Atari 800 Hardware Manual, Part3

IV.

SATPLE PROGRA}{

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HARDWARE REGISTERI,ISTS

ANDRESSORDER

CTIA ADDRESSES READ Address DOTF

tI

Descrt

REPEATAS BEI,OW

7 MORETIMES

i D020 01r D Ol E DO]D

9t3

Wrlte Co on Clear Vert. ?riori

Consol SW. Port

De

0lA

D01 D OI 6

D0l5 D0t4 D0l

Color-1um of 3 sile

2

laver-Ulss1le

I

RXAN PAJ-/NTSCb l t s Read Joystlck Trlgge! Buttons

D0l2 D011

GraDhlcs

A1l

aDhlcs Plaver 3

DOOT GraDhlcs Plaver

I

DOOD

Read PLayer to Player ColllsLoDs

Slze A11 lttsstle DOOB Slze

D009 D008 D00 D006 D004 D002 D000

Plaver

2

Plaver

I

llorz. rz, Itorz. Ilorz. Itorz. 1{orz.

Read Mlsslle To ?Iayer colllslons

Poslt. Mlsslle Posl!. Mlsslle 2 P Poslr, l41sslle 0 P Poslt. Plaver 2

orz. Poslt.

?laver 0

V.I

Read P]ayer To Playfield Colllslons Read Mlsstle To Playfteld CollisloIrs

ANTIC ADDRES

Address D4FF

tt

REPEAT (AS BELOW)

15 MORETIMES

Reset NUI Interrupt Status

D4OT

NMI Interrupt Status Reglster

D4OE Llght Pen Reglster VertlcaL Llght Pen Reglsrer Horlzontal Vertical Llne Counter

D4OD D40C D4OB Walt for

IIBLANK

D4OA Character Base Address Red

D409 D408

Player-Mlssile Address Re

D 4 07

Base

D406 Ve!tlca1

Scroll

Horizontal

D1-1ST11

Scro11

Dtsplay List olnrer (H Display Llst

D402 Character Control

D401 DMA Control

D400

!.2

POKEYA.DDRESSES READ Descri

DescrlDtlon

DzFI

t I

i

REPEAT (AS BE].OW)

15 MORETIMES

D2l0 Serlal Port 4 Key control IRQ lnterrupt lnable Serlal Port

Start

Port 4 Key

IRQ lnterrupt s Reeister Ser{al Porl Resister

Pot Scan 1ca1 ]-lne Rendon Numb

Reset Status

Sralt

Serlal

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Tlmers

dio control Audlo Channel 4 Audlo Channel 4

D206 Audio channel

4

Audio channel

3

D205

D20

Audlo channel control Andlo chanRel 2

D202 Audto Channel Ardlo

channel

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Read the value of each POT

ANDRESSES READ Add!ess D3TF

DescrlDtion Repeat as shown below rnany tlnes

Directlon Reglster If PBCTI, Bit 2-0

D301 Jack2&Jack3 If Dlrectlon Blts Dlrec!1oo Register If PACTLtlt 2=0

D300 Jack0&Jackl If Dlrectlon Bits

* NoTE:

Same as wrlce Jack2&Jack3 If Dlrectlon Bits e 0 * Same as wrlte J A C K U d J

If

Dlrectlor

Ortpur data is retained 1n Jack Output Registers. If dlrectlon blts are true, a read of the iacks !dlI read old dara from these reslsters.

C K I

Bits

AIPHABETICAL ORIER

Itard

lster Address Hex

AI,LPOT R e a d 8 1 i n e l o t P o r t S t a t e AttDc I Audto Channel I Colltrol AUDC2 Audlo Chafirel 2 CoDtrol ATIDC3 Audlo Channel 3 Control o Channel AUDCTL Audlo Control AI'DF I Audio Channel 1 Frequency AIJDF2 Audlo Channel 2 f'requency AIDT3 A[dto Channel 3 lrequency Audto Channel 4 lreouenc CHACTL Character control CITBASECharacter base addless C01,BK Color-l-umlnance of Background COLPFOColor Luninance of Playfteld 0

