©i fxo †mLv‡b | †fZ‡i hvIqvi Rbv miæ iv¯—v Av‡Q I ch©UKiv †mLv‡b wM‡q Gi wekvjZvi mv‡_ GKvZ¥ nq | GLv‡bB 80

†Lvjv gv‡Vi gZ GjvKvq nKviiv n‡iK iKg wRwbl weµq K‡i _v‡K | we‡klZ c¨vwciv‡mi wPÎ I wewfbœ ai‡bi wcivwgW m¤úwK©Z my¨‡fwbi | †fZ‡i Xy‡K iÿbv‡eÿ‡bi KvR †`Ljvg wekvj Av‡qvRb Pj‡Q | | A‡bK ch©UK GLv‡b Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Q gy» `„wó‡Z | wùsm †`Lvi ci Avgv‡`i cieZx© Mš—e¨ n‡jv c¨vwciv‡mi KviLvbv cwi`k©b | wMRv kn‡iB A‡bK c¨vwciv‡mi KviLvbv Av‡Q | KviLvbvq hvIqvi ci cÖ_‡g c¨vwcivm KvMR wKfv‡e evbv‡bv nq Zvi Dci mswÿß eY©bv †`qv n‡jv e³„Zvi gZ | Mv‡Qi KvÛ‡K cvZjv K‡i †K‡U GKUvi Dci GKUv ewm‡q Pvc w`‡q ivL‡Z nq c‡i Zv Avcbv Avcwb †j‡M hvq ivmvqwbK Dcv`v‡bi Dcw¯’wZi Kvi‡b | GKevi †j‡M †M‡j Zv Avi †Kvbµ‡gB bó nq bv | GB c¨vwciv‡mi Dci cÖvPxb wgkixqiv wjLZ I wewfbœ wPÎKjv AsKb KiZ | c¨vwcivm KviLvbvq ARmª wPÎ wkíxi AvuKv wgkixq cÖZxK I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvPxb Qwei wekvj msMªn i‡q‡Q | wPÎKiiv e‡m Av‡Q KviLvbvq Ges AW©vi †gvZv‡eK Zviv wPÎ Gu‡K w`‡”Q | A‡b‡K Qwe I bvg c¨vwciv‡m wj‡L w`‡Z AW©vi w`j | A‡b‡K K‡qKUv c¨vwciv‡m KvMR wK‡b wbj, KvMR¸‡jv cvZjv Z‡e fs¸i bv †ek †UKmB | A‡bK Av‡M eB‡Z cov c¨vwcivm KvM‡R AvuKv ¸wU KZK Qwe AvwgI wKbjvg m¥„wZ‡Z a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ | Zvici ev‡mi me †jvKRb my¨‡fwbi k‡c †Mj | Gme †`vKv‡b wcivwg‡Wi †QvU ms¯‹ib I Ab¨vb¨ UyKUvK my¨‡fwbi cvIqv hvq Z‡e `vg †ek Pov | Avwg wgki Gi Dci GKUv my›`i eB wKbjvg 4 cvDÛ `vg w`‡q | Gici †divi cvjv | Avevi Kvq‡iv kni bxjb` cvi n‡q giæf~wgi wfZi w`‡q wcPXvjv c‡_ †cvU© mvC` Gi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv njvg | †divi c‡_ m~h© A¯— hvw”Qj | giæf~wg‡Z m~hv©¯— †`L‡Z †`L‡Z †cvU© mvC` Gi DcK‡Ú †cŠ‡Q †Mjvg | hLb Avgiv †cvU© mvC‡` †cŠQvB ZLb mܨvi

Av‡jv R¡‡j D‡V‡Q | iv‡Zi kni Sjgj KiwQj Av‡jv‡Z |

Av‡jvi wgwQ‡ji gvS w`‡qB wgki Qy‡q Avmvi B”Qv ev¯—eZv †cj Avi AwfÁZvi Sywj‡Z bZyb Ávb mÂq n‡jv |

81

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we‡j‡Z wØZxq evi Gi AwfÁZv

84

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Gqvi‡cv‡U©i †Uwj‡dvb †_‡K | `ycyi †_‡K †m Avgv‡`i mgq w`‡e Zvi Av‡M Avgiv wb‡Riv Ny‡i wd‡i †`L‡Z cvwi | GKUv Mvox‡Z Avgiv †gv¯—dv kvgmyÏx‡bi †`vKv‡b Gjvg | Av‡M GKUv wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †óvi wQj GLb Gi wZbUv Ask, wekvj Av‡qvRb | UywKUvwK †Kbvi A‡bK wRwbl _v‡K ZvB Av‡¯— Av‡¯— Ny‡i †`L‡Z

