Assessment Of Coastal Pond Condition And Aquaculture Activities In Pidie District After The Tsunami
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International Symposium
Land Use after the Tsunami Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia November 4-6, 2008
Proceedings
Managing Board Dr. T. Fadrial Karmil Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Dr. Arifudin Bidin Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
Prof. Walter Wenzel University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, Vienna, Austria
Prof. Torsten Müller Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany
Prof. Eckhard George Humboldt University, Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Berlin and Großbeeren, Germany
Dr. Laxman Joshi World Agroforestry Centre Southeast Asia, Bogor, Indonesia
Edited by: Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun, Syahabuddin
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL POND CONDITION AND AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES IN PIDIE DISTRICT AFTER THE TSUNAMI Muchlisin, Z.A, Siti Azizah, M. N., and N. Fadli Muchlisin Z.A1.2 , Siti Azizah M. N.2, and Nur Fadli1 1 Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, NAD, Indonesia 2 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; [email protected] Abstract The Aceh Province was the hardest hit area during the Tsunami catastrophe in 2004, causing serious impact on coastal ponds, resulting in moderate to severe damage. Most of the ponds have not been reconstructed or rehabilitated to this day. This condition has affected the livelihood of fish farmers due to loss of their daily income. Effective rehabilitation and recontruction of the ponds needs proper planning. One of the strategy is to evaluate the level of damage in every affected location. This information is important for prioritisation of locations and budgeting . In this study we assessed the severity of damage to the ponds along the coast line of Pidie involving 10 sub districts. The survey method was utilised in this study based on the scoring technique to evaluate the degree of damage. The results showed that most of the ponds in Pidie were moderately damaged. However, serious damages were found in Batee, Simpang Tiga and the Ulim sub districts. Therefore, there is an urgent need for rehabilitation and reconstruction of ponds in these locations. In general, the effect was more severe at ponds located near to river mouths or in the absence of coastal forests. We recommend that the river mouths be repaired to ensure sufficient water supply for all of the ponds in the vicinity. Furthermore, the coastal forests need to be replanted as a buffer to protect the pond from the adverse effect of high tides and typhoons. Key words: Tsunami, coastal pond, aquaculture, livelihood Introduction Fisheries are one of the most important sectors for the livelihood of the Acehnese people. At least 55% of the Acehnese are directly dependent on fisheries resources and about 80% indirectly dependent on the above sector (Yusuf, 2003). The massive tsunami on 26 December 2004 badly affected the fishery activities in Aceh. The livelihood of people in the fishery sector has been hardest hit and the losses of income in this sector make up more than one-third of total losses due to the disaster. In order to minimize losses in the flow of income, it is important to rejuvenate these sectors as quickly as possible. The most severe destruction occurred along the western coast. Fortunately the more intensive coastal pond aquaculture activities that were located in the east coast region including in Pidie district with affected to varying degrees. However, this has serious repercussions on the livelihoods of fishing communities in Pidie district. Three years on the comprehensiveness of damage assessments, especially with regard to specific fishery locations and damage levels, are still far from complete. Information on the degree of damage is important to strategize proper planning and prioritization. Therefore, there is a strong need for planning and prioritization of livelihood rehabilitation efforts.