Add!ess Dec

53768 5376r 53763 53765 5316'l 5 37 6 8 53760 53762

'155 2F3 2F4 1 5 6 2C8 7 t 2 2C4 708 2C5 709 COL?F2Color Lunlnance of Playfield 2 5 3 2 7 2coLoR2 7t0 coI-PF3 5 3 2 7 3col-oR3 711 COLPMOColor Lunlnance of P1a;er-l.tlss1le 53266 PCOLRO O 704 COI,PMI Color Luninance of Player-l4isst1e I 53267 PCOLRI 705 olor Luolnance of Plaver-Misslle 2 70 COLPlI3 Color Lunlnance of Player-Mlsslle D 0 l 5 53269 PCOlR3 2C3| 707 coNsoLConsole Sldtch Port DOIF 53279 S e t t o 8 du r lng VBLANK DLISTII Display Ltst Potnter (hlgh byte) D403 S'LSTE 2 3 I | 5 6 I D],ISTL Display list Potnter (1ow byte) D402 5 4 2 74 SDLSTL 2 3 0t s 6 0 TL DIrect Menorv Access (DMA) Control TL 22F| 559 ERACTL DO1D 5 3 2 7 1 GRAI'M Graphics for all lllsslles D01I. 53265 GRAI?O Graphlcs for Player 0 DOOD 5326r GRAFP 1 Graphica for Player I DOOE 5 3 2 6 2 GraDhlcB for Plaver 2 DOOF GRATP3Graphics for Player 3 D 0 l 0 53264 I{1TC]-R Collsslon Clear DOlE 5327I ITPOSMO l{orizontal Posltlon of Mtssile 0 r004 53252 ITPOSMlllorlzontal Posltlon of Missile 1 s3253 rizontal IIPOSM3 Hor{zontal HPOSPOHorlzontal HPOSPInorlzontal HPOSP2lorlzortal

PoslEion Postlton ?ostrlon Posltlon Posltlotr

of of of of of of

Mlsslle 2 Mlsslle 3 Playet 0 Player I Player 2 Plaver

HSCROT IRQEN r n E e r r u p E K e q r e s r ( 1 K q ) E n a D r e IRqST KBCODEKeyboard Code MOPL MIPF MIPL M2?I IT2PL

Mlsslle l,ltsst1e Mlsslle Ulsslle

0 1 I 2

!o to to to

Player col1l6tons Playfteld Colltslons Player colllslons Playfleld colllslons

54273 54281 53274 53210

D007 D000 D001 D002 D003 D404 D2OE D2OE D209

53255 53248 53249 53250 53251 54276 53714 53714 53769 53256 53249 53257 53250

764

llardnare

ister

0S Shadow Address

Address },13PF Misstle 3 ro Playfleld co1l1slons M3PL }llss11e 3 to Player (NMI) Enabte NMIEN Non-Maskable Interrupt NMIRES NMl reset NMIST NMl Stahrs ?OPF Player 0 to Playfield Colllslons POPL Player 0 to ?layer Co1llslons PIPF Player l to Playfteld Collisions PIPL Player I to Player Colllslons P2PF Player 2 to Player Colllslons PzIL P 3 P F Player 3 to ?layfleld colllsions P3PL Player 3 to Player Colllslons PACTL Port A Cotltlol PAr,/NTsc tndtctor PA]PBCTL Port B Conlrol PENH Llght Pen Ilorlzontal Posilion PENV Ltght Pen Vertlcal Poslllon P}EASE Player Misslle Base Address ?ORTA P o r t A PORTB Port A POTO P o t 0 POTl Pot I POT2 P o L 2 POT3 POT4 P o t 4 POT5 POT6 POTT Pot 7 (rlght paddle controller) POTGO Star! POT Scan Sequence PRIOR D r ' l ^ i l r w C a l e . r RANDOMRaodon number generator SERIN Serial Port Input SEROUTserlal Port output stzes for all nisslles SIZE?O stze of Player 0 S I Z E P1 size of Player I S'ZEP2 slze ot Player 2 S I Z E P 3Slze of Player 3 SKCTI Serlal Port Control SXRESTReset Sertal Port Status (SKSTAT) SKSTAT Serial Port Status STlMER Slart Tiner Trigger 0 IRIGO Joysrick cortroller Joastick Controller Trisser I 2 TRIG2 Joysrtck Controller'Irigget TRIG3T Joystlck Conlroller T!1gger 3 VCOIJNTVertical Llne Counler VDELAY Vertcal Delay scrolf VSCROLvertical WSYNC Wait for Horizontal Sync