_vKjvg | Av‡iKUv wPš—v n‡jv,

hvw”Q jÛ‡b, GLbB †evSv evov‡j Pj‡e bv | hw`I jÛb †_‡K †KbvKvUv †Zgb Kie bv | †QvULvU wRwblcÎ wKbjvg | 1997 mv‡ji Zybjvq wRwblc‡Îi `vg A‡bK †e‡o †M‡Q | †Mv‡ìi Avjv`v GKUv kwcs gj K‡i‡Q | my›`i wWm‡cø Z‡e Am¤¢e `vg †KbviI cøvb †bB | GKUv †`oUv ch©š— gj Gi Av‡k cv‡k †Nviv‡div Kijvg nvjKv †KbvKvUv n‡jv | I‡qóvi Nwo wKbjvg `yBUv, my›`i wWRvBb | `ycyi †ejv mvjvgmn Avgiv fviZxq GKUv †ióy‡i‡›U gRv K‡i Lvevi †Ljvg | mvjvg Avg‡`i †nvó, Avgv‡`i‡K †c Ki‡Z w`jbv | Zvici Mvox‡Z K‡i wKQy `k©bxq ¯’vb †`Lvi cøvb Kijvg | wmsMvcy‡i ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ A‡bK e¨e¯’v Av‡Q | cÖavb cÖavb AvB‡Ug n‡jv Ryis evW© cvK©, AvÛvi mx Iqvì, bvBU mvdvix, mv‡Ûvlv AvBj¨vÛ, mÜvq †jRvi †kv BZ¨vw` meB Av‡Q †m †`‡k | †QvÆ †`k me wKQy cøvb gvwdK mvRv‡bv I cwi”Qbœ | mevB †hb †`kUv‡K cwi®‹vi ivLvi Rb¨ e× cwiKi | iv¯—v Nv‡U gqjv †KD †d‡j bv | Wvówe‡b wM‡q †d‡j Av‡m | †QvÆ †`k, iv¯—vi cv‡ki Aí RvqMv‡Z wKsev wWfvBWv‡i MvQ I dzj Gi Pvl n‡”Q | mviv †`k my›`i jvM‡Q dz‡j I mey‡R QvIqv | wVK n‡jv kniUv GKUv P°i w`‡q Ryis evW© cv‡K©

hve | Avwg Av‡MI

GLv‡b G‡mwQjvg, Avgiv wmsMvcyi ‡cvU© GjvKv Ny‡i evW© cv‡K© Gjvg | g‡bv †i‡j P‡o cy‡iv cvK© P°i

w`jvg | wmwo †e‡q Dc‡i DV‡Z nq | wcjvi Gi Dci GKUv jvBb

†mLv‡b †QvU †QvU ewM jvMv‡bv cvuP/QqUv †ókb Av‡Q wewfbœ †ók‡b †b‡g Av‡k cv‡ki cvwL †`Lv hvq Ges jvBd †kv‡Z hvIqv hvq | mgq Gi m¦íZvi Rb¨ Avgiv †Kvb †kv †`L‡Z cvwiwb Z‡e †ij G K‡i †gvUvgywU cy‡iv GjvKvUv Ny‡i †`Ljvg | evB‡i †ek Mig wQj Rym I cvwb wK‡b †Ljvg | †`L‡Z †`L‡Z cvuPUv †e‡R †Mj | mÜvi ci Avgv‡`i Gqvi †cv‡U© wi‡cvwUs | Av‡¯— Av‡¯— evB‡i G‡m cÖ¯—ywZ wbjvg | Gqvi †cv‡U© G‡m jv‡MR msMªn Kijvg Zvici †Kbv wRwblcÎ ¸‡jv †mLv‡b XyKvjvg | †cø‡bi mgq cÖvq n‡q hvw”Qj 86

| `ªæZ Avgiv me dgv©wjwUR †kl Kijvg | wmsMvcy‡ii GKUv w`b `ªæZ I e¨¯—Zvi g‡a¨ †kl n‡q †Mj |