226
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
The objective of the present assessment is to evaluate the degree of damage levels of coastal aquaculture pond in the Pidie district and to identify locations for high priority rehabilitation effort. Material and Methods The survey method utilised in this study to evaluate the degree of damage was based on the scoring technique according to Muchlisin et al., (2006). Sampling sites The survey was carried out in ten subdistricts namely; Batee, Pidie, Kota Sigli, Simpang Tiga, Kembang tanjung, Bandar Baru, Pante Raja, Trieng Gadeng, Meureudu and Ulim. Five sampling points were randomly determined at each sampling site with a minimum area of one ha (100 x 100 m). Data collection Both primary and secondary data were collected during the survey. Primary data was based on scoring chat and interviews with key people of the local fishing community. Secondary data was collected from relevant authorities such as the Department of Marine and Fisheries affairs, Panglima Laot and the Head of sub-district Office etc. Physical conditions of ponds such as dykes, water outlet and inlet, sand bars, coastal forest, river mouth, access to water sources, infrastructure and facilities were examined to assess the degree of damage (Appendix 1). Additional data such as availability of seeds, feed, capital, fish species reared both before and after tsunami were also collected (Appendix 2). Physical parameters were weighted (W) on a scale of 1 to 3. The physical condition of the pond was the most important factor and given a high weightage (3 points), followed by other factors such as condition of sand bar (2 points), coastal forest (2 points), accessibility (1 point) etc. Each parameter was ranked (R) between of 1 to 3, where 1 for no damage, 2 for moderate damage and 3 for severe damage. Multiplication between of W and R is the value of each parameter (Appendix 1). All parameter values were totaled and calculation made for the values of the median (44), minimum (22) and maximum (66). Then after determined the range (14.66) for three levels of damage: No damage (22.00 - 36.66), moderately damaged (36.67 - 51.32), severely damaged (51.33 – 66.00). Results and Discussion Coastal pond condition The survey was done three years after the tsunami and the condition of some ponds have changed, some have even been rehabilitated. Therefore the survey was only focused in locations which have not been intervened. In general, the condition of coastal ponds in Pidie district was not so seriously damaged (moderate damage). However, some of the ponds were severely damaged and most of severe damage occurred near the river mouth or closed to the coastal line (<100 m). About 33.33% of the coastal aquaculture pond in Batee, Simpang Tiga and Ulim were severely damaged, while only 20% of the ponds in Kembang Tanjung were seriously damaged. Coastal pond condition in other locations were however only moderately damaged (Table 1).
227
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
Table 1: The degree of damage of coastal ponds based on sub districts Level of damages Number of Sub districts Severe Low or No sampling sites No (%) damaged (%) Moderate (%) Batee 3 1 33.33 0 66.66 2 Pidie 0 100 0 1 3 Kota Sigli 0 50.00 50.00 4 Simpang Tiga 3 4 33.33 66.66 0 Kembang Tanjung 5 5 20.00 80.00 0 Bandar Baru 2 6 0 100 0 Pante Raja 2 7 0 100 0 Trienggadeng 3 8 0 66.66 33.33 Meureudu 1 9 0 100 0 3 10 Ulim 33.33 66.66 0
Our study showed that the coastal forest was an effective barrier to the tsunami wave. The ponds located behind coastal forests mostly only suffered very little to no damage. Besides coastal forest, the presences of sand bars had also protected the coastal ponds. However, most of the sand bars and river mouth were broken and affected. Most of the locations sampled were moderately accessible. Aquaculture activities There was no different in fish species reared before and after the tsunami. Most of the fishermen cultured milk fish (Channos channos) and shrimp (Peneaus spp) whether based on monoculture or polyculture practices at extensive or semi intensive levels. According to the local fisherman that there was no problem in larvae supply because there were some small hatcheries in the vicinity. Unfortunately, they faced problem in feed supply due to the absence of feed factory in Aceh and most of the feed was supplied from Medan. This resulted in increased prices of feed and decreased profit margin for fish farmers. Besides that the fish farmers lack capital to start and expand their activities. According to the local fish farmers very limited attention is paid to this sector especially in the Pidie district, where several ponds have been rehabilitated but no program in capacity building or capital injections has been implemented. Interestingly, these fish farmers have made additional affords to supplement their daily income such as involving in small trading, livestock or brokering. Aquaculture affords require at least four to six months to achieve production time, therefore these alternative income sources help to supplement their daily needs. Most of the ponds belong to the fish farmers while some rented from landlords with profit sharing of three portions for fish farmer and one portion for landlord (1:3). Unfortunately some of the fish farmers have to turn to loan-sharks to fulfill their daily needs. Conclusion and Recomendations In generally, most of the coastal ponds in Pidie district were moderately damaged. However, serious damages in some location were observed in Batee, Simpang Tiga and Ulim sub districts especially near to the river mouth and areas unprotected by coastal forests. Many fish farmers have not been able to start their activities as many fish ponds have not been rehabilitated and limitation of capital. Economically, the livelihood of fisherman is badly affected by the tsunami even some have lost income sources.