53251 53259 54246 set to $40 by IRQ code 5 4287 wrltten to by NMI code 54287 read bv NIlI code D 0 0 4 53252 D00c 53260 D 0 0 5 53253 DOOD 53261 D006 DOOE 5 3 2 6 2 D 0 0 7 53255 DOOF 53263 D302 5 4 0 1 8s e t t o $ iC by IR C o d e D 0 1 4 53268 D303 54 0 1 9 set to $ iC by IR Code 564 234 D40C 54284 LPENII 235 D4OD 54285 IPENV D407 54279 D300 sTlCK0 - l 2 78 . 2 7 9 D3 0 1 5 4 0 1 7s T r c K 2 , 32 7! , , 2 1 R 634,635 624 D 2 0 0 53760PADDI-O 2 7 0 , 625 PADDL I 2 7 1 D 20 1 5 3 7 6 1 626 2 7 2 D202 ?ADD]-2 53163?ADDI-3 2 7 3 624 DZ04 5 3 7 6 4PADDL4 2 7 4 629 2 7 5 D205 53765PADD],5 6 30 PADD]-6 2 7 6 DZO6 5 3 7 6 6 631 D20'I 53767 PAI}D].7 27'I ILANK D2OB 5 3 7 7 1WRITTEN 623 26r D O I B 53275 GPRIOR 53770 D2OA D2OE 5 3 7 7 4 D2OD 53773 D00c 53260 D 0 0 8 53256 D0 0 9 53257 DOOA 53258 DOOB 53259 562 SSKCTL 232 D2OF D2OA 53770 D2OF D209 53769 644 D 0 t 0 5 3 2 6 4STRIGO 284 285 53265 STRIGL D01l 646 286 D 0 1 2 5 3 2 6 6STRIG2 641 247 5 3 2 6 7STRIG3 D OI 3 D4OB 54283 5 4216 D0IC 54 2 1 7 D405 D4OA 54282 Used by keyboald D003 DOOB D4OE D4OF D4OF

cltck

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vI.

FIGURES

MEMORYMAP RE

s

FFTF

Operatlng Systen And Math Routlnes

IOK

D800 DOOO-D7TF C}FF

Ilardware Addresses

2K

Reserved for Future O.S. exDanslon

4K

BFFF

Rol,l Cartrldge

8000

(Col1een left and right slot and Candy single slo! all address to

16K

7}FF

RAM Expanslon

2000 lFTF RAM tnltially supplled 1n rhe product

8K

RAM expansion can actually exten to BFEF. However, lhe ROMcartrldges will deselect the RAM. Deselectton occurs on 8K boundartes. Atari 400 unlts are RAM expandable onty at the factory. They can accepr RAlt up to 2FFF (16K) when fully exrended.

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APPENDIX A U S E O F P L A Y E R / M I S S I L EG R A P H I C S I . ] ]T H B A S l C

r"rHardware The l f A . e lt 9 , t O O T e OlO l 4 a n u asl h o u l d b e r e a d f i r s t details of the PIayer/Missile craphics. To enable the P/M Graphics fron b e u s e d :*

to understand

BASIC the following

procealure

Generate the playfield, e i t h e r w i t h a c R A p H I C Sc a l t o r b u i l d a c u s t o n d i s p l a y l i s t ! r i t h a s e r i e s o f P O K Ds t a t e n e n t s , . 2.

E n a b l e P , / MD l l A c o n t r o l single Iine resolution resolution players.

3.

