Autocad Notes

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LIST OF COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD 2002/ quick reference for AutoCAD 2002 COPY(co)

ERASE(e)

Line(l)

OFFSET(o)

MOVE

SCALE(sc)

MIRROR(mi) ARRAY(ar) ROTATE (ro)

multilane (ml)

Construction(xl) line

polygaon

LENGTHEN EXTEND

STRETCH

arc (a)

polyline(pl) rectangle (rec) circle(c)

spline

TRIM(tr)

BREAK

BREAK AT POINT

CHAMFER

make block

insert block (i)

FILLET(f)

hatch(bh)

EXPLODE(x)

regions

multiline text

OOPS-another name of undo command. Old version command. BLIPMODE: to turn blip mode on or off DIST: to find the distance between two points. UNITS: Defines the unit and angle formats. PAN (P) - to move the drawing in drawing area LINE (L) - to draw a line @ - From / with reference to previous point ARC (A) - to draw an arc. Options in arc command 1) Start point – end point 2) Center point- start point- end point 3) Center point- start point – angle 4) Center point- start point- chord length

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ZZOOM Z W (ZOOM WINDOW) Z E (ZOOM EXTENT) Z P (ZOOM PREVEOUS) ZOOM REAL TIME (Z TWICE PRESS ENTER KEY) CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM: in this system the co-ordinates are specified in x and y X is written first @ x, y Y is written next

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POLAR CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM: - in this system the co-ordinates are specified in terms of length and angle. To separate distance and angle < sign is used. DISTANCE < ANGLE

DIRECT DISTANCE ENTRY METHOD: (FASTEST WAY TO ENTER DISTANCES) in this method the distance is given by keyboard and direction by mouse. REGEN:- to regenerate the drawing. 90

-,+

+,+ 180

-,-

0

+,-

CARTESIAN SYSTEM

270 POLAR SYSTEM

TYPES OF CURSOR MODES 1) STANDARD CURSOR 2) POINT SELECTION CURSOR 3) OBJECT SELECTION CURSOR 4) OSNAP MARKER SELECTION WINDOWS IN AUTOCAD 2002 There Are Two Types Of Windows In AutoCAD SOLID WINDOW: - this window will select those objects, which are completely enclosed within window. It will not select those objects which are partially included within window In this case only two circles, which are completely enclosed within window, will be selected. A line is partially within window and partially outside window will not

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be selected. This window will be created when mouse is dragged form upper right corner to lower left corner. CROSSING WINDOW: this window will select all those objects that are completely enclosed within window as well as those objects, which are crossing with window. In this case two circles as well as a line will be selected as a line is crossing with window. This window is generated when mouse is dragged from lower right corner to upper left corner.

OBJECT SELECTION OPTION 1) ALL 2) CROSSING (C) 3) CROSSING POLYGAON (CP) 4) FENCE (F) 3) MULTIPLE (M) 7) WINDOW (W) 8) WINDOW POLYGAON (WP) 9) ADD (A) 10) REMOVE (R) 12) SINGLE (SI) 13) LAST (L) CO-COPY: To make copy of objects. Use multiple (m) options to make multiple copies. M- MOVE to move object from one location to another. TR- TRIM -

before trim

To trim the objects which extends beyond certain boundary line. Boundary edge.

after trim

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LAYERS: layers are nothing but plastic sheets or glass sheets on which we draw drawing having zero thickness. In AutoCAD separate layers are required for hidden lines, centerlines, different colors, dimensions etc. we can make any numbers of layers as per our requirement. CURRENT LAYER: for drawing any object at least a one plastic or glass sheet will be required, that layer is called current layer. Only one layer can be a current layer. Current layer cannot be freezed. ON/ OFF LAYER: when the layer is OFF objects on that layer will be temporarily invisible. These objects become visible when layer is ON. LOCK AND UNLOCK LAYER : when the layer is lock then objects on that layer can not be modified i.e. We can not use move, copy , erase , trim, mirror etc. commands on these objects. FREEZE/UNFREEZE LAYER: FREEZE layer will show same effect as that of OFF layer. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OFF LAYER AND FROZEN LAYER? Objects on frozen layer are not regenerated and therefore time for regeneration will be less whereas objects on off layers are regenerated by REGEN command. LTSCALE- adjust gap between non-continuous lines. Use only for hidden, center etc. lines. This command sets global line type scale factor. CELTSCALE:- sets line type scaling for individual objects. O- OFFSET this command will draw parallel object at specified distance. Click on that side where you want the object should be drawn.