228
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
Therefore, there is strong need for a synergy program of physical rehabilitation and capacity building. References Liew, S. C., Kam, S.P., Chen, P and Muchlisin Z.A. 2005. Mapping tsunami affected coastal aquaculture areas in northern Sumatera using high resolution satellite imagery. Prosiding “Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Hanoy, 7-11 November 2005. 1-5 pp. Muchlisin Z.A and Muhammadar. 2005. Pemulihan kondisi ekonomi masyarakat pesisir pasca tsunami di NAD : analisa kebutuhan nelayan di pantai barat. Oxfam – Department of marine Sciences faculty of Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. 165 p. Muchlisin Z.A., Edirudi., Sutekad, D., and Nasir, M. 2005. Kajian kondisi perikanan pasca tsunami di Kabupaten Aceh Utara Provinsi NAD. Wetland Internasional and Department of Marine Sciences Faculty of sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. 57 p. Kam, S.P, Muchlisin Z.A.,and Liew, S.C. 2006. Using satellite imagery to assessing coastal pond damage along east coast. The World Fish Center, Penang. Yusuf. Q. 2003. Empowerment of panglima laot in Aceh. International workshop on Marine Science and Resource. Banda Aceh, 11-13 March, 2003.
229
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
Appendix 1: Ground check scoring chat No.
1 a
Factor
Factor weight
Physical pond Dyke
Water inlet/outlet
Tsunami effect on access to sea water
Tsunami effect on access to freshwater
Accessibility to location/pond
Reliability of supply (feed/fry)
3 2 1
6 4 2
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
6 4 2
3 2 1
6 4 2
3 2 1
6 4 2
3 2
6 4
1
2
3 2 1
3 2 1
2
Not easy Moderately easy Very easy
9
6 4 2
2
Not easy Moderately easy Very easy
b
3 2 1
2
Severely affected Partly affected Not affected
8
6 4 2
2
Severely affected Partly affected Not affected
7
3 2 1
1
Debris Many Not so many Not present
6
9 6 3
2
River mouth (if present) Totally damaged Partly damaged Not damaged
5
3 2 1
2
Coastal forest (if present) Totally damaged Partly damaged Not damaged
4
9 6 3
2
Sand bar (if present) Totally damaged Partly damaged Not damaged
3
3 2 1
Mark
3
Totally damaged Partly damaged Not damaged
2
Weight X rank
3
Totally damaged Partly damaged Not damaged
b
Factor rank
Dependence on aquaculture
1
Totally dependent Partially dependent Not dependent
Total score Max Min Mean Range
66 22 44 14.66
Totally damaged = 51.33 – 66 Partly damaged = 36.67 -51.32 No damage = 22 - 36.66
230
Notes
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
Appendix 2: General site information about aquaculture ponds Note: The recording of the characteristics listed below should reflect the most common situation for majority of ponds (say >50%) in the visited location Answer 1 What was cultured before the tsunami? a. Fish
c. Shrimp and fish
b. Shrimp
What type?
2 What is cultured after the tsunami? a. Same as before b. Different from tsunami before tsunami
c. Ponds not used If (b), what type?
3 Scale of operation a. Extensive
b. Semi intensive
c. Intensive
4 Tenancy a. Farmer
b. Rent
c. Landlord
5 Source of sea water a. Pumping from sea
b. Pumping from river
c. Flow from nearby ponds
6 Source of fresh water a. Reservoir
b. Pumping from river
c. Flow from nearby ponds
7 Source of capital for operating ponds a. Farmer
b. Loan
c. Landlord If (b), from which institution?