There are fou! players and four rnissiles (or five players if the four inissiles are combined into one player). Each of these has a horizontal position register Lhat controls its horizontal position on the screen. The registers and tnerr locat ions are as follows: ADDRESS 53248 53249 53254 5325I 53252 53253 53254 53255

by a POKE559 !,ith either a 62 for players or a 46 for double line

E O R I Z O N T A LP O S I T I O I I O F player P1ayer player player Miss ile Missile Miss i.le Missile

0 1 2 3 I 2 3 4

the horizontal positions can range on the playfield between 4t a n d 2 0 0 . S o P O K E5 3 2 4 9 , 1 2 0 w i l ] n o v e p l a y e r 1 t o t h e m i d d l e of the screen.

*NOTEi AlI

number references are decimal. A-1-

Use of PLayer/l4iss ile with BASIC, cont.

4.

Graphics

Each player (and its missile) has a color register which determines its color. These registers can be controlled by poking to the following locationsl ADDRESS

COLOROF

7 04 '745

P/M O

706 101 711

P/M 2 P/t4 3 f ifth player

T h u s a P O K E7 0 6 , 2 0 0 w i l l 5.

T h e P , / Mb i t Fha

eh.ha

^F

information thc

nlhvArl

(if

enabled)

color player 2 green. (those byres which actually n,ret

ha

qiorpd

jn

rn

iraa

describe where

it

will not interfere with BAsIc or the operating system. It must also start at a 2K nemory boundary if single line resolLltion players are used, or a IK boundary for double line players. resolution 6.

The page number (i.e. number of 256 byte sections of rnemory) for the starting address of the P/M information obtai.ned in step 5 is poked into location 54279.

7,

E n a b l e t h e P / M D M A b y a P O K E5 3 2 7 7 , 3 .

B.

The starting address of each player is obtaineC by mulLiplying the number obtained in step 6 by 256 and then adding the o f f s e t i n d i c a t e d i n P , / Mn e n o r y c o o f i g u r a t i o n t a b L e .

9.

The vertical posiLion of the player is deterrnined by its location in memory. After the initi.al offset is obtained in sCep 8, its height may be defined. Its range on the olayfield is frorn 32 Lo 223 in single line resoLution and from 16 to 111 in double line resofution. By adding the desired height to 'L5

found. Xo

^^Lan

:F,c^l,rf6

The a"propriate bit ihf^ lhic -> -; ?-l r, e s s .

:4/irac<

information

^F

for

ai-h

nl:var

ic

the player can now

Use of Player,/Missile i,rith BASIC, cont.

craphics

(9, cont. ) Exampfe to Generate a rectangular box player, eight color clocks wide and four Lines bigh irt irfi€diate rode. STEP

TYPE

RESULT

1

GRAPHICS B

SetuP l{cde B Playfield

2

POKE559, 62

Enable P/M DMAsingle line

3

POKE53248,L20

Set horizontal

4

POKE704,88

Set clIor

5

I = PEEK(106)-8

Get P/M base addless

6

F(]r'.dB 54279tI

Store in base register

PaRE 53277t3

Enable P/M Df'lA

8

J = I * 256 + 1024

Get player starting

9

PoKEJ POREJ POKEJ POKEJ

'7

+ + + +

125,255 126,129 127.129 128,255

position

to pink

address

Draw player on screen

Use of Player^issile with BASIC, cont. DI4ACTL bit D4=0

Graphics DMACTL bit D4=1

PIAYER-MISSILE Uefi1ory

+0

start at PTtsASE*L0:425t +- 8 bits

wide --+

384 bytes unused

start at PMBASE* +--8

;4xt5L

bits wide -+

+0

PMBASE. 768 b!'tes unused

Relative address shqum along sides of maps.

+384 +5I2

Absolute address

I

u: lr'rztt luo

+640

Player 0

+768

Plaver 1

+896

Player 2

+t-024

P]ayer 3

128 bytes

+768

[,13 t42 Mt MO +I424 .o Player 0

+1280

\-----rr------l double line resolution

+1536 PraYer z

Player 3 +2048

single line resolution

Eacn Player-$lsst1e sectj.on (128 bytes in single line, 256 bytes in double line) naps directly onto the totaf hei.ght of TV screen.

APPENDIXB } , I IX l N C G R A P E I C S M O D E S

I .

