Arakan National Newspaper Jan 09

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&cdik t f rsK;d om;owif;pm Zefe0g&v D / 2009 ckEpS t f wGJ ( 3 )/ trSwf (1)

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tvk y f o rm;u'f r sm; 2010 –2011 twGuf ouf w rf ; wd k ; ay;rnf r[k w f

ykÀu 15 ZEM0g&/D 2009 xdkif;EdkifiHwGif;&Sd jrefrmtvkyf orm;rsm; udik af qmifaeaom tvkyo f rm; vufrSwfrsm;. oufwrf;udk 2009 ESpf wESpw f nf;wGio f m wk;d ay;awmhrnf jzpf_yD; vmr!fh 2010 –2011 twGuf oufwrf; wdk;ay;rnf r[kwf[kowif;&&Sdonf? ,if;udpPESifh ywfoufI xdkif; Edik if /H befaumufY Edik if w H umulnaD &; tzGJ@ (IRC) rufazmifa';&Sif;tzGJ@ (MAP)/ tef p D * sD , l b D / TACDB/ ytd k 0 f h azmifa';&Sif;/ a&$@ajymif; tvkyform;rsm; or*~/ FOW tzGJ@rsm;onf/ xdkif;tpdk;& ESifhppftpdk;&wdk@ yl;aygif; aqmif&Gufaom ,m,D Edik if u H ;l vufrw S f udpEP iS hf ywfouf onfh aqGaEG;yGJ w&yfudkusif;ycJh-uonf? tpnf;ta0;wGif jrefrm tvkyf orm;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u xdkif;ESifhjrefrm tpd k ; &wd k @ aqmif & G u f r !f h tpD t pOf topfwiG f tcuftcJrsm;pGm &SEd idk af -umif; t"du ta-umif;rsm;rSm wdkif;&if;om; rsm;wG i f rS w f y H k w if r &S d j cif ; jref r m tpd;k &bufrS rSerf eS u f efuef vkyaf y;rnf[k r,Hk-unfjcif; rsm;a-umifh tvkyform; trsm;pku ywfpfydk@ rvkyfvdk -ujcif;rsm; jzpfa-umif;aqG;aEG; wifjycJo h nf? od@k aomf ,if; tpDtpOfukd taumiftxnfazmf&ef xd k i f ; wd k @ u qH k ; jzwf c suf csxm;_yD j zpf I ,if ; tpD t pOf a -umif h jref r ma&$ @ ajymif ; tvkyform;rsm;twGuf vmr!fhESpfrsm; wGif tcuftcJrsm;ydkrdk}uHKawG@vmrnfudk pdk;&drfae-ua-umif; pHkprf;od&Sd&onf?

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ykÀu 18 ZEM0g&D 2009

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