8 Type of soil a. Clayey
c. Loamy
c. Sandy
231
Notes
Land Use after the Tsunami Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia November 4-6, 2008
Proceedings
Managing Board Dr. T. Fadrial Karmil Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Dr. Arifudin Bidin Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
Prof. Walter Wenzel University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science, Vienna, Austria
Prof. Torsten Müller Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany
Prof. Eckhard George Humboldt University, Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Berlin and Großbeeren, Germany
Dr. Laxman Joshi World Agroforestry Centre Southeast Asia, Bogor, Indonesia
Edited by: Henrike Perner, Andrea George, Zaitun, Syahabuddin
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL POND CONDITION AND AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES IN PIDIE DISTRICT AFTER THE TSUNAMI Muchlisin, Z.A, Siti Azizah, M. N., and N. Fadli Muchlisin Z.A1.2 , Siti Azizah M. N.2, and Nur Fadli1 1 Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, NAD, Indonesia 2 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; [email protected] Abstract The Aceh Province was the hardest hit area during the Tsunami catastrophe in 2004, causing serious impact on coastal ponds, resulting in moderate to severe damage. Most of the ponds have not been reconstructed or rehabilitated to this day. This condition has affected the livelihood of fish farmers due to loss of their daily income. Effective rehabilitation and recontruction of the ponds needs proper planning. One of the strategy is to evaluate the level of damage in every affected location. This information is important for prioritisation of locations and budgeting . In this study we assessed the severity of damage to the ponds along the coast line of Pidie involving 10 sub districts. The survey method was utilised in this study based on the scoring technique to evaluate the degree of damage. The results showed that most of the ponds in Pidie were moderately damaged. However, serious damages were found in Batee, Simpang Tiga and the Ulim sub districts. Therefore, there is an urgent need for rehabilitation and reconstruction of ponds in these locations. In general, the effect was more severe at ponds located near to river mouths or in the absence of coastal forests. We recommend that the river mouths be repaired to ensure sufficient water supply for all of the ponds in the vicinity. Furthermore, the coastal forests need to be replanted as a buffer to protect the pond from the adverse effect of high tides and typhoons. Key words: Tsunami, coastal pond, aquaculture, livelihood Introduction Fisheries are one of the most important sectors for the livelihood of the Acehnese people. At least 55% of the Acehnese are directly dependent on fisheries resources and about 80% indirectly dependent on the above sector (Yusuf, 2003). The massive tsunami on 26 December 2004 badly affected the fishery activities in Aceh. The livelihood of people in the fishery sector has been hardest hit and the losses of income in this sector make up more than one-third of total losses due to the disaster. In order to minimize losses in the flow of income, it is important to rejuvenate these sectors as quickly as possible. The most severe destruction occurred along the western coast. Fortunately the more intensive coastal pond aquaculture activities that were located in the east coast region including in Pidie district with affected to varying degrees. However, this has serious repercussions on the livelihoods of fishing communities in Pidie district. Three years on the comprehensiveness of damage assessments, especially with regard to specific fishery locations and damage levels, are still far from complete. Information on the degree of damage is important to strategize proper planning and prioritization. Therefore, there is a strong need for planning and prioritization of livelihood rehabilitation efforts.