GENERAL

Thls procedure descrlbes hoa to ldix severat graphlc nodes on the TV screen ar rhe sare tlne using BASrc comnanes. Each g.aphlcs node has a dlfferenr n u n b e r o f s c a n l i n e s p e i , , M o d eL l n e r (one tine of a graphlcs lnode). The Tv screen must constst of 192 scan 1ines, so-when Elxlng modes, they must be conbined ln.such a way as ro get 192 scan 1tnes. Thls 1s accoDptished by nodifytng the Disptay Llst, When a graphics node is set on rhe corcputer, the O/S attocates R A M€ p a c e f o r t h e g r a p h i c s n o d e , r h e n b u 1 1 d s t h e , d i s p l a y l i s r adjacent to the graphics RAM, and sets a poinrer to irre tegrnnrng of the dlsplay 1isr. Each I'Eode1ine" is construc!eal fror a,,rnode byt€" in rhe dtsplay 1is! thar deternines hol' nany scan tlnes in each oode 11ne. The display list describes tt e screen dtsDrav frora EoP ro bottoE. A Dlsplay Lisr [lusr be builr for rhe "nax RAX node,, (rhe graphlcs node thar requlres the dost R-{M) then modified aith pOKES to lrix the othe! lxodes virh 1r. This "nax RAt{ llode', cannot be a ',nax split screen !1ode (text windo\r), rherefore R A l , ti n o d e , ' + 1 6 o u s t be used. Tf the 'nai RAMoode will be ar the rop of the screen, then rLMS_by!err (1oad menory scan byre) ut tir. iop of the Display -the Lls! r111 already be correcc. If nor, the "LMs bire. \ritI have !o be inodifted. The Dtsplay Lisr is nodlfted by pOKINc a nel' Dode byie fo! e a c h n o d e l i n e i h a t i s n o t a n a x R A t , tn o d e l i n e . Ar.rhe end of the display list i s a J U M Pf n s r r u c r r o n p o i n r l n e r o t h e r o D o f r h e D i s p l a - \ r1 1 s t . When rhe Display Lisr is Dodifled, rhe JUIIptnstruc_ tion nust be placed lnroediately after rhe last oode byre. Exanple ',JI vi11 i Ilu strat e each steD.

be used rhroughout

this

proceature ro

NORMAL

TV scRrEN

YhOO\FIED

-T6 t,S -- 43

MODE 1

I

I

LINE5

6

I

r9L

YnoDE7

112

?6

moDe

LINE5

LINE.5

6\a

SGTINEJ

1

Il/.ooE z

'i

2 LrNE5

TOTA L

ToTAL= lg2

f o o \ FI e D tnoUe ? DI5PLAV

moDE 7 O I5 I ' L A Y moog L r N e+

1

I

2

3 4

Mo

(d D) (6D,

13

;:-

q

t3

(r rns BYIE) ---->

m o o EI 6 L I DE 5

moDE7

7 NE5

- -I I L

66rrN95

I

/hoDE 2-

1

( i r E x l) D E c (qu)1 1d

:

)-

(d6)

G

3 q

(

L

@e) @L\

6

(

kc)

6

4A

1 8

(do) (6 D)

t3 13

5Z

\

(rD\

13

q6

(60) (7 O)

13 13

lgo rq2

ex Arnrru E tJ

2.q

c 5d

J

I

6l

(o o)

/3

@o)

t3

lbo

@7)

1

(d't,

7

r'16 tqz

(rrr)

6.5

T c .!1

to

qq

s
V

7

M i x l n g G r a p hi c s { o d e s ,

II.

cont.

P R O C E D U RTEO S E T U P S C R E E NI N M I X E D M O D E S : 1.

Select nodes destred, then RAMnode froo table #2. exabple:

modes selecEed

look

-

up qhich

eode

I,

node 1s the

oode

7,

nax

Eode 2

7 = max RAM node

node

2. Use table *L to calculate the nunber of roode lines !hat lhe toial n u m b e r o f sc a n l t n e s * 1 9 2 .

such

exaEplel

1lres Iioe

Itne

I

I

1

l

I 48 IT2

56 t6

t92

TOTAL

3 . lf

r h . c . r a r n lhe Dax RAM Dode ls at the top ^f f h thls step: CaIcuLate the LYS byte hw cprr'ln' nlbble to 4, then use table llI ro f tnd rhe rtghl rhe drarh i.c rn.te :. fhe FnD of rh e v r h ^ l a

l -

r o c r

r r h \ ' .

