Aplikasi Gdm2000_kadaster Dan Pemetaan

APLIKASI GDM2000 DALAM UKUR KADASTER, KADASTER PEMETAAN & GIS Disusun oleh:

Anual bin Aziz ([email protected])

Pusat Infrastruktur Data Geospatial Negara (MaCGDI), NRE

K rs s Pengenalan Kepada Geocentric Datum Kursus Dat m of Malaysia Mala sia 2000 (GDM2000) 20 Mei 2009 INSTUN, Behrang

Implication of GDM2000

Implication on Practice i) GPS Positioning and Surveying The widespread use of GPS has further highlighted the need to adopt geocentric datum in this country. Position determination using various GPS techniques have been increasingly being practiced for various survey related applications. The existing GPS networks in Peninsular and East Malaysia which have been strengthened and referenced to the GDM2000 will certainly provide better control for GPS positioning activities carried out by various mapping related agencies. The new GDM2000 will provide better platform for most GPS positioning applications li ti in i future f t for f the th country. t This will encourage the use of GPS as an effective positioning tool without going through the lengthy process of conversion to the old local datums of MRT48 and BT68 The GDM2000 also support the function of Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS Network in the country –MyRTKnet.

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Implication on Practice

Cont…

GPS Positioning and Surveying

Implication of GDM2000

Implication on Practice ii) Cadastral Survey Cassini projection system for the Peninsular is based on several local datums and realized by their published equations and coordinate of their respective State origin origin. The existing Cassini projection for cadastral mapping was based on the MRT system referenced to the Modified Everest ellipsoid. The existing procedure of converting WGS84 coordinates to their corresponding values in local Cassini system involves several transformation steps such as the following: 9

WGS84 → MRT → RSO → Cassini

The geodetic coordinates of a point determined in GDM2000 (on the GRS80 ellipsoid) using GPS can now be projected directly to their related geocentric Cassini plane coordinate values ( as shown in the next slide) 9

φ,λ GDM2000

(E,N) Cassini GDM2000

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Implication on Practice

Cont…

Cadastral Survey

GDM2000 (φ,λ) LOT 69 – 73 & 86 - 88

Map Projection Formulae

MUKIM MERLIMAU DAERAH JASIN NEGERI MELAKA Tanpa Skala

State Cassini (N,E)GDM2000 New transformation procedure: GDM2000- Cassini

Cadastral Network Adjustment Based On Geocentric Datum

Geocentric Based Cadastral Control Database

Implication of GDM2000

Implication on Practice iii) Topographical Mapping The existing map projection used for topographical mapping in Malaysia is the RSO based on the MRT48 and BT68 systems . The procedure of converting WGS84 coordinates to their corresponding values in local RSO system involves several transformation steps such as the following: 9

WGS84 → MRT/BT68→ RSO

The introduction of GDM2000 will have a significant effect on the topographical mapping products : the coordinates (shift) of points by up to approximately 200 meters in northeasterly and northwesterly directions for Peninsular and East Malaysia, Malaysia respectively. respectively 9 φ,λ GDM2000 (E,N) PMRSO/SSRSO GDM2000 Change in coordinates of map features • 1: 50,000 --- 4 mm on the map • 1:10,000 --- 20 mm on the map

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Implication on Practice

Cont…

Topographical Mapping

GDM2000 (φ,λ) Map Projection Formulae PMRSO/ SSRSO (N,E) GDM2000

Photo Control

New transformation procedure: GDM2000- PMRSO/SSRSO

The comparison between old RSO and geocentric RSO for Peninsular Malaysia

Implication of GDM2000

Implication on Practice iv) GIS Users The GDM2000 provides coordinates that are appropriate for applications at all levels and allows the easy integration with other information technologies such as GIS. GIS The future development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is being planned to provide consistent national datasets to users on the same coordinate system, that is GDM2000. The NSDI will be based on the GDM2000 and all datasets will be supplied to users in GDM2000 coordinates. Integration of NSDI with other ICT such as GIS and GPS can be done. The use of GDM2000 will minimise confusion for all users and provide maximum accuracy where precise spatial information is required.