jÛ‡bi c‡_ t †cø‡b DVvi c‡iB †d«k UvI‡qj w`j | nvZ gy‡Li Nvg gy‡Q wbjvg | †d«m jvM‡Q GLb | wKQyÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ wWbvi mvf© Kij | †cøb †gvUvgywU fwZ©, GZ †jvKRb jÛb hvq | wWbvi K‡i Nyg w`jvg | Av‡¯— Av‡¯— †cø‡bi †fZ‡ii Av‡jvI Kwg‡q w`j | †cø‡bi emvi e¨e¯’v †ek Avivg`vqK Z‡e B‡Kvbwg K¬v‡mi GKUy Pvcv Pvwc Av‡QB | Gqvi †nv‡óm hLb Avevi bv¯—v mvf© Ki‡Z jvMj ZLb Rvbjvg N›Uv Lv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ Avgiv jÛj wn_‡iv wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY Kie | wn_‡iv‡Z hLb †cøb j¨vÛ K‡i ZLb ¯’vbxq mgq mKvj cvuPUvi gZ, Pvwiw`‡K ZLbI AÜKvi | Av‡¯— Av‡¯—

†b‡g Bwg‡Mªkb Gi w`‡K AvMvjvg | GLv‡b

Bwg‡Mªkb †ek KovKwo g‡b n‡jv | wmsMvcy‡ii †jvKRb‡KI A‡bK cÖkœ Ki‡Q | Avgv‡`i wfmv BZ¨vw` Awdwmqvj, †Zgb †Kvb mgm¨v QvovB †ei n‡q Gjvg | evB‡i G‡mB †`Ljvg Avgv‡`i wW‡dÝ GUvwP weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij RvKvwiqv Avgv‡`i‡K wiwmf Ki‡Z `vuwo‡q Av‡Qb | Avgiv‡Zv AevK | GZ mKv‡j Dwb †Kv_v †_‡K G‡jb ? Kvib Zvu‡K wgwbgvg ivZ PviUvq WªvBf K‡i Gqvi‡cv‡U© Avm‡Z n‡q‡Q | hvK jv‡MR msMªn K‡i m¨v‡ii Avbv Mvox‡Z Avgiv m¨v‡ii evmvi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv njvg | GZÿ‡Y †fv‡ii Av‡jv dzU‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q | wn_‡iv Gqvi †cvU© A‡bK eo | Avwg 1993 †Z G‡`‡k GKevi G‡mwQjvg | wekvjZv Av‡Q Z‡e cyiv‡bv fve mew`‡K | PK PK Ki‡Q bv wn_‡iv Gqvi †cvU© | Z‡e hv Av‡Q cwi®‹vi I mvRv‡bv | Avgv‡`i `y‡Uv Mvox jvMj mv‡_ Pvi/cvuP w`‡bi Rb¨ gvjcÎI Av‡Q | ZvQvov kxZ e‡j kx‡Zi Kvco †Pvco A‡bK RvqMv `Lj K‡i †i‡L‡Q | Gqvi †cvU© †_‡K jÛb kni †ek `y‡i †g‡Uªv ev cvZvj †i‡jiI hvIqv hvq | N›UvLv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ Avgiv evmvq G‡m †cŠQvjvg | m¨vi I fvexi mv‡_ Mí K‡i bv¯—v Kivjg | evmvUv †ek my›`i Wy‡cø·, †cQ‡b A‡bK †Lvjv RvqMv Av‡Q | Dc‡i wZbUv iæg bx‡P wZbUv iæg mv‡_ wK‡Pb Uq‡jU | fvj e¨e¯’v | AvenvIqv VvÛv, R¨v‡KU ci‡Z nq | evsjv‡`k †_‡K 87