=

3,

LMS byte

-

46

Yode

l,efl Nibble

ntbb1e for

= 6

(HEX)

C a l c u l a t e t h e n o d e b y t e f o r e a c h I 0o d e . Sei !he !o 0, use tabLe lI ro find the !lg ht ntbble for a v , F n 1 o .

c L { n

l c f F

4

de I

4.

r F a n c

lefr ntbble each 0ode.

Uo de Nlbble

( l { E x) 06 OD

o7

B -3-

Mlxlng Graphlcs Xodes, cont.

11.

PRoCEDURE T 0 S E T U P S C R E E NI N M I i E D U O D E S . c o n l . : 5,

Conve!t

all

bytes

dectnal

to

06 0D

Mode I Mode 7 Mode 2

6. Execute a graphics llode (.r15) . exardple:

| I

o7 | call

on

G R A P E T C S7 +

ihe

codputer

tabelted

exanple: Tf

the

rhis

polnter "START".

e x a n p1 e :

to

S T A R T = P E E K( 5 5 0 ) + P r E K ( 5 6 1 ) t

max RAM mode 1s at

s+Fn:

P.kc

rhp

the

loax RAM

l6

7 . P E E Kt h e D l s p l a y L i s i varlab le

using

the

T,Ys hvte

r^n

^{

r1la

.

c a 1 c u1 a t e a

2i6 + 4

creen, then sklp slART-t.

POKESTART-1,70

Every node line requlres a mode byre 1n the DlspIay Lisl in The lhe saEe order as lhe node 1lnes appear on lhe screen. n o d e b y t e s b u s L b e D 0 K E DL n l o r h e D I s p l a y L l s c a t l o c a t i o n S T A R T+ o f f s e t . w h e r e o f f s e r = D o d e I L n e l . Exanple:

M O D EL I N E #

POKEINSTRUCTION P o K E S T A R T+ P O K E S T A R T+ P O K E S T A R T+ P O K E S T A R T+ P o K ! S T A R T+

2 3 MODE I

5 6 MODE 7

for

MODE 2

64

2,6 3,6 4,6 5,6 6,6

loode 7 (Dax RAM Eode) ? o K E S T A R T+ 6 3 , t P O K E S T A R T+ 6 4 , 7

N0TE: .The Disptay L tst wiII already be correct f o r t h e E a x RAX node, therefore lts mode bytes do not need to be POKEd. B

-4-

Craphics

Mlxlng

M o d e s'

cont.

11.

, I0.

f oI1oi.'ed by the LO byte, then the ?OKE the JUMP lnstructlor for rhe JUMP The offset HI byte loto the Dtsplay I-1st. ?OKE 1s the last Dode 11ne # + I, for L0 byte tt 1s + 2' for HI byte 1t 1s + 3. exaople:

1II.

conl.:

(Las!

llode line

# 1 . ' a s6 4 )

REMARK

?OKE INSTRUCTION

JUMP I,O BYTE IIl BYTE

P O K E S T A R T1 . 6 5 , 6 5 POKE START+ 66, PEEK(560) POKE START+ 67, PEEK(56I)

P R O C E D U R TT O P R I N T A N D P ] - O T I N M I X E D } I O D E S

l.

1f the node 11$e ll's ot a tnode on the sc!een fa11 withln the !ange of that node's nornal node flne #'s !hen use the f ollowtng procedure: a. ?OKE 87 n'ith the node # of node b. Delernlrte the Y coordinate by cou11!lng !he/l c u i r e n l o f r h e s c r e e n t o t h e l o p lines fron the posMon. 1n lhe norDal llanner for that c. Deternlne !he X posllion Eode. PLOT and DRAWT0'or d. Dependlng on the node, either POSITION and PRINT. e. These s!eps Dust be done for each node on the screen 1ri s!ep 1. that neets the condltion exanple:

}IODEI

PoKE 87,1 P O S I T I O N2 , I : P R I N T I 6 ; " T E X T "

M O D E7

P O K E8 7 , 7 C o L 0 R 1 : P L o T 2 0 , 2 0 : D R A W T o3 0 , 3 0

MoDE 2

See step

2

Ml v i

III.

n o

C i - nhl . e

M ^ . l oc

P R 0 C E D U RTEo P R I I T A N D P L 0 T I N M I X E D v o l P S . c o ' r r . 2.

