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The God and Goddesses and Philosophers with its Contributions

FINAL TERM AP Solving

Submitted by

RAMON LOGAN LONA MAY LOVEREZ ALGELLYN VILLAS Submitted to

SIR RANDY M. ROSALES

Date

March 2, 2009

THE GOD AND GODDESS APHRODITE Goddess of Love and Beauty. Aphrodite had a festival of her own, the Aphrodisia, which was celebrated all over Greece but particularly in Athens and Corinth. In Corinth, intercourse with her priestesses was considered a method of worshipping Aphrodite. Aphrodite was associated with, and often depicted with dolphins, doves, swans, pomegranates and lime trees. APOLLO God of the Sun and Music. Apollo is considered to have dominion over plague, light, healing, colonists, medicine, archery, poetry, prophecy, dance, reason, intellectualism, Shamans, and as the patron defender of herds and flocks. Apollo had a famous oracle in Crete and other notable ones in Clarus and Branchidae. ARES God of the Savage War. In Greek mythology, Ares is the son of Zeus (ruler of the gods) and Hera. Though often incorrectly referred to as the Olympian god of war, he is more accurately the god of savage war, or bloodlust, or slaughter personified. The Romans identified him as Mars, the Roman god of war (whom they had inherited from the Etruscans), but among them, Mars stood in much higher esteem. ARTEMIS Goddess of the Hunt. She was the virgin moon goddess of the hunt, wild animals, healing, wilderness, chastity, and childbirth. She was worshipped as a fertility/childbirth goddess in many places since, according to some myths; she assisted her mother in the delivery of her twin. ATHENA Goddess of Wisdom. In Greek mythology, Athena, the shrewd companion of heroes, became the goddess of wisdom, as philosophy became applied to cult in the later fifth century. She remained the patroness of weaving, crafts and the more disciplined side of war. Athena's wisdom also includes the cunning intelligence (metis) of such figures as Odysseus. She is attended by an owl, and is often accompanied by the goddess of victory, Nike. Wearing a goatskin breastplate called the Aegis given to her by her father, Zeus, she is often shown helmeted and with a shield bearing the Gorgon Medusa's head, a votive gift of Perseus. IRIS She was the Egyptian goddess of the earth. Her worship entailed elaborate and exotic rituals. PAN He was the Greek god of the mountains, half goat half man. Always carrying the pipes with him, we know today as 'pan-pipes'.

MITHRAS He was the god of light from Persia. He was always depicted slaying the holy bull, and so giving life to the earth. He had many followers in the Roman army. So much so, that he is often referred to as the soldiers' god. MERCURY He was the messenger of the gods. the wings on his helmet and sandals allowed him to travel very quickly to wherever a god might send him. He was the god of travellers and tradesmen VESTA She was the goddess of the hearth and home. She was very important to Romans. In her temple a flame was always kept burning as in the 'hearth of Rome' the flame should never go out. AER Wales. Goddess of war and revenge. Goddess of the River Dee. AINE Ireland. Moon Goddess and patroness of crops and cattle. Associated with the Summer Solstice. ANDRASTE Britain. A war and nature Goddess. Associated with the hare And Ostara. ARADIA Italian: Queen of the Witches, daughter of Diana. Aradia is an extremely powerful entity and a protectress of Witches in general. ARIANRHOD Welsh; Goddess of the stars and reincarnation. Call on Arianrhod to help with past life memories and difficulties as well as for contacting the Star People. ARTEMIS Greek; Goddess of the Moon. ASTARTE Greek; Fertility Goddess. Whether you wish to bear children or have a magnificent garden, Astarte will assist in your desire. BADBH: Ireland, Gaul. In Gaul known as Cauth Bodva. War Goddess. Part of the triple Goddess aspect with Anu and Macha. Asscoaited with cauldrons, ravens, life and wisdom.

BAST Egyptian; Goddess of Protection and Cats. Bast is great for vehicle travel as well as walking down a dark alley. Call on her essence in the form of a giant panther to see you through to your destination. KALI Hindu; Creative/Destructive Goddess. Protectress of abused women. Kali-Ma should be called if a woman is in fear of physical danger. Her power is truly awesome.