R¨v‡KU wb‡q wM‡qwQjvg | evmvUv n¨v‡iv GjvKvq | jÛ‡bi DËi cwð‡g | bv¯—vi ci mevB GKUy evB‡i †eiæ‡Z PvBj | Avwg gvbmyivi dzcvZ fvB †njvj fvB Ges †mwjg gvgvi evmvq hvIqvi Rb¨ †iwW njvg evsjv‡`k †_‡K Zvu‡`i Rb¨ wKQy Lvevi †`qv n‡qwQj | RvKvwiqv m¨vi Avgv‡K AvÛvi MªvDÛ †ók‡b wb‡q Avmj | Avwg ejjvg †h GB wUD‡e Avwg eû ågb K‡iwQ | Avgv‡K mÜvi c‡i cvK© GjvKv w`‡q †h‡Z wb‡la Kij | kn‡ii GK`g GK cÖv‡š— e‡j †ókb †ek wbR©b | †Kgb †hb PycPvc mewKQy | GKRb wU‡KU we‡µZv me †`Lvïbv Ki‡Q | Avwg Ab¨ cÖv‡š—i Av‡iKUv wU‡KU KvUjvg wiUvb© wU‡KU Zvici wKQyÿ‡bi g‡a¨ Mvox‡Z D‡V emjvg | wUDe †Uªb¸‡jv GLv‡b gvwUi Dci w`‡q P‡j | GjvKv Kg RbemwZc~Y© | Pvwicvk †`L‡Z †`L‡Z Pjjvg | Avwg GK †_‡K †Rvb wZb ch©š— me †ókb I Av‡k cv‡ki GjvKv wPbZvg GUv bq b¤¦i †Rv‡b ZvB bZyb jvMwQj | Z‡e KbmUªvKkb ¸‡jv cyiv‡bv, jÛ‡b bZybZ¡ I AvKvk †Qvuqv feb †Zgb †ekxbv | †Uª‡b hvÎxI AZ¨š— Kg | Avwg GKvB GK wm‡U e‡m AvwQ †hLv‡b hvw”Q †mLv‡bI bZyb | Avgv‡K †mwjg gvgv GKUv †ók‡bi Gw·‡U `vuov‡Z ejj Ges †mLvb †_‡K K‡qb e· Gi †dv‡b wis w`‡Z ejj | †mB Abyhvqx Avwg †ók‡b A‡cÿv KiwQjvg Zvici gvgv G‡m Zvui Mvox‡Z K‡i evmvq wb‡q †M‡jb | †njvj fvB m¦cwiev‡i g¨vb‡Póvi †_‡K G‡m‡Qb | ZvQvov Zvui eo fvqiv fvB I G‡m‡Qb | †gvUvgywU evmvq Pvu‡`i nvU Avwg Zv‡`i †evb RvgvB Av‡M †`Lv nqwb ZvB mevi AvMªn | wRwbl¸‡jv w`‡Z Lvivc Avb‡j fvj

jvMj | Av‡iv wKQy

wQj | Avwg Avm‡j Av‡M wPš—v Kwiwb Gme | ZvQvov R¨v‡KUUv bZyb Z‡e

†avqvi d‡j is D‡V †M‡Q Avgvi †cvlvK Bsj¨v‡Û weeY© g‡b nw”Qj | hvK `ycyi‡ejv Zvu‡`i AvwZ‡_qZvq

wQjvg | weKvj‡ejv Avgv‡K gv‡K©‡U wb‡q †Mj | Avwg `yB wZbUv

†Ljbv wKbjvg Ibviv `vg w`‡q w`j GKUvi | ZvQvov Avgv‡K kvU© wMd&U Kij j¾vB †cjvg | fvj jvMj Zvu‡`i AvwZ‡_qZv, Avš—wiK wQ‡jb Zvuiv | Bsj¨v‡Ûi U¨vm‡Kv wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †óv‡i Avwg Av‡M wM‡qwQ A‡bK | GUv ga¨we‡Ëi Rb¨ Gev‡iiUv GKUy DbœZ g‡b n‡jv | wRwbl c‡Îi `vg cÖ_g we‡k¦i `v‡gi gZB Kv‡RB Avgv‡`i †KvbvKvUv †evKvgxi bvgvš—i | iv‡Zi Lvevi I GLv‡b †Ljvg | c‡i Avgv‡K ejj GZ`y‡i wUD‡e G 88

iv‡Z hvIqv wVK n‡ebv ZvB Zvuiv gvB‡µv‡Z K‡i Avgv‡K RvKvwiqv m¨v‡ii evmvq †cŠ‡Q w`‡Z †iwW n‡jb | A‡bK `y‡ii c_ | ZvB g¨vc mv‡_ wb‡jb | g¨vc †`‡LB jÛ‡b PjvPj Ki‡Z nq | iv‡Zi †ejv G‡m Nywg‡q †Mjvg | AvMvgxKvj Avgiv Avgv‡`i GK fvB Gi evmvq hve | Dwb Avgv‡`i GKRb G· Awdmv‡ii fvB | Zvui evmv‡ZB Avgv‡`i _vKvi K_v wQj |

