Bab 4 Hasil Dan Pembahasan.docx

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BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Hasil

Gambar 4.8. DBB Sepeda Motor

Gambar 4.8. DBB Sepeda Motor

8,5 in

Gambar 4.9. DBB Roda Belaka

LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM DISAIN ELEMEN MESIN 2

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Rm

Gambar 4.10.DBB rem cakram.

Fn

caliper P

Tekanan kaki

piston

Minyak rem

Piringancakram

Pedal

Gambar 4.11.DBB sistem rem cakram.

LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM DISAIN ELEMEN MESIN 2

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Tabel 4.2. Data Percepetan dari pengereman No

Kecepatan Km

Waktu Percepatan (a) /s

(detik)

(m/s)

m

/jam

1

10 - 0

2,77 – 0

3

-0,923

2

15 - 0

4,16 -0

4

-0,695

3

30 - 10

8,33–2,77

8

-1,04

Rata-rata

-0,886

4.2 Pembahasan Dari data di atas diketahui: Masa sepeda motor dan seluruh muatan m01 = 70 Kg m02 = 60 Kg m03 = 60 Kg mmk = 138 Kg mf = 900Kg/m3 x 0,004 m3 = 3.6 Kg mb = 20 Kg Beban sepeda motor dan seluruh muatan W01 = 70 Kg x 9,81 m/s2 = 686,7 N W02 = 60 Kg x 9,81 m/s2 = 588,6 N W03 = 70 Kg x 9,81 m/s2 = 588,6 N Wmk = 138 Kg x 9,81 m/s2 =1353,76 N Wf = 3,6 Kg x 9,81 m/s2 = 35,31 N Wb = 20 Kg x 9,81 m/s2 = 196,2 N

LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM DISAIN ELEMEN MESIN 2

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Hambatan-hambatan yang terjadi pada sepeda motor a) Hambatan total 𝑅𝜃 = 𝑤01(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) + 𝑤02(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) + 𝑤03(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) + 𝑤𝑚𝑘(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) + 𝑤𝑓(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) +

𝑤𝑏(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)

= 686,7(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 588,6(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 588.6(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 1353,8(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 35,31(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 196,2(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) = 422.021 𝑁 b) Hambataninersia 𝑅𝑖 = (𝑚01 𝑥𝑎) + (𝑚02 𝑥𝑎) + (𝑚03 𝑥𝑎) + (𝑚𝑜1 𝑥𝑎) + (𝑚𝑚𝑘𝑥𝑎) +

(𝑚𝑓𝑥𝑎) + (𝑚𝑏𝑥𝑎)

= (70𝑥 0,26) + (60 𝑥 0,26) + (60 𝑥 0,26) + (138 𝑥 0,26) +

(10 𝑥 0,26) + (11,88 𝑥 0,26) = 90.96

𝑘𝑔 𝑠2

c) Hambatangelinding 𝑅𝑟 = 𝑅𝑅𝑦 + 𝑅𝑅𝑟 = 0,07𝑁𝑓 + 0,07𝑁𝑟 + ΣFx=0 => 𝑤01(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) − 𝑤𝑜2(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) − 𝑤𝑜3(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) − 𝑤𝑚𝑘(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) − 𝑤𝑓(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) − 𝑤𝑏(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) + 𝑅𝑅𝑓 + 𝑅𝑅𝑟 + 𝐵𝑟 − 𝑅𝑖 = 0 => 686,7(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) − 588,6(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) − 686,7(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) − 1039(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) − 35,31(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) − 196,2(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 𝑅𝑅𝑓 + 𝑅𝑅𝑟 + 𝐵𝑟 − 292,019 = 0 => −561,42 + 𝑅𝑅𝑓 + 𝑅𝑅𝑟 + 𝐵𝑟 − 292.019 = 0 => 𝑅𝑅𝑓 + 𝑅𝑅𝑟 + 𝐵𝑟 = 853,439 𝑁……………………….(1)

LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM DISAIN ELEMEN MESIN 2

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+ ΣFy=0 => −𝑤01(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼) − 𝑤𝑜2(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼) − 𝑤𝑜3(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼) − 𝑤𝑚𝑘(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼) − 𝑤𝑓(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼) − 𝑤𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼) + 𝑁𝑅 + 𝑁𝐹 = 0 => 686,7(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 588,6(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 686,7(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 1039(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 35,31(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 196,2(𝑠𝑖𝑛10°) + 𝑁𝑅 + 𝑁𝐹 = 0 => −3184,21 + 𝑁𝑅 + 𝑁𝐹 = 0 => 𝑁𝑅 + 𝑁𝐹 = 3184,21 𝑁…………………………..(2) + ΣM=0 => 𝑤01𝑥 (𝑖𝑤01) + (𝑖𝑤02) + 𝑤03𝑥 (𝑖𝑤03)+𝑤𝑚𝑘 𝑥 (𝑖𝑤𝑚𝑘) +𝑤𝑓 𝑥 (𝑖𝑤𝑓) + 𝑤𝑏 𝑥 (𝑖𝑤𝑏) + 𝑤01𝑦 (71𝑘𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑘) +𝑤02𝑦 (81𝑘𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑘) + 𝑤03𝑦 (100𝑘𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑘) +𝑤𝑚𝑘 𝑦 (51𝑘𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑘) + 𝑤𝑚𝑓 𝑦 + 𝑤𝑏 𝑦 (66𝑘𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑘) −𝑁𝐹(104𝑘𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑘) = 0 => 686,7(62,02) + 588,6(53,16) + 686,7(62,02) + 1039(93,91) + 35,31(3,189) + 196,2(17,72) + 686,7(0,84) + 686,7(0,96) + 686,7(1,18) + 1039(0,60) + 35,31(1,19) + 196,2(0,78) − 𝑁𝐹(1,23) = 0 => 189979,83 − 𝑁𝐹(1,23) = 0 𝑁𝐹 =

189979,83 1,23

=154455,15 N

……………………………………………(3)

(2)…..(3) 𝑁𝑅 + 𝑁𝐹 = 3184,21 𝑁 𝑁𝑅 + 154455,15 = 3184,21 𝑁 𝑁𝑅 = 3184,21 − 154455,15 = −151270,94 𝑁

LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM DISAIN ELEMEN MESIN 2

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(2) (3)…….(1) 𝑅𝑅𝑓 + 𝑅𝑅𝑟 + 𝐵𝑟 = 853,439 𝑁 (0,07 . 𝑁𝐹) + (0,07 . 𝑁𝑅) + 𝐵𝑟 = 853,439 𝑁 (0,07 . 154455,15) + (0,07 . (−151270,94)) + 𝐵𝑟 = 835,439 𝑁 (222,9) + 𝐵𝑟 = 835,439 𝑁 𝐵𝑟 = 835,439 − 222,9 𝐵𝑟 = 630,539 𝑁 = 630,539 𝑁 ≤ (0,7 . (− 151270,94)) = 630,539 𝑁 ≤ (−105889,63) a. Torsi padaroda 𝑅 = 24 𝑐𝑚 = 0,24 𝑚 𝑇𝑐𝑟 = 𝑇𝑏𝑟 = 𝐵𝑟 . 𝑟 = 630,539 𝑁 . 0,24 𝑚 = 151,33 𝑁. 𝑚 b. Torsi cakram (Tcr) 𝑇𝑐𝑟 = 𝐹𝜇 . 𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑘𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐹𝜇 =

=

𝑇𝑐𝑟 𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑘𝑟𝑎𝑚 151,33 0,0925

= 1636 𝑁 c.

d. Gaya normal (FN) Dari table koefisien gesekan besi didapat μ=(0,35-0,60)

𝐹𝑁 = 𝑁𝐹 =

𝐹𝜇 𝜇

1636 0,35

= 4674,28 𝑁

LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM DISAIN ELEMEN MESIN 2

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e. Tekanan (P) 𝐹𝑁 =

𝐹𝑁 𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑠

 Luas Jarak caliper terhadap piringan piringan cakram. = 𝑅𝑚 =

𝑅1+𝑅2 2

=

400 𝑥(157,58)𝑥𝑅𝑚 3600

5,95+9,25 2

=

= 7,6 cm2 =0,076 m2

400 𝑥(157,58)𝑥(0,076) = 1,33 𝑚2 3600

Diameter lubang cakram=ф5mm=0,005m 𝜋 . (𝑟)2 = 𝜋 . (0,0025)2 = 1,96𝑥10−5 𝑚2

Celah pada permukaan pada dan lubang pada piringan cakram =p=2mm ;l=15mm 𝑝𝑥𝑙 = 2𝑥15 = 30𝑚𝑚 − 3𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑎ℎ = 27𝑚𝑚2 = 0,027𝑚2 Luas total =1,357 m2

Tekanan (P)

𝑃=

=

𝐹𝑁 𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑠

4674,28𝑁 = 4672,92𝑁/𝑚2 1,357𝑚2 = 4672,92𝑝𝑎 = 4,46𝑘𝑝𝑎

LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM DISAIN ELEMEN MESIN 2

24

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