C-CIRCLE use D for diameter option WHAT IS BLOCK? Block is a group of objects (line, arc, circles etc), which are bounded together to form a single object. Some standard items are converted into block like nuts, bolts, rivets, and threads so that they need not to be drawn every time they are required. BLOCK or BMAKE- To Make Block I -Insert Block WBLOCK- with this command the block is permanently stored on hard disk so that it can be used in other files. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BLOCK AND GROUP? for modifying the objects in block we have to explode the block where as in group we have to turn the group off by ctrl+a - to turn group on /off. GROUP(G) :- to group the objects together AR- ARRAYS

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1) POLAR ARRAYS: the objects are multiplied in circular fashion about a center.

360 CCW (Counter clock wise)

180CCW

- 180 CW

(Clockwise)

2) RECTANGULAR: the objects are multiplied in rectangular fashion

Create a rectangular array shown above ROWS -- 6 COLUMNS -100 ROWS OFFSET -03 COLUMN OFFSET-O3

XL - CONSTRUCTION LINES these are the lines of infinite length generally used as projection lines. Use H for horizontal and V for vertical A for angle. LENGTHEN 1) DELTA: by this option the length is either decreased or increased by difference between final and initial length.

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2) PERCENT: by this option the length is either increased or increased in percentage. 3) TOTAL: directly give the final length you want. 4) DYNAMIC: mouse can adjust length of object. EXTEND

STRETCH COMMNAD: USE RECTANGULAR WINDOW SELECTION SC- SCALE scales the objects by required factor. To double the objects give 2, to make it half give 0.5. DT- DIRECT TEXT MTEXT-MULTILINE TEXT ED- EDIT TEXT ST- TEXT STYLE XR- EXTERNAL REFERANCE XBIND- EXTERNAL BIND XREF- external reference Difference between external reference and block? 1) X-REF cannot be exploded like block. 2) If x-ref is moved to another location, AutoCAD can not locate the file, in such situation use browse 3) X-ref do not increase the file size. XCLIP- external reference clip. XBIND: to make some members of EXTERNAL REFERANCE file a permanent member of host file for ex. Block, dimension style, text style, layer etc. What Is OVERLAY option? Suppose drawing A is X-Ref to Drawing B , B is Xref to Drawing C But I don’t want A in C . Then at the time of attachment of A with B, check overlay option. REFEDIT: - to edit external reference. 'FILTER- object selection filter

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How to create complex selection set? Suppose I want to select circle as well as arc then ** Begin OR ** Begin AND Object = Circle ** End AND ** Begin AND Object = Arc ** End AND ** End OR Note: - If the criteria are bounded by the AND grouping operators, then the objects must fulfill all criteria before the objects are selected. If criteria are bounded by the OR grouping operators, then the objects fulfilling any one criteria will be selected. QUICK SELECT: This option is available on your right click when no command is active. This is very similar to using filters. 'CAL- CALCULATROR (ARITHMATIC+GEOMETRIC) ‘ sign is imp ARITHMATIC CALCULATOR: by this calculator we can do operations like addition(+), subtraction(-), division (/), multiplication (*) The geometric calculators osnap mode CALCULATOR

MEANING

End Mid

Endpoint Midpoint

OPERATOR/ FUNCTION + or * or /

WHAT IT DOES

Add or subtract Multiplies or divides number Int Intersection ^ Exponent of a number Cen Center Sin Sine of angle Qua Quadrant Cos Cosine of angle Tan Tangent Tang Tangent of angle Per Perpendicular Log Base 10 log Nod Node In Natural log Ins Insert Exp 10 Base 10 exponent Nea Nearest sqr Square of a number Rad Radius pi The constant pi Round Round to nearest Cur Cursor pick (imp) integer The calculator is capable of doing lot of other operation, which are not mentioned here.