10 Uvi w`‡K fvB Mvox wb‡q

G‡jb | GB iv¯—vq Dwb Av‡M KL‡bv

Av‡mbwb | iv‡Z wWDwU wQj ZvB †Pv‡L Nyg Nyg fve | cÖvq †`o N›Uvi gZ jvMj fvB Gi evmvq

†h‡Z | evmv †_‡K Avav gvB‡ji g‡a¨ GKUv wUDe †ókbI Av‡Q Z‡e Zv‡Z Kg

hvÎx PjvPj K‡i e‡j mÜvq eÜ n‡q hvq | evmvUv ‡ek my›`i Av‡k cv‡k me Wy‡cø· evox, fvj GjvKv | iv¯—v NvU cwi”Qbœ | mKvj †ejv †ivW dvuKv wQj | Avgiv Avm‡Z Avm‡ZB e„wó, Syg e„wó n‡jv wKQyÿY | Gw›Uª‡Z †QvÆ GKUy c¨v‡mR GLv‡b mevB RyZv I evB‡ii Kvco †Pvco Ly‡j wK¬b n‡q N‡i Xy‡K | Ni gqjv n‡j †gBbwUb Kiv Kó e‡j mevB GLv‡b hZUv m¤¢e ¸wQ‡q ivLvi †Póv K‡i | Avgiv wZbRb Ni Mig K‡i †djjvg | fvex †ek Avš—wiK | I‡`i GK †Q‡j GK †g‡q | †Q‡jUv †QvU | fvB †gvUvgywU fvj Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Q | wb‡Ri evox | fvexiv Av‡MB GLvbKvi bvMwiK GLb fvBI GKRb weªwUk bvMwiK, bx‡Pi Zvjvq WªBs iæg Giv G‡K wjwfs iæg e‡j, wmwo I WvBwbs iæg, fvexi evmvi wcQ‡b GK wPj‡Z RvqMv | GLv‡b wewfbœ iKg kvK mâxi Pvl nq | KvuPv gwiP, Ugv‡Uv †`Ljvg my›`i fv‡e Mv‡Q djš— | fvB-fvexi ms‡M wKQyÿb Mí n‡jv | Dc‡ii wZbUv iæ‡gi g‡a¨ GKUv Avgv‡`i Rb¨ Lvwj K‡iwQ‡jb, fvexi †QvU †evb I †eov‡Z G‡m‡Q | e¨_iæg I Uq‡jU gvÎ GKUv, GB evmvq GUvB mgm¨v | Z‡e Uq‡jU I ev_iæg Avjv`v | fvex A‡bK Avš—wiK Avgv‡`i Rb¨ A‡bK ivbœv evbœv K‡i‡Qb gRv K‡i †Ljvg | we‡K‡j wKQyÿb †ió wb‡q Avgiv †ei njvg | fvB Avgv‡`i UvIqvi weªR I jÛ‡bi eo bvMi †`vjvi cvk w`‡q wb‡q †Mj‡b I Av‡k cv‡ki GjvKv Ny‡i †`Lv‡jb | evsjv‡`kx‡`i cieZx© †Rbv‡kb AvB‡WbwUwU µvBwm‡m fyM‡Q | Lye KgB cov‡kvbvq fvj Ki‡Z cvi‡Q †ewki fvM WªvM G Avm³ n‡q eLv‡U n‡q hv‡”Q | GUv mZ¨B `ytLRbK | AvR we‡K‡j Avgiv †nv‡U‡j P‡j hve | †Kv¤úvbx †_‡K Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Mvox Avmj | GRIqvi †iv‡Wi 89