THE PHILOSOPHERS AND ITS CONTRIBUTIONS PHILOSOPHER:

DEMOCRITUS Birth: ca. 460 BCE Death: ca. 370 BCE School/Tradition: Pre-Socratic Philosophy Main Interests: Metaphysics / Mathematics / Astronomy Notable Ideas: Atomism, Distant Star Theory

CONTRIBUTION: His exact contributions are difficult to disentangle from his mentor Leucippus, as they are often mentioned together in texts. Their hypothesis on atoms is remarkably similar to modern science, and avoided many of the errors found in their contemporaries. Largely ignored in Athens, Democritus was nevertheless well-known to his fellow northern-born philosopher Aristotle. Plato is said to have disliked him so much that he wished all his books burnt. Many consider Democritus to be the "father of modern science". QUOTE:

"Everything existing in the universe is the fruit of chance and necessity.""

PHILOSOPHER:

PLATO Birth: c. 424–423 BC, Athens Death: c. 348–347 BC, Athens (aged 76 approx) School/Tradition: Platonism Main Interests: Rhetoric, Art, Literature, Epistemology, Justice, Virtue, Politics, Education, Family, Militarism Notable Ideas: Platonic realism

CONTRIBUTION: Plato's sophistication as a writer is evident in his Socratic dialogues; thirty-five dialogues and thirteen letters have traditionally been ascribed to him, although modern scholarship doubts the authenticity of at least some of these.[3] Plato's writings have been published in

several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato's texts. QUOTE:

"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men."

PHILOSOPHER:

LAOZI Birth: unknown Death: unknown School/Tradition: Taoism Notable Ideas: Wu wei

CONTRIBUTION: According to Chinese tradition, Laozi lived in the 6th century BC. Historians variously contend that Laozi is a synthesis of multiple historical figures, that he is a mythical figure, or that he actually lived in the 4th century BC, concurrent with the Hundred Schools of Thought and Warring States Period.[1] A central figure in Chinese culture, both nobility and common people claim Laozi in their lineage. Zhuangzi, widely considered the intellectual and spiritual successor of Laozi, had a notable impact on Chinese literature, culture and spirituality. Throughout history, Laozi's work was embraced by various anti-authoritarian movements. QUOTE:

"Knowing others is intelligence; knowing yourself is true wisdom. Mastering others is strength; mastering yourself is true power. If you realize that you have enough, you are truly rich."

PHILOSOPHER:

GAUTAMA BUDDHA (Known for Founder of Buddhism) Born: 563 BCE (Lumbini, Nepal) Died 483 BCE (Kushinagar, India) Cause of death: Food poisoning Occupation: Prince, Spiritual Teacher Home Town: Kapilavastu Predecessor: Kassapa Buddha Successor: Maitreya

CONTRIBUTION: Gautama, also known as Śākyamuni or Shakyamuni ("sage of the Shakyas"), is the key figure in Buddhism, and accounts of his life, discourses, and monastic rules are believed by Buddhists to have been summarized after his death and memorized by his followers. Various collections of teachings attributed to Gautama were passed down by oral tradition, and first committed to writing about 400 years later. Early Western scholarship tended to accept the biography of the Buddha presented in the Buddhist scriptures as largely historical, but currently "scholars are increasingly reluctant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life and teachings."

QUOTE:

“All that we are is the result of what we have thought. If a man speaks or acts with an evil thought, pain follows him. If a man speaks or acts with a pure thought, happiness follows him, like a shadow that never leaves him.”

PHILOSOPHER:

HIPPOCRATES Born: ca. 460 BC (Kos, Greece) Died: ca. 370 BC (Larissa, Greece) Occupation Physician

CONTRIBUTION: He is referred to as the "father of medicine"in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic school of medicine. This intellectual school revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields that it had traditionally been associated with (notably theurgy and philosophy), thus making medicine a profession. In particular, he is credited with greatly advancing the systematic study of clinical medicine, summing up the medical knowledge of previous schools, and prescribing practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Oath and other works. QUOTE:

"Life is short, [the] art long, opportunity fleeting, experiment treacherous, judgment difficult."

References: Wikipedia Logan Cracksoft™