EXAMPLE 2-1=1,2+1=3 2*4.2=8.4 3^2=9 Sin(45)=0.707107 Cos(30)=0.866025 Tang(30)=0.57735 Log(2)=0.30103 In(2)=0.693147 Exp 10(2)=100 Sqr(9)=81.0 3.14159 Round (3.6)=4

How to use Geometric calculator? Suppose I want to draw a line in the midway of endpoint of the line and center point of arc then without drawing additional object we can draw with using geometric calculator.

the expression (end+cen)/2

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line drawn by using geometric calculator

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EXPRESSION (MID+MID+MID)/3

CENTROID FOUND BY CONVENTIONAL METHOD

CENTROID FOUND BY GEOMERTIC CALCULATOR

Suppose I want to draw a line 2.5 in x direction and 5 in y direction from a end point of a line then expression will be end+[2.5,5.0] PL- POLYLINE what is polyline? How it is different from simple line? 1) Polyline can have any width while width of simple line is limited. 2) Line and arcs are interconnected in polyline. 3) Polyline can have varying width i.e. width at start and end may be different. PEDIT- polyline edit. Use fit (F) to make line smooth. SKETCH- to draw freehand drawing with SKPOLY variable the sketch will be drawn with polyline. Green line: temporary sketching.( rough sketching) r- record it to turn into permanent sketch. c- connect where sketching was stopped. x- exit sketch command. BH- boundary hatch -H-for hatching with out or with boundary HE- hatch edit What do you mean by associative and non-associative hatching? An associative hatch pattern automatically changes to fill its boundary whenever that boundary is stretched or edited. A non-associative pattern doesn’t do this. Angle in hatching: angle in hatching is added in present angle . For example, this hatch pattern has a angle of 450 , if you choose 900 angle then it will become 1350. Initial angle was 450 after Adding 900 it becomes 1350.

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DONUT- To draw filled circles. Use FILL command with REGEN. External diameter Internal Diameter

MIRRTEXT – so that mirror image of text should not be created with graphics.

QTEXT-turns text into box so that zoom and regeneration should be faster. SPELL: to check the spelling of text. EXPLODE (X) – to break the objects into their elements. F-fillet to make corners smooth CHA- CHAMFER –to make corners other than 900

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MI- MIRROR

- to create mirror image of an object.

object created by mirror command

USING AUTOCAD AUTOMATIC SAVE FEATURE 1) enter savetime at command prompt. 2) At new value for save time <120> prompt , enter the desired interval in minutes. To disable enter 0. Codes for inserting special characters into single line text objects. Only for DT command Code Special character Toggles over score on or off DIPAK %%O %%P places a & sign where code occurs &10 %%P10%% %%C Places a diameter sign Φ FI 90 :- %%C90%% Toggles underscore on or off. DIPAK %%UDIPAK%% %% U Places a degree symbol where code occurs. 900 1000 90%%D%% %% D %%% When you want to write plus minus &100% %%P%% 100%%% DIV- divide :- to divide the object into equal number of segments.(2-32767 only) MEASURE:- to divide the object into specified length. Therefore in this case there is a possibility that last segment may be of the shorter length than specified. NOTE : use NODE osnap and DDPTYPE command with divide and measure commands.use PDSIZE to change size of marker. LIMITS: this command sets limits of your drawing. If you try to draw outside the limits AutoCAD will not allow (shows the message outside limits.) * we can use union, subtraction , intersection commands with two regions. MSLIDE – to make slide VSLIDE- to view slide VSLIDE C:\S1 PROGRAM EXPLANATION VSLIDE *C:\S2 VSLIDE SLIDE1 Begin slide show and load slide1 DELAY 3000 VSLIDE *SLIDE2 Preload slide 2 DELAY 2000 1000 VSLIDE Pause to allow audience to view slide 1 (milliseconds) = 1 second VSLIDE *C:\S3 VSLIDE Display slide 2 DELAY 3000 VSLIDE *SLIDE3 Preload slide 3 VSLIDE DELAY 2000 Pause to allow audience to view slide 2