S o x d eb o d e s E a y h a v e r 0 o d e l i r e range. e:.ampIe:

/l's

ou!slde

of

their

noroal

Xode 2 nor$a11y has node 11ne #'s I through 12 (fu1I screen). T h e s e a r e n o d l f l e d t o / 1 6 3a n d #64 1n exanple #1.

To prevenL the conputer from givlng ouc oi rarge" error nessageche Folloirlngprocedure can be used: a , S e t a v a r t a b l e I a b e l l e d " M E 1 4 S Tr "o b e t h e d i s p l a y

b.

l , l E M S T= P E E K ( S T A R T )+ P E E K ( S T A R T+ l ) * 2 5 6 S e t a v a r l a b l e l a b e l l e d C H R P 0 St o p o s l t l o n c h a r : a c t e r : s to be prlnted on the target Llne. C E R P O S = . ' . l E l r s T+

R = Yr = M

=

[(Mr -I)*R-U,

* ( R _ 2 0 ) - 1 , 1 3* ( R - 1 0 ) ] + X

line. che RAV per 11ne of the Yax RAM Yode the Uode Line + of Lhe target Line. flaa

n,tFhpr

llne

abovP

.f

-hF

' { r = t h e n L r m b e ro f l'-e

ch^vF

'hF

n^,ra

rtable

,/l),

l

-rrdpF

line.

m o d e 1i n e s o f r:roar

L0 bytes of RAY per

rine.

ExanpLe: calculate C H R P O Sf o r l . I o d e 1 - i n e # 6 4 ( t h e last tlne of rhe Mode 2 area) at horizootal posltton 5.

x

=

5

R = 40 Mr = 6a M, 7 (6 from Mode 1 area, I fron Mode 2 area.). M " = 0 ( 6 4 - l ) * 4 0 - 7 *( 4 0 - 2 0 ) - 0 * ( 4 0 - r 0I )+ s CHRPO S = l . l E M S T+ ( 6 3 ) ' , 4 0 - 7 * ( 2 0 ) _ 0 r ( 3I 0+ )5 c H R P oS = : , l E M S T + CERPO S = )IEMST+ 2 5 2 0 - 1 4 0 1+ 5 C E R P 0 S= M E M S T+ [ 2 3 8 0 ] + 5 CHRPoS=YEMST+2385

B -6-

Mixlng Craphlcs Uodes, cont. lII.

P R O C E D U RTEO P R I N T A N D P L o T I N M I X E D M O D E S , c o n r , c.

d.

Tf fe!r characters \r111be printed, then each charac!er,s internal value day be fooked up in the In!erna1 Characre! Ser Table (Tab1e 9.6) , tn rhe ne!, BASIC Reference Manual. This value is rhen p0KED lnto CIIRPOS . If srrlngs are to be outpu!, and 1f rhe ATASCII vatues of all rhe characters 11e irlthlo one of the tanges shown tn rhe rable belol,', rhen do rhe follor,ingl I ) 0btatn rhe appropriate ATASCII vatue range fo! the char act exs 2 ) D o t h e 0 P E R A T I O Nt h e ! a b l e t n d l c a r e s o n r h e ATASCII value of each characrer. 3 ) p 0 K E t h t s v a l u e i n t o c E R p o sA T A S CI I V A L U E RANGE

0-31 32-95 96-r27 t28-159 t60-223 224-255 lxaEple:

I)

2) l)

4)

] I

OPERATION Value

+

64

NONE Value

+

64

NONE

assuse we want to prlnr Ehe vord "TEXT'i In !he Eode 2 area of exac0ple #l us Lng previously. the CHRP0Scalculated rhese characters are 1n the ATASCII VALUE RANGE of "32 ' 95". t5e OPIRATI0N for c\is !aflge Is "VaIue-32", so 32 Eust be subtracted fro0 each ATASCII valu e. the progran statesents !7ould non look I ike this:

