Bahrain History Chpt.7
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ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ – ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ :ﺣﺴﲔ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ٢٠٠٨ / (١ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ: ﺃﻭﻻﹰ :ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ: -١ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺭﻓﻌﺔ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ. -٢ﺍﻟﻌﺩل ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻥ. -٣ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﻔﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ. -٤ﺘﻜﻔل ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺤﺭﻤﺔ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ. -٥ﺘﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻜﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻲ. -٦ﺘﺭﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻭﻥ. ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ :ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ: ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺜﻲ ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺍﺭﺙ ،ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﻫﻭ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻤﺼﻭﻨﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻤﺱ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﹼﺤﺔ.
ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ :ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ: ﻗﺭﺭ ﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﹼل. ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎﹰ :ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ: ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻴﻥ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﻀﻴﻬﺎ. (٢ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ: • ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻨﻲ: -١ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻨﻭﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ. -٢ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻨﻲ. -٣ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻼﺤﻕ ﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ.
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ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ – ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ :ﺣﺴﲔ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ٢٠٠٨ / • ﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ: ﺃﻭﻻﹰ :ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ: ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻟﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺱ ﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ. ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ :ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ: ﺸﻬﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜﹼﻠﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺭﻯ ﻋﺎﻡ ١٩٩٢ﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻭﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ. ﻤﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ: -١ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ. -٢ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺔ ﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ. (٣ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ: -١ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭﻴﺔ :ﻭﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺠﺔ. -٢ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻴﺔ :ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ١٨ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻴﺔ. -٣ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺩﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭﻴﺔ :ﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺠﺔ. -٤ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ :ﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ. -٥ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ :ﻜﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﺼﺩﻗﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺨﻴﻥ. -٦ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ :ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ٩ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٠٠٢ﻡ. -٧ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﺌﺱ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ :ﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺸﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ.
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ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ :ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ: ﻗﺭﺭ ﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﹼل. ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎﹰ :ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ: ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺼﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻴﻥ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﻀﻴﻬﺎ. (٢ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ: • ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻨﻲ: -١ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻨﻭﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ. -٢ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻨﻲ. -٣ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻼﺤﻕ ﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ.
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ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ – ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ :ﺣﺴﲔ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ٢٠٠٨ / • ﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ: ﺃﻭﻻﹰ :ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ: ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻟﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺱ ﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺴﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ. ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ :ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ: ﺸﻬﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜﹼﻠﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺭﻯ ﻋﺎﻡ ١٩٩٢ﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻭﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ. ﻤﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ: -١ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ. -٢ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺃﺓ ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺔ ﺴﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ. (٣ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ: -١ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭﻴﺔ :ﻭﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺠﺔ. -٢ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻴﺔ :ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ١٨ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻴﺔ. -٣ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺩﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺭﻴﺔ :ﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﺠﺔ. -٤ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ :ﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ. -٥ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ :ﻜﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﺼﺩﻗﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺨﻴﻥ. -٦ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ :ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ٩ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٠٠٢ﻡ. -٧ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﺌﺱ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ :ﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺸﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ.
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