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Implication on Practice

Cont…

GDM M2000

GIS Users

The GDM2000 underpin d i the h systematic GIS/LIS applications

Implication of GDM2000

Implication on Practice v) Navigation Applications Application of satellite positioning technology in land transportation,maritime navigation, and aircraft take off and landing control has been practiced widely around the globe globe. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) which integrates GPS positioning technology, ICT and electronic technology is a new dimension in the modern transportation system . Integration of GPS positioning technology and electronics charts enable the safety and efficient maritime navigations . GDM2000 will provide better coordinate system infrastructure which is compatible tibl with ith GPS positioning iti i technology t h l used d for f navigation i ti applications. li ti This is an advantage of adopting new geocentric datum that will spur the use of GPS for navigation applications in this country.

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Implication on Practice

Cont…

Navigation Applications

Aircraft Take Off and Landing Control

Land Transportation

Maritime Navigation

Implication of GDM2000

Socio Economic Implications The user segment of GDM2000 will be: 9

Government Department Agencies - JUPEM, Land Departments, Planning Department, Local Governments and Municipalities.

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Non-Government Organization- private surveyors

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Public.

Government agencies and the private surveyors will be most affected since they directly involve in cadastral survey practice and the main user of the topographical and cadastral mapping products . Private and public organizations will need to assess both the impact and benefits of adopting p g GDM2000 in terms of their current and future operational requirements, financial, administrative and managerial issues. The adoption of GDM2000 will accommodate the integration of spatial datasets and consequently will provide better data sharing, handling and management of the related datasets. The new datum will also encourage consistent or uniform spatial data standard across the country.

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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Kadaster „ Penubuhan Jaringan Kawalan Kadaster „ „ „

Pembangunan Sistem Kadaster Berkoordinat (Coordinated Cadastral System – CCS). Pek. KPUP Bil. 6-1999 & Bil. 5-2002) Peringkat kerja: „

Ukuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan Utama (10km x 10km).

„

Ukuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan Kedua (5km x 5km).

„

Ukuran bagi Jaringan Kawalan Ketiga

ƒ Teknik Statik – tentukan koordinat stesen kawalan. ƒ Teknik Statik – tentukan koordinat stesen kawalan. ƒ 2.5km x 2.5km – kawasan kurang membangun. ƒ 500 m x 500 m – kawasan membangun. ƒ Jejarian, Teknik Kinematik Masa Hakiki - KMH (Real Time Kinematic, RTK).

Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Kadaster „ Pengukuran Semula Titik Asalan (Origin) Kadaster Negeri „ „

„ „

Dijalankan dalam bentuk kempen cerapan pada Ogos dan Oktober 2005. Seksyen Geodesi, JUPEM Negeri, Seksyen Topografi Semenanjung Malaysia dan Seksyen Penyelarasan dan Dasar Kadaster. 9 titik asalan kadaster dan 1 titik asalan pemetaan (Bkt. Kertau) Menggunakan peralatan GPS berkejituan tinggi dan cerapan GPS pada stesen MASS dan MyRTKnet

„ Pemprosesan menggunakan 2 perisian: „ TGO (v1.61) Î Stesen Fort Cornwallis „ Bernese (v4.2) Î stesen asalan lain

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6.50

Gunung Perak

6.00

5.50

Bukit Panau

Fort Cornwallis

5.00

Gajah Trom

Hijau Larut

Latitud

4.50

4.00 Bukit Asa

Gunung Sinyum Bukit Kertau

3.50

3.00 Gun Hill 2.50 Gunung Belumut 2.00

1.50

99.50

100.00

100.50

101.00

101.50

102.00

102.50

103.00

103.50

104.00

Longitud

GUNONG SENYUM

8

6

6.5

2.80

3.80

6.5

6

6 2.60

6

5.8

3.60

5.5

4 ARAU UUMK

GETI GETI

5.9

Gunung Perak

5.5 5.5

MARG

GMUS GRIK GRIK

5.5

3.20

5

3.6 SGPT

5.6

5.5

5.5

2.20

BABH

3.00 5

Fort Cornwallis

SELM

5.4

5 5.3

BKPL

Hijau Larut

3.5 4.5

UPMS

5 2.00 5

5.2

2.80

USMP

4.5

4.5

4.5

Gajah Trom

Gunung Sinyum

JUIP

JUIP 3

MARG

Gunung Belumut

KLUG

BANT BEHR 1.80

5.1

KLAW

4

3.2

4

KKBH KUAL KUAL

GRIK

4.5

3.4

4.5

BukitMERS Asa

SGPT

2.40

3.40

BEHR

Bukit Panau

RTPJ 6

5.7

5

RTPJ RTPJ

5.5

3.8

6

BABH

Gun Hill

3.5

TLOH

KTPK

MERU

KUAN BEHR

KUAN

Bukit Kertau PEKN

PEKN

TLOH

2.60 5

1.60

PUPK

3 4.9

2.40

2.8

KTPK

3

UTMJ

KLAW

4

JHJY

4

4

4 1.40

2.5 2.20

4.8

2.6 100.5

99.8

101 99.9 100.5

101.00

101.20

100101.5 100.1

JUML

2.5

102 103.5 100.6 103 100.6 100.8 101 104 100.5100.4 101 101.5 102 100.2 100.3 102.5 100.4 100.7 101.5 100.5 100.5 101