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VSLIDE DELAY 2000 RSCRIPT

Displays slide 3 Pause to allow audience to view slide 3 Restart the script from beginning

DELAY 3000 RSCRIPT NOTE: save the file with *.scr extension

NOTE : SAVE SLIDE SHOW WITH *.SCR EXTENSION, LINES WITH *.LIN EXTENSION AND PATTERN FILE *.PAT EXTENSION.USE NOTEPAD TO WRITE CODES . BR- BREAK- to break an object NOTE : break command operates in anticlockwise direction in case of circle.

How To Break Without Gap? To break without gap, use FIRST POINT option and at second point use @ sign. MTEXT- MULTILINE TEXT use this command when you want to write more number of text lines in a drawing say a paragraph. DT- DIRECT TEXT- use this command when limited text is to be written in drawing. ED or DDEDIT- EDITS TEXT- to edit direct as well as multi-line text. ST- TEXT STYLE USIDEDOWN: print the text upside down. BACKWARD: print the text backward. WIDTH FACTOR: adjust the width and spacing of the characters in the text. A value of 1 keeps the text at its normal width. Value greater than 1 will expand the text, value less than 1 will compress the text.

dipak shirbahte

OBLIQUE ANGLE: skews the text at an angle / Greater than zero say +30: \ Less than zero say –30: What is the difference between ALIGN and FIT options in justification? ALIGN- with this option height of text changes with length. FIT – with this option height do not change with length.

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What is DIMTIX and DIMTOFL variable? • When DIMTIX is on dimension line is very close to circle. • The text will be placed outside if DIMTIX is on. • There will be line from center if DIMTOFL is on. TIME-shows total time spent on drawing FUNCTION KEYS F3- object osnap F11- object osnap tracking F7- grid on/off. F6- on/off co-ordinate readout ML- MULTILINE MLEDIT- MULTILINE EDIT MLSTYLE: to create different styles for multi-lines. SPLINEDIT: to edit splines (splines is a curve having tangents at both ends) AREA command to calculate the area and perimeter of an area on a 2D plane. MATCHPROP: Match property one object with other. MASSPROP: calculates area, volume, centroid, and radius of gyration, area bounded etc LIST: - give the information about object type (line, circle etc.), object layer, X, Y, Z, position relative to current UCS Etc. RAY: - creates semi-infinite lines commonly used as a construction lines. SOLID: - to create quadrilateral solid filled area. Use FILLMODE with this command. REDRAW: refreshes the display of current view port. SPLINE fits a smooth curve to a sequence of points within a specified tolerance TRACE: this command is used to draw lines of specified thickness. This is similar to line command with only difference that it needs additional parameter, which is thickness of line. Pline (pl):--- polyline are interesting drawing entities . polyline can include both line s and arc connected at end points. Change: to change the properties of an object. 3d TOOLBARS: 1) SOLID 2) VIEW 3) SOLIDEDITING EXT- EXTRUDE to use this command you should follow some rules Rule 1. Object to be extruded must be a polyline object. Rule 2. Object must form a single close loop.

this object will be extruded as it forms a close loop

this object will not be extruded

this object will be extruded as it forms a close loop

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this object will not be extruded

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ISOLINES- to change the number of ISO-LINES.

