Archeology Cheat-sheet - October 29th 2007

2.6 MYA to 200k/150k YA

Only found in Africa Homo Habilis

First found at olduvai gorge, tanzania first tool makers

2.6MYA - 1.5MYA

'Choppers and cleavers' Core tools

Lower Paleolithic

Oldowan

Major Technologies

First to leave Australia

Homo Erectus

not found in the new world

1.5MYA - 150kBP

Hand axes First 'preconceived notion of tools'

Acheulean

Controlled use of fire binary pattern of artifact distribution

found only in Europe first evidence of possible ritual (shanidar cave, iraq - evidence for intentional burial of dead, care for handicap/elderly)

Homo sapien neanderthalensis 150,000-35,000BP

20 miles from Johannesburg Robert Broom

Key People

C.K. Brain Use of fire dated to 1my BP

Swartkrans

Le Ferrassie, France

South Africa

Key Discoveries

cemetery, 2 adults, 4 children (family group?) Child Burial in circle of goat skulls

Teshik Tash, Turkestan

7 Burials

Leakeys

Key People

Homo Ergaster Homo Habilus

Shanidar, Iraq (44k YA)

Flower pollen in grave

Burial Sites

Olduvai Gorge Fossils

crippled older man

Tanzania Kebara Cave, isreal

60,000 YA

Isimila

hyoid bone

Neatherthals and Cannibalism? Krapina, Yguoslavia

John Desmond Clark

Key People

Astralapithicus aforensis

Kalambo Falls

Mt. Circeo, Italy

Major Technologies

Ritual Sites

Mousterian

Lucy

East Africa

Hadar - Ethiopia

2.6MY

150,000-40,000BP

storing food for later use

Meat Caches

Trophy Skulls, Hunting Symbolism

Middle Paleolithic

Gona - Ethiopia

Carnivore Activity Glynn Isaac

"Bear Cult"

Leakey Leakey

Koobi

Kenya

Drachenlock, Switzerland

Archeology Cheat-Sheet October 29th 2007

Lake Turkana

2-3mya

Near Beijing Zhoukoudian

Regourdou, S. France Veternica, Yugoslavia

China

in UP inhabited by Homo Sapien

Les furtins, france Asia

Dmanisi

Region

Flake tools

Sites

Controlled use of fire

Georgia

Homo Sapien Neanderthalensis is a subspecies

Fully modern physical type Atapuerca / Gran Dolina

prepared cores Stone tools

Torralba

400k YA 18.5k YA

Increased Technological complexity

Important Developments:

Spain

composite tools flake industry

Burials, intentional burials with offerings small cemeteries

Altamira

charcoal, ochre haematite cave paintings

Ritual Behavioral Terra Amata Le Moustier 75k-35kya

Combe grenal 40,000-10,000 YA

50k YA Europe

30k-32k ya

Homo sapien sapien

Differ in timeframe, not species

Chatelperonnian

Chauvet

Art (Horses, Chimera etc)

Pincevent Neander Valley Mammoth hunters

Found all over the world, only human species that has ever lived in the new world and Australia

France

La ferraissie

Burial of deceased, care for crippled/enfeebled

40,000-28,000BP 32,000-27,000 BP

Aurignacian

Scrapers, sharpened blade

Germany Gravettian or Upper Perigordian

Dolni Vestonice

Major Technologies

Czech Republic

Solutrean

60-80k ya burial sites Care for sick

can be interpreted as a shrine could be a cache

Sites

Pertershohle, Bavaria

First specimens of Homo Erectucs (Peking Man)

850-780k ya

Small nitch in a cave with a wall of rocks built up and cave bear cranium + various long bones placed inside

Olorgesailie

750,000-1mya

Shanidar Cave

Bifacial leaf shaped points

Magdalenian

17,000-10,000BP bone and antler tools

Blade technology Bone and antler tools florescence of art

cave art portable art

cemeteries Characteristics

"Backed" or blunted knives

22,000-17,000BP

Iraq

Upper Paleolithic

28,000-21,000BP

ornaments population increase systematic big game hunting expansion of population into eastern eurasia and new world