102.80 100.5 101 102.60101101.5 100.5 101.60 101 101.40 101.80

103.00 103.20 101.5 102 101.5 102.20 102.00

101.2 102.5 101.4

102

103.40

102 102.40

102.5

101.6

101.8

103

103.60 103.80 102.5 103 102.60 102.5

103.5

104.00

104

104.20

103

Koordinat Rujukan Cassini-Soldner dalam GDM2000 Perubahan kepada koordinat asalan titik KOORDINAT ASALAN (LAMA)

KOORDINAT ASALAN (BARU)

NEGERI

NAMA STESEN

UTARAAN

TIMURAN

UTARAAN

TIMURAN

N.Sembilan & Melaka

Gun Hill

-948.547

-242.005

0.000

0.000

Selangor

Bukit Asa

55960.906

-21759.439

0.000

0.000

Perak

Gunung Hijau Larut

133453.669

0

0.000

0.000

Kelantan

Bukit Panau (Baru)

9.714

-15.497

0.000

0.000

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Koordinat Rujukan Cassini-Soldner dalam GDM2000 Koordinat Titik-Titik Asalan Negeri Negeri

Nama Stesen

GDM2000 Latitud, (N)

Longitud, (E)

Cassini-Soldner Utaraan Timuran (m) (m)

Johor

Gunung Belumut

2° 02’ 33.20196”

103° 33’ 39.83730”

0.000

0.000

N.Sembilan & Melaka

Gun Hill

2° 42’ 43.63383”

101° 56’ 22.92969”

0.000

0.000

Pahang

Gunung Sinyum

3° 42’ 38.69263”

102° 26’ 04.60772”

0.000

0.000

Selangor

Bukit Asa

3° 40’ 48.37778”

101° 30’ 24.48581”

0.000

0.000

Terengganu e e gga u

Gunung Gu u g Gaja Gajah Trom o

4° 56 56’ 44.97184” 9 8

102° 0 53 53’ 3 37.00496” 00 96

0.000 0 000

0.000 0 000

Fort Cornwallis

5° 25’ 15.20433”

100° 20’ 40.76024”

0.000

0.000

Kedah & Perlis

Gunung Perak

5° 57’ 52.82155”

100° 38’ 10.93860”

0.000

0.000

Perak

Gunung Hijau Larut

4° 51’ 32.64488”

100° 48’ 55.47038”

0.000

0.000

Kelantan

Bukit Panau (Baru)

5° 53’ 37.07975”

102° 10’ 32.24529”

0.000

0.000

P.Pinang & S. Perai

APLIKASI GDM2000 DALAM PEMETAAN „ „ „ „ „

Perolehan Data Bawaan Udara P Pengukuran k Titik Kawal K l Bumi B i Pengemaskinian Butiran Topografi Pengukuran Hidrografi Pengukuran bagi pembangunan Pangkalan Data Utiliti

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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan) „ PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI Titik di atas permukaan bumi yang boleh dikenalpasti dengan jelas atas foto udara atau imej satelit yang digunapakai masing-masing untuk penyegitigaan udara atau pembetulan geometri. Titik ini diukur bagi mendapatkan koordinat planimetri dan ketinggiannya. „

Pratanda Proses menanda dan mengukur TKB di lapangan sebelum fotografi udara dijalankan – tiada butiran semulajadi atau buatan boleh dijadikan TKB.

„

Pascafotografi Proses menanda dan mengukur TKB di lapangan selepas fotografi udara dijalankan.

Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan) Rekabentuk Jaringan GPS

PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI „ Peralatan „ „ „

Penerima P i & Antenna A t GPS serta t aksesori k i Notebook Total Station dan aksesori Jenis Terabas GPS

„ Kaedah Ukuran „ Jaringan „ Jejarian „ Terabas T b „ Penentududukan Titik Tunggal

Kaedah Jejarian GPS Monumen GPS TKB1

TKB2 TKB3 Monumen GPS

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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan) PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI „ Teknik T k ik C Cerapan „ „ „ „

Statik Rapid Statik Kinematik Kinematik Masa Hakiki

„ PENGUKURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI „ „

Sekurang-kurangnya satu Tanda Kawalan Ukur diketahui nilai ketinggian atas ALM. Prosesan GPS (jika tidak menggunakan RTKnet) „ „ „ „

Perisian GP Survey Survey, TGO TGO, SKI dll. dll Penyelesaian garis dasar Pelarasan jaringan (bagi ukuran secara jaringan GPS) Transformasi koordinat. ƒ Semenanjung: GDM2000 Æ BBST(Semenanjung) ƒ Sabah & Sarawak: GDM2000 Æ BBST(Sbh & Swk)

„

„

Pelarasan ketinggian:i.i B Beza ti tinggii TKU (K (Ketepatan t t ± 0.5 0 5 m)) ii. Ketinggian geoid ( H = h – N ) N = MyGEOID (Ketepatan ± 5 sm) Had perbezaan koordinat (ukuran secara jejarian): ƒ Planimetri < 10 mm ƒ Ketinggian < 20 mm

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Ops…..

Jangan ke mana-mana, bersambung kembali selepas “break” 5 minit.

Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan) „ PENGGAMBARAN UDARA „ Navigasi Penerbangan „ Persiapan dan perlaksanaan misi penggambaran udara meliputi semua aspek iaitu perancangan, fotografi udara, pelaporan dan arkib. „ Perkakasan – tertakluk kpd. Sistem digunapakai. „ Perisian:- dibahagikan kepada 3 sub-sistem. ƒ Sub-sistem perancangan penerbangan ƒ Sub-sistem Bawaan Udara (Airborne) ƒ Sub-sistem Pelaporan

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„ PENGGAMBARAN UDARA „

Penentuan Titik Dedahan Kamera „

Menggunakan interpolasi. ƒ Masa dedahan ditentukan dengan menghantar denyutan genap dari kamera ke penerima GPS GPS, yang mana merekodkan dengan tepat masa dedahan kamera. ƒ Koordinat titik dedahan kamera diinterpolasi di antara epok sebelum dan selepas masa di atas.

„ „

GPS menyokong penyegitigaan udara Kelebihan utama: meminimakan keperluan bilangan TKB ƒ Memadai dengan 4 TKB di setiap penjuru blok untuk pelarasan blok. ƒ Biasanya JUPEM guna lebih dari 4 sebagai kawalan kejituan.

TABURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI BAGI FOTO UDARA BERBANTU GPS

TABURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI BAGI FOTO UDARA KONVENSIONAL

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CITRAAN SATELIT

TABURAN TITIK KAWAL BUMI BAGI CITRAAN SATELIT

TK267201

TK272206A

TK267202

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„ PENGGAMBARAN UDARA (sambungan) „

Sistem Fotografi Udara Berbantu GPS di JUPEM „ „

CCNS (Computer Controlled Navigation System) ASCOT (Aerial Survey Control Tool) ƒ Flykin Suite

„

TRACK’AIR (The Tracker) ƒ SKIP

„

DGS (Direct Georeferencing System – Sistem Georujukan Terus)

ASCOT

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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan) „

PENGEMASKINIAN BUTIRAN TOPOGRAFI Tujuan i.i Mengautomasikan proses kerja konvensional bagi pengukuran butiran dan data di lapangan serta proses penyuntingan data topografi ke kaedah digital

„

Meningkatkan produktiviti dalam kerja-kerja pengumpulan data dan maklumat di lapangan Sistem „ Sub-Sistem Ibu Pejabat Topografi „ Sub-Sistem Cawangan Wilayah „ Sub-Sistem Kerjaluar – GPS dll. ii.