226
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
The objective of the present assessment is to evaluate the degree of damage levels of coastal aquaculture pond in the Pidie district and to identify locations for high priority rehabilitation effort. Material and Methods The survey method utilised in this study to evaluate the degree of damage was based on the scoring technique according to Muchlisin et al., (2006). Sampling sites The survey was carried out in ten subdistricts namely; Batee, Pidie, Kota Sigli, Simpang Tiga, Kembang tanjung, Bandar Baru, Pante Raja, Trieng Gadeng, Meureudu and Ulim. Five sampling points were randomly determined at each sampling site with a minimum area of one ha (100 x 100 m). Data collection Both primary and secondary data were collected during the survey. Primary data was based on scoring chat and interviews with key people of the local fishing community. Secondary data was collected from relevant authorities such as the Department of Marine and Fisheries affairs, Panglima Laot and the Head of sub-district Office etc. Physical conditions of ponds such as dykes, water outlet and inlet, sand bars, coastal forest, river mouth, access to water sources, infrastructure and facilities were examined to assess the degree of damage (Appendix 1). Additional data such as availability of seeds, feed, capital, fish species reared both before and after tsunami were also collected (Appendix 2). Physical parameters were weighted (W) on a scale of 1 to 3. The physical condition of the pond was the most important factor and given a high weightage (3 points), followed by other factors such as condition of sand bar (2 points), coastal forest (2 points), accessibility (1 point) etc. Each parameter was ranked (R) between of 1 to 3, where 1 for no damage, 2 for moderate damage and 3 for severe damage. Multiplication between of W and R is the value of each parameter (Appendix 1). All parameter values were totaled and calculation made for the values of the median (44), minimum (22) and maximum (66). Then after determined the range (14.66) for three levels of damage: No damage (22.00 - 36.66), moderately damaged (36.67 - 51.32), severely damaged (51.33 – 66.00). Results and Discussion Coastal pond condition The survey was done three years after the tsunami and the condition of some ponds have changed, some have even been rehabilitated. Therefore the survey was only focused in locations which have not been intervened. In general, the condition of coastal ponds in Pidie district was not so seriously damaged (moderate damage). However, some of the ponds were severely damaged and most of severe damage occurred near the river mouth or closed to the coastal line (<100 m). About 33.33% of the coastal aquaculture pond in Batee, Simpang Tiga and Ulim were severely damaged, while only 20% of the ponds in Kembang Tanjung were seriously damaged. Coastal pond condition in other locations were however only moderately damaged (Table 1).
227
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
Table 1: The degree of damage of coastal ponds based on sub districts Level of damages Number of Sub districts Severe Low or No sampling sites No (%) damaged (%) Moderate (%) Batee 3 1 33.33 0 66.66 2 Pidie 0 100 0 1 3 Kota Sigli 0 50.00 50.00 4 Simpang Tiga 3 4 33.33 66.66 0 Kembang Tanjung 5 5 20.00 80.00 0 Bandar Baru 2 6 0 100 0 Pante Raja 2 7 0 100 0 Trienggadeng 3 8 0 66.66 33.33 Meureudu 1 9 0 100 0 3 10 Ulim 33.33 66.66 0
Our study showed that the coastal forest was an effective barrier to the tsunami wave. The ponds located behind coastal forests mostly only suffered very little to no damage. Besides coastal forest, the presences of sand bars had also protected the coastal ponds. However, most of the sand bars and river mouth were broken and affected. Most of the locations sampled were moderately accessible. Aquaculture activities There was no different in fish species reared before and after the tsunami. Most of the fishermen cultured milk fish (Channos channos) and shrimp (Peneaus spp) whether based on monoculture or polyculture practices at extensive or semi intensive levels. According to the local fisherman that there was no problem in larvae supply because there were some small hatcheries in the vicinity. Unfortunately, they faced problem in feed supply due to the absence of feed factory in Aceh and most of the feed was supplied from Medan. This resulted in increased prices of feed and decreased profit margin for fish farmers. Besides that the fish farmers lack capital to start and expand their activities. According to the local fish farmers very limited attention is paid to this sector especially in the Pidie district, where several ponds have been rehabilitated but no program in capacity building or capital injections has been implemented. Interestingly, these fish farmers have made additional affords to supplement their daily income such as involving in small trading, livestock or brokering. Aquaculture affords require at least four to six months to achieve production time, therefore these alternative income sources help to supplement their daily needs. Most of the ponds belong to the fish farmers while some rented from landlords with profit sharing of three portions for fish farmer and one portion for landlord (1:3). Unfortunately some of the fish farmers have to turn to loan-sharks to fulfill their daily needs. Conclusion and Recomendations In generally, most of the coastal ponds in Pidie district were moderately damaged. However, serious damages in some location were observed in Batee, Simpang Tiga and Ulim sub districts especially near to the river mouth and areas unprotected by coastal forests. Many fish farmers have not been able to start their activities as many fish ponds have not been rehabilitated and limitation of capital. Economically, the livelihood of fisherman is badly affected by the tsunami even some have lost income sources.
