Architectural Structures Notes.docx

ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES A unitless ratio on the extreme compressive fiber when concrete starts to fail.  0.003 3. The formula or equation in finding the area of concrete under compression. (Mc)  bkd 4. The nominal moment passing through the compressive & tensile components of the RC beam in the stress profile.  Jd 5. The polar moment of inertia passing through the moment arm in compression and tension of the RC beam in stress profile  Jd 6. An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of the beam, along which no bending stresses occur.  Neutral Axis 7. The part of the beam which shows the transformed section, stress profile and strain profile.  Span 8. The term in working stress design, refers to reinforced concrete beam in which the cross-sectional areas of concrete and steel are of such dimensions that each develops its full allowable stress simultaneously:  Balanced Design 9. It is the concentration of compressive forces acting on the concrete section of the beam, named after Charles Whitney adopted by ACI in 1956.  Stress Block 10. An imaginary cross section of a beam in which the steel is replaced by a hypothetical concrete area that is n times area of the steel. The imaginary concrete area has the same modulus of elasticity as the concrete in compression above the neutral axis.  Transformed Section 11. In balanced design, the general formula in the investigation of RC beam.  Kd = Fc dn Fs+FcN 12. In balanced design, the moment passing through the RC beam for concrete under compressive stress.  Mc = Fc (b) (kd) (jd) ½ 13. A principle of Geometry derived from the formula K = [fc / (fs / n) + fc] used in the design and investigation of RC beams.  Similar Triangles 14. The formula or equation in determining the value of Jd  d-Kd/3 15. In balanced design, the moment passing through the RC beam for steel under flexural stress.  MT = Fs (jd) As 2.

STRUCTURAL CONCEPTUALIZATION 1. A structural element that carries load that is applied transverse (perpendicular) to its length.  Beam 2. A force that acts perpendicular to the axis of the member, causing the internal particles of the member to slide against each other.  Shear 3. The structure can maintain its shape when loads are applied to it.  Stability 4. A structural element that is made up of arches that radiate around a center point to create a half sphere.  Dome 5. A force that squeezes or presses a member together.  Compression 6. The bottom fiber of a cantilever beam is in what type of force.  Tension 7. The top fiber of a cantilever beam is in what type of force.  Compression 8. The capacity of a structure to carry the loads applied to it.  Strength 9. A force that is supported by a structural element.  Load 10. A structural element that work together to provide a strong, stable, and cost-effective system.  Beam, Column, Truss 11. A structural element that is composed of smaller structural members typically configured in triangular arrangements.  Truss 12. Structural sub-systems that work together to provide a strong, stable, and cost-effective structure.  Floor, Foundation, Framing 13. A force that stretches or pulls apart a member.  Tension 14. A vertical structural element that carries an axial force in compression.  Column INVESTIGATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM 15. For strength reduction factor β is 0.85 Fc for concrete strength equal to?  4,000 psi 16. The minimum concrete cover to protect the steel exposed to weather where concrete has already failed in tension.  50mm 17. What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of mild steel?  7,850 Kg 18. What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of water?  1,000 Kg

INVESTIGATION OF BEAM 1. The property of steel denoted as the ratio of elastic modulus to that of concrete elastic modulus. n

STRUCTURAL CONCEPT 16. Weakening or failure of a material at a stress below the elastic limit when subjected to a repeated series of stresses.  Fatigue 17. Honey comb voids in concrete can be limited by the use of…  Vibrator 18. A bended rod to resist shear and diagonal stresses in a concrete beam is called?  Stirrups

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Part of the stress profile in RC beam measured from the extreme compressive fiber to the central axis of the reinforcing steel bar.  Effective Depth A deformed bar, embedded in a concrete construction at a joint and designed to hold a butting edge together, not designed for direct load transfer.  Dowel The analysis of the stress, strain and deflection characteristics of structural behavior is referred to.  Structural Analysis The measure of the stiffness of a material is called?  Effective Length It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or window to carry the wall over opening.  Lintel Beam The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it.  Deflection Steel reinforcement which is placed in a concrete slab, or the like, to minimize the possibility of developing cracks as a result of temperature changes.  Temperature Bar Resistance offered to the movement of one body past another body with which it is in contact.  Friction It is a general term applied for all forces which act upon a structure and anything else which causes stresses or deformation within the structure, or part thereof.  Loads What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of concrete?  2,400 Kg The contact force between two opposing objects.  Bearing Stress A wall designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the plane of the wall.  Shear Wall

NATIONAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES 31. The maximum diameter of reinforcing bars that can be bundled as one available in the Philippine market.  36mm 32. An expansion joint’s adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements between them is called?  Contraction Joint 33. How is a 90 degree bend standard hook for concrete reinforcement constructed?  90 degree bend plus 12 db extension, at free and of the bar. 34. A bend or curve given to develop an equivalent embedment length, used where there is insufficient room to develop in adequate embedment length.  Hook 35. The main reinforcing bar resisting tension at the support of a beam.  Top Bar 36. The main reinforcing bar resisting tension at the span of a beam.  Bottom Bar 37. (NSCP 407.7.3) the minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer must be db but not less than.  25mm

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Standard hooks are bends made at the end of a reinforcing bar according to standards. Which of the bends does not belong to the group?  150° (NSCP 403.20) a complete record test of materials and of concrete shall be available for inspection during the progress of work. How many years of completion of the project shall certificates be preserved by inspecting engineer or architect?  2 years (NSCP 403.20) the minimum bend diameter for 10mm through 25mm bars.  6db A joint gap between adjacent parts of the building, structure or concrete work which permits their relative movement due to temperature changes (or other conditions) without rupture or damage.  Expansion joint (NSCP 407.8.1) the minimum clear concrete covering for cast in place slab.  20mm Cracking of concrete in general is the result of:  High flexural stress due to bending  Restraint of volume change  Excessive deflection A groove which is formed, sawed or tooled in a concrete or masonry to structure to regulate the location and amount of cracking and separation resulting from dimensional change of different parts of the structure, thereby avoiding the development of high stresses.  Control Joint A force acting perpendicular to the surface of an object which tend the material to slip past adjacent part.  Shear Stress The term given to the tendency for concrete to continue to strain over period of time when the stress is constant:  Creep (NSCP 412.3.1) development length for deformed bars in tension shall be less than  300mm Formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete is placed  Cold Joint The vertical or horizontal face in concrete structure where concreting has been stopped and continued later.  Construction Joint The minimum length of straight reinforcing rod which is required to anchor it in concrete  Effective length