„

ALIRAN KERJA PENYUDAHAN PADANG KONVENSIONAL

Digital Data SPD/SPgD

SPgD

Kerja-kerja digitizing/ suntingan

Plot Penyudahan P d Padang

(Hardcopy)

Suntingan (Hardcopy)

Ibu Pejabat Seksyen Topografi

Ibu Pejabat Seksyen Topografi

(Susunan) Penyudahan Padang (Plane Table)

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Aliran Kerja CATMAPS

SEKSYEN PANGKALAN DATA

SEKSYEN PENAWANAN DATA

Note : Upgrade GOTHIC Database to 2D and migrate to Seamless DB

PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DATABASE - GOTHIC 2D

TOPOGRAPHIC DATABASE - GOTHIC 2D

Editing to update Topographic DB with new data from Photogrammetric DB

Editing to update Topographic DB with new data from Photogrammetric DB

Editing & Merge with Topographic DB

SEKSYEN TOPOGRAFI Topo HQ

Vector

-

Raster

Adding data from other sources Adding Field Instructions Clipping to 4 using FME GOTHIC to GOTHIC Translating using FME from GOTHIC to SHAPE

Topo HQ Plot Verification

Send Shape File and PDF File to RO

Regional Offices - Checking Field updates

- Distributing Data to Field Parties - Convert into PTS Format

Field Party

- Translate to Gothic - Editing Send Shape File and PDF File to Topo HQ

Regional Offices - Checking

Field Party

CATMAPS DB GOTHIC 2D

Field Party

- Compiling & editing - Convert into Shape File

Field Party

- Updating Features & attribute using survey equipment such as GPS receiver, laser Range Finder, Total Station etc.

Legend : MIS Operation (online/wireless)

„ PENGEMASKINIAN BUTIRAN TOPOGRAFI Sub-Sistem Kerjaluar PERKAKASAN „ Rugged Pen Based Notebook „ GPS Receiver Trimble Pro XRS „ PDL Rover Radio Modem „ Trimble Trimax 3 (Base) „ GPS Software PathFinder Office Software „ Laser Ranger Finder LTI Impulse & MapStar System PERISIAN „ Mapping & GIS Software for Rugged Notebook - RADIUS „ TopoPAD „ Total Station Trimble 3605 „ Pocket PC for Total Station „ Compaq iPAQ 3950 „ Roll Type Digitizer; dll

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„ PENGEMASKINIAN BUTIRAN TOPOGRAFI DGPS disenggara oleh JLM

Lumut Kuantan Bintulu

MyRTKnet „ Taburan dan liputan infrastruktur MyRTKnet

fasa 1

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MyRTKnet „ Perkhidmatan „ Pembetulan Stesen Rujukan Maya ( Vitual Reference Station (VRS) Correction) „ Pembetulan Rujukan Tunggal (Single Base Correction) „ Pembetulan Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Berasaskan Jaringan (Network Base DGPS Correction) „ Data Maya RINEX (Virtual RINEX Data) „ Data RINEX (RINEX Data)

Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan) „ Pengukuran Hidrografi „ „

Ukuran sempadan sungai Golok. Peringkat kerja: „

Ukuran kawalan di kedua-dua belah tebing. ƒ Teknik statik – tentukan koordinat stesen kawalan.

„

Ukuran lokasi titik cerapan pengalun gema (echo sounder) ƒ T Teknik k ik Ki Kinematik tik Masa M Hakiki, H kiki KMH (R (Reall Ti Time Kinematic, RTK) – tentukan koordinat titik cerapan kedalaman.

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Aplikasi GDM2000 Dalam Pemetaan (sambungan) Pengukuran dan Pembangunan Pangkalan Data Utiliti Bawah Tanah Kebangsaan (PADU) Pekeliling KPUP Bil 1 Tahun 2006 – Garis Panduan Mengenai Pemetaan Utiliti Bawah Tanah 7.3 Projections and Coordinate Systems - input, penyimpanan dan pertukaran data - koordinat RSO yang merujuk kepada datum GDM2000 731 K 7.3.1 Koordinat di kkadaster d perlu l di tukar k Cassini-Soldner Î RSO(PM) 7.3.2 Koordinat pemetaan RSO(M) Î RSO(PM) RSO(B) Î RSO(SS)

KESIMPULAN „ Pengenalan GDM2000 telah memberikan dimensi baru dalam

aktiviti ukur kadaster dan pemetaan di Malaysia umumnya dan JUPEM khasnya. kh „ Pelaksanaan GDM2000 telah meningkatkan keupayaan JUPEM untuk mengeluarkan pelbagai produk pemetaan selain peta termasuklah ortofoto, data berdigit dll. bagi memenuhi fungsi JUPEM sebagai pembekal data geospatial asas negara. „ Pelaksanaan GDM2000 akan menggalakkan penggunaan teknologi penentududukan GPS di negara ini. „ Datum baru ini akan membolehkan p perkongsian g data dan maklumat geospatial dilaksanakan dengan lebih baik.

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