Balancing Ionic Bonds - Binary Compounds
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Balancing Ionic Bonds
What is a chemical formula? • A chemical formula is like a ‘word’ that stands for one type of chemical compound. • The ‘word’ is made up of atoms represented by symbols (the ‘letters’ that make up the word) • Examples: – The formula for water is H2O – The formula for table sugar is C12H22O11 – The formula for aspirin is C9H8O4
How do you know how many atoms are in a compound? • Note: The little numbers are called subscripts and tell you how many atoms you have of each element. – Table sugar, C12H22O11, has 12 C atoms, 22 H atoms, and 11 O atoms
What is an oxidation number? • To balance chemical formulas you need to know oxidation numbers. • An oxidation number is the charge that results when the atom loses or gains electrons to become more stable. – Don’t forget: An atom is more stable when it has 8 valence electrons (or if it has 2 valence electrons if it has two total electrons) – More simply, an oxidation number is the charge of the ion that forms.
What is an oxidation number? • Oxidation Numbers/Charges of Atoms Group 1 Form 1+ ions Group 2 Form 2+ ions Group 16 Form 2- ions Group 17 Form 1- ions
How do you name compounds? • To name compounds: – The first part is the name of the compound. – The second part is the name of the nonmetal. – Drop the end of the nonmetal and add an ‘ide’
• • • • •
Examples: Metal nonmetal-ide Sodium chloride Barium bromide Potassium iodide
Binary Ionic Compounds
Vocabulary • Ion- atom with a net charge because it has a different number of protons and electrons (it has either gained or lost electrons) • Cation- positively charged ion • Anion- negatively charged ion
What do I have to be able to predict? • • • •
Group 1 metals form 1+ ions Group 2 metals form 2+ ions Group 16 nonmetals form 2- ions Group 17 nonmetals form 1- ions
What is the difference between a symbol and a subscript? 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2 • • •
C is the symbol for carbon O is the symbol for oxygen There are 2 oxygen atoms in CO2
•
Compounds do not have a net charge!
What is a chemical formula? • A chemical formula is like a ‘word’ that stands for one type of chemical compound. • The ‘word’ is made up of atoms represented by symbols (the ‘letters’ that make up the word) • Examples: – The formula for water is H2O – The formula for table sugar is C12H22O11 – The formula for aspirin is C9H8O4
How do you know how many atoms are in a compound? • Note: The little numbers are called subscripts and tell you how many atoms you have of each element. – Table sugar, C12H22O11, has 12 C atoms, 22 H atoms, and 11 O atoms
What is an oxidation number? • To balance chemical formulas you need to know oxidation numbers. • An oxidation number is the charge that results when the atom loses or gains electrons to become more stable. – Don’t forget: An atom is more stable when it has 8 valence electrons (or if it has 2 valence electrons if it has two total electrons) – More simply, an oxidation number is the charge of the ion that forms.
What is an oxidation number? • Oxidation Numbers/Charges of Atoms Group 1 Form 1+ ions Group 2 Form 2+ ions Group 16 Form 2- ions Group 17 Form 1- ions
How do you name compounds? • To name compounds: – The first part is the name of the compound. – The second part is the name of the nonmetal. – Drop the end of the nonmetal and add an ‘ide’
• • • • •
Examples: Metal nonmetal-ide Sodium chloride Barium bromide Potassium iodide
Binary Ionic Compounds
Vocabulary • Ion- atom with a net charge because it has a different number of protons and electrons (it has either gained or lost electrons) • Cation- positively charged ion • Anion- negatively charged ion
What do I have to be able to predict? • • • •
Group 1 metals form 1+ ions Group 2 metals form 2+ ions Group 16 nonmetals form 2- ions Group 17 nonmetals form 1- ions
What is the difference between a symbol and a subscript? 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2 • • •
C is the symbol for carbon O is the symbol for oxygen There are 2 oxygen atoms in CO2
•
Compounds do not have a net charge!
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