BACKGROUND LATE COLONIAL SPANISH AMERICA SPANISH AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS CHANGE OF DYNASTY – SPAIN – HABSBURG TO BOURBON GRANDSON OF LOUIS XIV – FIRST BOURBON KING – PHILIP V CHANGES IN EUROPE AND SPANISH AMERICA ADMINISTRATIVE AND FISCAL REFORMS – REORGANIZATION HOW TO INCREASE REVENUES FROM THE COLONIES BETTER METHODS OF REVENUE COLLECTION ELIMINATION OF CONTRABAND HOW TO PROTECT THE EMPIRE HOW TO EXPAND COMMERCIAL RELATIONS WITH THE COLONIES CROWN PURSUED STRATEGIES TO ACCOMPLISH THOSE OBJECTIVES BOURBON REFORMS CONFLICT BETWEEN CREOLES (CRIOLLOS) AND PENINSULARES ENLIGHTMENT REVOLTS AND REBELLIONS