GKUv †nv‡U‡j Avgv‡`i _vKvi e¨e¯’v n‡q‡Q | mÜvi w`‡K †nv‡U‡j Gjvg | GRIqvi †ivW Av‡Mi gZB Av‡Q Z‡e cyiv‡bv jvM‡Q mewKQy | GUv †gvUvgywU †m›Uªvj jÛ‡bi GjvKv | †nv‡U‡ji iægUvq GKUv LvU ivLvi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q | ‡m›Uªvj wnwUs Dc‡i GKUv wUwf †QvU Uq‡jU | PvcvPvwc K‡i evbv‡bv GB †nv‡Uj fvov cÖvq 50 cvDÛ Gi gZ | AevK n‡q †Mjvg | _vKv †ek evqeûj GÛ †eªKdvó A_¨v©r mKvj Gi bv¯—v Gi wej Gi mv‡_ mshy³ | †nv‡U‡j †mU n‡q †L‡Z †ei njvg | iv¯—vq R‡g hvIqv cvwb †`‡L gb Lvivc jvMj | jÛb A‡bK cyiv‡bv n‡q †M‡Q | hw`I †givg‡Zi KvR Pj‡Q ZeyI bZybZ¡ I AvaywbKZv Av‡¯— Av‡¯— nªvm cv‡”Q | Avgiv †KGdwm‡Z wWbv‡i †Mjvg | †K›UvwK dªvBW wP‡Kb †ek gRvi Ges GLv‡b Avwg Av‡MI GUv †LZvg | wZbRb ZvB d¨vwgwj mvBR AW©vi w`jvg | GK evjwZ d«vBW wP‡Kb, GMv‡iv wcm mv‡_ †KvK, †d d«vB, mm BZ¨vw` me GMv‡iv wK evi cvDÛ `vg | cÖPÛ fxo A‡bK gvbyl jvBb w`‡q `vuwo‡q Av‡Q Avgiv GK KYv©‡i wM‡q Av‡¯— Av‡¯— wWbvi †kl Kijvg | Zvici Av‡k cv‡ki GjvKv Nyijvg | †`vKvb cvU wKQy wKQy †Lvjv Av‡Q | GKUv †QvU wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †óv‡i XyKjvg | wRwbl cÎ †`LwQ nVvr †`wL evsjv K_v ej‡Q K‡qKRb †Q‡j | Avgiv evsjv‡`k †_‡K G‡mwQ †R‡b Lykx n‡jv | Giv mevB fvj d¨vwgwji †Q‡j GLv‡b co‡Z G‡m‡Q | GLb KvR K‡i cov‡jLv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q †ek Kó n‡”Q | Avgv‡`i‡K ejj GLv‡b Giv mÜvi mgq G‡m KvR K‡i, †`vKvb ¸wQ‡q w`‡q hvq | GKUv Bû`xi †`vKvb GUv Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q fvj g~j¨ †`q I Zvi †`vKvb †_‡K Giv hw`

wKQy †K‡b Z‡e `k fvM wWmKvD›U cvq Giv

Avgv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i GB myweav †`Iqvi Rb¨ D‡V c‡o jvMj | wKQy PK‡jU wKbjvg Zv‡`i wWmKvD›U myweav wb‡q | ejj bv Rvwb‡q ‡Kvb wKQy †hb GLvb †_‡K bv †bB | mÜvq Iiv _vK‡j Avgiv †hb wRwblcÎ wKwb | Avgvi Av‡M mevB wg‡j Avgv‡`i‡K PK‡jU Gi GKUv K‡i c¨v‡KU w`‡qwQj Iiv †Kvb `vg †bqwb A‡bK †m‡awQjvg | ciw`b mKvj †ejv Avgiv wn_‡iv Gqvi †cv‡U©i Kv‡Q Iqvi nvD‡R Gjvg | GLv‡b gvjcÎ ivLvI A‡bK Li‡Pi e¨vcvi me wKQy g¨vKvwbK¨vj h‡š¿ KvR n‡”Q gvbyl Lye Kg |