Isolines=4

isolines=40

REG: *regions- Regions can be extruded to become 3d solids. Regions should form a closed boundary. Regions are two-dimensional areas you create from closed shapes or Loops. You can carry Boolean operation on regions.

union

substract

intersection

SOLIDEDIT: to edit 3d solids. UNI- UNION to add two solids SUB- SUBTRACTS – to subtract smaller solid from bigger one. DISPSILH: to on/off silhouette during printing. HIDE:- to hide invisible lines. ROTATE3D- to rotate 3d objects along x,y,z axis. REV- to revolve 2d objects to create 3d objects. PS- paper space MS- model space SLICE: to cut 3d object by a plane. SEC- section of 3d solid.

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How to convert 3d into 2d drawing? 3d drawing can be converted to 2d by SOLVIEW, SOLDRAW and SOLPROF commands. SOLVIEW: this command creates three views and three layers for each view as HID- for hidden lines, VIS – for visible lines, DIM- for dimensions. SOLDRAW : This command ask you to select three view ports so that hidden lines can be placed on HID layer , visible lines on VIS layer. SOLPROF: this command creates profile, which is placed on PH layer means, profile hidden and PV layer means profile visible. ALIGNING 3D OBJECT IN SPACE (ALIGN COMMAND) ALIGN this command aligns the object in 3d space with the help of three source and three destination points. SURFTAB1 & SURFTAB2 Sets the number of tabulations to be generated for the RULESURF and TABSURF commands. CUSTOMIZATION OF AUTOCAD *** POP1 [MY MENU] [NAME]^C^C_INSERT MYNAME [SKETCH]^C^C_SKETCH [SILHOUTEE]^C^C_DISPSILH [CALCULATOR]^C^C_’CAL [DDPTYPE]^C^C_DDPTYPE [AREA]^C^C_AREA [OOPS]^C^C_OOPS [ISOLINES]^C^C_ISOLINES [MASSPROP]^C^C_MASSPROP [DIVIDE]^C^C_DIVIDE [MEASURE]^C^C_MEASURE NOTE: MYNAME.DWG is a file name containing drawing. Save this file with *.mnu extension. Save your file in AutoCAD’s support directory. SERIAL SEQUENCE OF TOPICS IN AUTOCAD 2002

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vkeph oSf'k"V;s • fo|kF;kZaps lks;huqlkj osG• vkBoM;krwu ,d rkl baVjusV eksQr okij.;kph eqHkk• dkslZps eVsjh;y eksQrdkslZ iw.kZ >kY;koj DSQ Software, Vijay Soft, DELCAM, Shree Pre Coated Steels Ltd. bR;knh- ukekafdr daiU;kae/;s Placement/uksdjh djhrk fo'ks"k iz;Ru dsys tkrhySyllabus lkBh http://business.vsnl.com/siddhivinayak_akola g;k aWebsite yk HksV |kvkepk iw.kZ iRrk % fl)hfouk;d dkWEI;qVjlZ] okMsdj fdjk.kk 'kkWitoG] Mkcdh jksM] vdksyk Qksu & 62422684-

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PROF DV SHIRBHATE

G.P.Washim, G.P. Khamgaon, Govt.I.T.I., Akola, AEC Chikhali, C.O.E. Badnera, S.S.G.M.M.C.E, Shegaon P;k fo|kF;kZalkBh [kkl Classes ?ks.;kr ;srhyvktp ;kstusps lnL; gksmu tkLrhr tkLr Qk;nk feGok- vf/kd ekfgrhlkBh laidZ lk/kkOur Address : Siddivinayak Computers, Renuka Nagar, Near Wadekar Kirana Shop, Dabki Road, Old City, AKOLA. 60724-2422684

How to write code for hatching? FIRST COMPONENT: - ORIENTATION ANGLE NEXT TWO COMPONENTS: - ORIGIN OF LINE GROUP NEXT TWO COMPONENTS: - DISTANCE AND DIRECTION LAST TWO COMPONENTS: - LENGTH OF LINE AND GAP File name and pattern name should be same. Save with *.pat extension in AutoCAD’s support directory.