228
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
Therefore, there is strong need for a synergy program of physical rehabilitation and capacity building. References Liew, S. C., Kam, S.P., Chen, P and Muchlisin Z.A. 2005. Mapping tsunami affected coastal aquaculture areas in northern Sumatera using high resolution satellite imagery. Prosiding “Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Hanoy, 7-11 November 2005. 1-5 pp. Muchlisin Z.A and Muhammadar. 2005. Pemulihan kondisi ekonomi masyarakat pesisir pasca tsunami di NAD : analisa kebutuhan nelayan di pantai barat. Oxfam – Department of marine Sciences faculty of Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. 165 p. Muchlisin Z.A., Edirudi., Sutekad, D., and Nasir, M. 2005. Kajian kondisi perikanan pasca tsunami di Kabupaten Aceh Utara Provinsi NAD. Wetland Internasional and Department of Marine Sciences Faculty of sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. 57 p. Kam, S.P, Muchlisin Z.A.,and Liew, S.C. 2006. Using satellite imagery to assessing coastal pond damage along east coast. The World Fish Center, Penang. Yusuf. Q. 2003. Empowerment of panglima laot in Aceh. International workshop on Marine Science and Resource. Banda Aceh, 11-13 March, 2003.
229
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
Appendix 1: Ground check scoring chat No.
1 a
Factor
Factor weight
Physical pond Dyke
Water inlet/outlet
Tsunami effect on access to sea water
Tsunami effect on access to freshwater
Accessibility to location/pond
Reliability of supply (feed/fry)
3 2 1
6 4 2
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
6 4 2
3 2 1
6 4 2
3 2 1
6 4 2
3 2
6 4
1
2
3 2 1
3 2 1
2
Not easy Moderately easy Very easy
9
6 4 2
2
Not easy Moderately easy Very easy
b
3 2 1
2
Severely affected Partly affected Not affected
8
6 4 2
2
Severely affected Partly affected Not affected
7
3 2 1
1
Debris Many Not so many Not present
6
9 6 3
2
River mouth (if present) Totally damaged Partly damaged Not damaged
5
3 2 1
2
Coastal forest (if present) Totally damaged Partly damaged Not damaged
4
9 6 3
2
Sand bar (if present) Totally damaged Partly damaged Not damaged
3
3 2 1
Mark
3
Totally damaged Partly damaged Not damaged
2
Weight X rank
3
Totally damaged Partly damaged Not damaged
b
Factor rank
Dependence on aquaculture
1
Totally dependent Partially dependent Not dependent
Total score Max Min Mean Range
66 22 44 14.66
Totally damaged = 51.33 – 66 Partly damaged = 36.67 -51.32 No damage = 22 - 36.66
230
Notes
Poster
International Symposium Land Use after the Tsunami – Supporting Education, Research and Development in the Aceh Region November 4-6, 2008
Appendix 2: General site information about aquaculture ponds Note: The recording of the characteristics listed below should reflect the most common situation for majority of ponds (say >50%) in the visited location Answer 1 What was cultured before the tsunami? a. Fish
c. Shrimp and fish
b. Shrimp
What type?
2 What is cultured after the tsunami? a. Same as before b. Different from tsunami before tsunami
c. Ponds not used If (b), what type?
3 Scale of operation a. Extensive
b. Semi intensive
c. Intensive
4 Tenancy a. Farmer
b. Rent
c. Landlord
5 Source of sea water a. Pumping from sea
b. Pumping from river
c. Flow from nearby ponds
6 Source of fresh water a. Reservoir
b. Pumping from river
c. Flow from nearby ponds
7 Source of capital for operating ponds a. Farmer
b. Loan
c. Landlord If (b), from which institution?
8 Type of soil a. Clayey
c. Loamy
c. Sandy
231
Notes
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