90

g¨v‡bR‡g›U †ek fvj | Avgiv Avgv‡`i wRwblc‡Îi †jv‡Kk‡b †Mjvg †hLv‡b †jv‡Kkb wgwj‡q Avgv‡`i mvg‡b wRwbl¸‡jv wb‡q G‡jv | mviv w`‡bi KvR | `ycy‡i Av‡k cv‡ki †nv‡U‡j nvjKv jv K‡i wbjvg | cvwb mv‡_ wQj | ciw`bI Avgiv mKvj †_‡K weKvj ch©š— KvR Kwi | Gici w`b G‡`i DBK GÛ | Avgv‡`i‡K mKvj †ejv ‡nv‡Uj †_‡K wcK K‡i | Zvici Kv‡i K‡i †K‡›Ui w`‡K hvÎv ïiæ nq | Avwg †Uª‡b jÛb †_‡K †K‡›U Av‡M AvmZvg GLv‡bB jRwnj K¨v¤ú G Avwg GKmgq cÖwkÿY †bB | G e¨vcv‡i cÖ_g wejvZ ågb As‡k Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q | cÖvq GMv‡iv eQi ci Avevi Av‡Mi RvqMvq Avmv †Kgb †hb jvMwQj Z‡e Av‡M †Uª‡b G‡mwQjvg Gevi Kv‡i K‡i †mB GKB cÖwkÿY cÖwZôv‡b Gjvg | GUv GLb eÜ | GUv‡K wewµ K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q | K¨v¤ú jÛ‡bi Kv‡Q P‡j †M‡Q | GLv‡b wRwblcÎ wewµi Rb¨ GKUv BDwbU Av‡Q Giv ißvwb msµvš— KvR I mn‡hvMxZv K‡i _v‡K | †mB cvnv‡oi cv‡k `vuovjvg, K¬vm iæg GjvKvq †Mjvg, cyiv‡bv BbóªvKUi‡`i Qwe †`Ljvg | bóvjwRK njvg we‡`‡k G‡m | Giv A‡bK cÖ¨vKwUKvj | `ªæZ KvR Kg© †kl K‡i Avgv‡`i‡K A‡bKUv †Rvi K‡i eywS‡q w`j wRwbl¸‡jv | Gevi †divi cvjv | jÛ‡b G‡m GKUv weªwUk †nv‡U‡j Bswjk Lvevi †L‡Z

Gjvg | weªwUk UªvwWkb

†g‡b Lvevi w`j | fvjB jvMj †`kx Lvevi GLb c„w_exi me RvqMvq cvIqv hvq e‡j we‡`kx Lvevi †L‡Z nq bv evsMvjx‡`i‡K | Z‡e bZyb †`‡k G‡j †m †`‡ki Lvev‡ii m¦v` †P‡L †`Lv `iKvi | iv‡Zi †ejv GKUv BwÛqvb †ióy‡i‡›U †Mjvg | gvwjK evsjv‡`kx GLv‡b I‡qUvi K‡qKRb Avgv‡`i †`kx | GKRb †`Ljvg ïK‡bv I eq®‹ cÖvq 20 eQi a‡i jÛ‡b Av‡Q | AwK©‡U± covKvjxb GLv‡b P‡j G‡m‡Q | †`‡k eD I †g‡q Av‡Q 20 eQi †`Lv †bB | †h‡Z cv‡i bv | UvKv cvVvq | GLv‡b myweav Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv | GKUv †Kvm© †k‡l Ab¨ †Kv‡m© fwZ© nq Gfv‡e jÛ‡b `ytmn Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Q Lye Lvivc jvMj ï‡b | we‡`k bv‡gi †mvbvi nwiY KZ Rxeb‡K †h Mªvm K‡i‡Q Zvi Lei †K iv‡L | ivYxi cÖvmv` evwKsnvg c¨v‡j‡m bv †M‡jB bq | Av‡Mi evi Mvox‡Z Avwmwb wUD‡e G‡mwQjvg ZvB Mvox cvwK©s Gi Sv‡gjv †_‡K gy³ wQjvg | cÖvmv` †_‡K eû `y‡i Mvox †i‡L †nu‡U †nu‡U †Mjvg | mKvj †ejv | ZeyI cÖPÛ 91

fxo

1993 mv‡jI fxo wQj Z‡e Gevi

ch©U‡Ki cwigvb g‡b nq A‡bK †ekx | mevB wK¬K K‡i Qwe Zyj‡Q Gi wewfbœ gby‡g›U I †MBU

Gi mvg‡b | MvW© cwieZ©‡bi †h AvbyôvwbKZv Zv †`Lvi gZ | c‡i †`Ljvg GZ

RUjv †mB MvW© cwieZ©b Abyôvb †`Lvi Rb¨ | evwKsnvg cÖvmv` Gi BwZnvm A‡bK cyiv‡bv | GUv 1703 mv‡j wWDK Ae evwKsnv‡gi Rb¨ wbgv©b Kiv n‡qwQj | cieZx©‡Z ivRv Z„Zxq RR© GUv Zvi ivYx K¨v‡ivwjb Gi Rb¨ wK‡b †bb | 1820 mv‡j ivRv PZy_© RR© Rb bvm‡K GKUv ivóªxq cÖvmv` wbgv©b Ki‡Z e‡jb |

eZ©gv‡bi †m ¯’vcZ¨ Kjv I

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wKQy Ask g~‡j¨i wewbg‡q

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