*SHIRBHATE, MAKING PLUS SIGN 0,0,0,2,2,1, -1 90,5, -.5,2,2,1, -1 *SHIRBHATE2, MAKING HASH SIGN 0,0,.3,2,2,1,-1 90,.3,0,2,2,1, -1 0,0,.6,2,2,1,-1 90,.6,0,2,2,1,-1 *DIPAK4, network-learning scheme 0, 0, 0, 0, 6.35 0, 0, 3.175, 0, 6.35, 3.175, -3.175 *DIPAK3, make two members and learn AutoCAD free 60, 0, 0, 4.7625, 8.24889, 4.7625, -4.7625 120, 0, 0, 4.7625, 8.24889, 4.7625, -4.7625 0, -2.38125, 4.12445, 4.7625, 8.24889, 4.7625, -4.7625 *DIPAK2, make two members and learn AutoCAD free 0, 0, 0, 3.175, 3.175, 3.175, -3.175

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PROF DV SHIRBHATE

90, 3.175, 0, 3.175, 3.175, 3.175, -3.175 *DIPAK1, make two members and learn AutoCAD free 0, 0, 0, 12.7, 21.997, 3.175, -22.225 90, 1.5875, 0, 21.997, 12.7, 1.5875, -42.4066 90, 1.98438, 0, 21.997, 12.7, 1.27, -42.7241 90, 1.19062, 0, 21.997, 12.7, 1.27, -42.7241 60, 2.38125, 0, 12.7, 21.997, 1.016, -24.384 120, 0.79375, 0, 12.7, 21.997, 1.016, -24.384

Codes for line types Rule: every line type code should start with letter “A” * Should be given at the start of every line name. SAVE FILE WITH *.LIN EXTENSION AUTOCAD’S SUPPORT DIRECTORY. CODE FOR SIMPLE LINE TYPES *DIPAK, NETWORK LEARNING SCHEME A,.75,-.25,.25,-.25,0,-.25,.25,-.25,.75 *VISHAL, CREATED BY ITWARE . . . . . . . . . . A,0,-.25 *DIPAK1,NETWORK __ __ . __ __ . __ __ . __ __ . __ __ . A,.5,-.25,.5,-.25,0,-.25 *DIPAK2,Border (.5x) __.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__. A,.25,-.125,.25,-.125,0,-.125 *DIPAK3,Border ____ ____ . ____ ____ . ___ A,1.0,-.5,1.0,-.5,0,-.5 *DIPAK4,Center ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ A,1.25,-.25,.25,-.25 *DIPAK5,Center ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ A,.75,-.125,.125,-.125 *DIPAK6,Center ________ __ ________ __ _____ A,2.5,-.5,.5,-.5 *SHIRBHATE,2422684 __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ A,.5,-.25,0,-.25 * SHIRBHATE,2422684 _._._._._._._._._._._._._._._. A,.25,-.125,0,-.125

Complex line types ["String",style name,R=XX,S=XX,X=XX,Y=XX] * SHIRBHATE,2422684 __..__..__..__..__..__..__..__.._ A,.25,-.125,0,-.125,0,-.125 * SHIRBHATE,2422684 ________ . . ________ . . _ A,1.0,-.5,0,-.5,0,-.5 * SHIRBHATE,2422684. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A,0,-.25 * SHIRBHATE,2422684........................................

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PROF DV SHIRBHATE

A,0,-.125 * SHIRBHATE,2422684. . . . . . . . . . . . . . A,0,-.5 * SHIRBHATE,2422684 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ A,.25,-.125 * SHIRBHATE,2422684 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A,.125,-.0625 * SHIRBHATE,2422684 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ A,.5,-.25

PRACTICE DRAWING 1

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PROF DV SHIRBHATE

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PROF DV SHIRBHATE

IMPORTANT OBJECT SNAP Web site created by Prof D.V. Shirbhate Project Batch for Production Engg. Dept. http://coeta-production.tripod.com

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