TS(I,4) = "TExT" C H R P o S = Y E M S T+ 2 3 8 5 I o R X = I TO L E N ( T $ ) P O K E C 1 I R PS O + x - r , A s NEXT X

c l T $( x ,x) l - 32

A t

(0PERATI0N: value

4 -

5 ) r h a F n c / \ " v _ l n n . P O < c <E h e f l r s c charac!er of T$, ASCIT$(X,X)l-32, into CHRPO S + 0, 6) the next lreration P0KEs the next cha!acter of T$ lnto the next CHRP0S, and s' 'n' B -7-

l

32)

ltlodes, cont.

G!aphlcs

Mixlng

TAB',E # I

R I GllT NIBBI-E (HEX)

1EFT REMARR N I B B L E (ItEX)

o

ClTAR

SC A N I.INES PER I,IODE LINE

PER PI X E L

1----Z----l-.i-

|

s

RA}1 MODE PER LlNE

',} c0L0Rs

|

7

I

-

I 40

MODES (;l

20 l0

^

l

(-1 ) l |

1

GRAPH IC MODES

40

40

0 81,ANK I

BLANK

0-7 SP

UMP

MP

IAL

at the toP of the When the llax R A t { m o d e 1 s ! ! 3 m usl be changed lo b y t e o f E h e L l { S n l b b l e lefl

Lef t

I

I[ode bytes

nlbb te

after

the LYS bY!e.

is conErolted by setcolor the field Col.or & Luro fo! o r g r a p hi c s f r o o s e t c o l o r l . Lun for charactors JUUP B 1 - A N K-

used !o end the beginnlng. lo

output

dlsPlaY

selected

lisl

nuober of

the

screen, a 4'

and return

!o

aod

2'

!he

b a c k g r o u n d 1 1 n es .

B -8-

Ytxing

Graphics Yodes, cont. TABLE #2 GRAPIlICS MODES RAMREQUIREMENTS

,',tode

+

I

8i38

16

8112

8 'l

By!es

4240

+ 16

7

4190

6 + I6

2t84

6

2 1 74

5 + I6

II76

5

It7 4 696

I6 4

6 94

3 + l6

432

3

L34

2 + I

424

2

t+24 6 72

16 I

614

0

992

these valu es tnclude u nu sed rnernory

!he

display

list

a n d any

tllbedded

e€l

e9'8

b

ag

e9'g 3

3';

Eg.;F

FgE

z

e F

uJ iI o

3

r

H9;E

5E€

cg.;F

Eg9

RB;E

3

z

=

o = l! =

d $

:

5E€

eaEc

FgE e.t

3

r

E:E E':

esEs = 3

'EE

E e' ; E

B- 10

I

I 3

E: . ; E a

: 3

€& ;F

3

*. A i :E

I ?

g 9 . 5F

+

F q

B;;E

z

Es

3

E O

E

10 :.4=

3 € . ;F g

o-

E B = gR

= =

T

t

',2

r I*

F$='

A P P E N D IX C :

PI NOUTS

Ye!]!9l-iesl-l!!-q-_eo ry L D.f.N

5 Jack Audio

OutDut

Coilposite

4

6

10

8

I 1. 2 . Clock

11

Output

4 . Ground 5 . Data Output 6 . cround '7. cor,mand

Controller

\ri rla^

i ra

2

6

(Joystick) (Joystick) (Joystick) (Joysiick) D^+oh+

12

13 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Motor Contro I Proceed +5/Ready . a . uido l n p u t +12 volts

l'l

rh+or.,1^+

Jack L

a

a^mn^c

f ,/O Jack 2

12. 3. 4.

Luninence

Chroma

Ground

Serial

Composite

3

7

4

8

Fo4eard Input Back TnPut Left rnput Right Input

i ^ma+or

T.^f+

5

9

b. 7. 8. 9.

l rrgger LnpuE +5 vofts cround A Potentiometer

Input