Annexure-v Progress Report Important Points: I. Ii. Iii. Iv. V.

Annexure-V PROGRESS REPORT Important Points: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.

Ten copies of the report giving information on items listed in the format given below are required. Report should be sent even if project has not become fully operational. Please write “NIL” against items where there is nothing significant to report or if these items are not relevant. The first Progress Report should cover the work done during the first 12 months of the project implementation. Subsequent reports should cover the next 12 months and so on. Timely submission of report is essential to facilitate release of funds. Report should be in the format given below. The report should be discussed and finalized by the project team before sending it to DST.

Instructions for preparing the Manuscript of the Report: i.

ii. iii. iv. v.

Manuscripts should be neatly written/ printed (with single spacing) in the enclosed format for direct reproduction by Xerox/ photo offset process. Any corrections should be redone on a separate slip & then pasted neatly. Don’t erase or retype. Don’t cut/ cross. Matter should be first preferably typed on A4 size paper within the prescribed space leaving the same margin as in the enclosed format and then retyped cleanly after careful correction/ changes. Manuscript should not exceed five pages in any case and should be in the enclosed format. Photographs should be avoided. Diagrams & graphs should be accommodated within the space provided for the text for direct reproduction. Please do not leave any item unanswered.

Annexure-V PROGRESS REPORT

1. Project Title:

DST No:

Studies of Magnetospheric Ultra Low Frequency SR/S4/AS: 261/06 (ULF) Waves and Forecasting Space Weather

2. PI (Name & Address):

Date of Birth

Dr. A. K. Singh Department of Physics

July 6, 1964

Lucknow University, Lucknow-226007 (UP) 3.

Co-PI (Name & Address) : Nil

Date of Birth :Nil

4.

Broad area of Research

Physical Sciences

4.1 Sub Area

Earth / Atmospheric Sciences

5. Approved Objectives of the Proposal :

Followings are the objectives of the present project proposal: (a) Study of generation and propagation characteristics of ULF waves specially Pi2 pulsation (b) To look at the magnetospheric ULF waves connection with IMF/Solar wind parameters (c) To investigate the polarization patterns of Pi2 magnetic pulsations and sub-storm currents (d) To understand geomagnetic pulsations and its effects on geomagnetic activities and space weather (e) To look at numerical simulation of the modeling of ULF waves Date of Start: 01-05-2008

Total cost of Project: Rs. 9,30,000/-

Date of completion: 30-04-2011

Expenditure as on 31March 2009: Rs. 2,50,321/-

6. Methodology : The variation in the geomagnetic field exhibits many periodicities ranging from millions of years for reversals of magnetic polarity, to a few seconds for magnetic pulsations. Geomagnetic pulsations thus occupy the lowest end of the time-spectrum.

Pulsations are a continuous (Pc), or irregular (Pi) train of

variations in the geomagnetic field components. The presence of pulsations on magnetograms indicates that certain physical processes are at work in the earth’s space environment. Certain geomagnetic pulsations are generated when solar wind hits the magnetopause boundary, and cause the earth’s magnetosphere to react by oscillating in size. Another type is understood to originate in the outer magnetosphere, in a process called the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, when the flow velocity of solar wind changes across a boundary region. Yet another class of pulsation is believed to be created, when a particular type of plasma wave called Alfven’s wave, generates the oscillation of entire field lines in the magnetosphere. This manifests on geomagnetic records as pulsations, with a characteristic frequency associated with the oscillating field lines. Geomagnetic

micropulsations

can

be

observed

by

ground-based

magnetometer as well as by space based satellites. Data from single satellites are constrained to observe locally what happens along their trajectories. To some extent this is overcome by using optical remote sensing from satellite platform. More and more studies combine measurements from the ground with those from polar orbiting satellites and / or deep space probes such as GEOTAIL. Data from the European space agency’s Cluster mission-which was launched in 2000 and consists of four identically instrumented spacecraft orbiting in formation around the earth are providing new insights into the spatial structure of ULF waves with short wavelengths across the magnetic field. The advantage of the four spacecraft formation is that the magnetic field structure can be uniquely determined. Taking one minute geomagnetic data and detrending for H component and doing FFT of the same one can get the spectrum of different magnetic pulsations. Thus if one observes geomagnetic pulsations and analyses their characteristic, one comes to know of processes at work in the earth’s space environment.

7. Salient Research Achievements: 7.1 Summary of Progress

One Junior Research Fellow (JRF) has been appointed in the project and he is pursuing his Ph. D. also. He had attended and presented paper during the PLASMA2008 held at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai. Dr. A. K. Singh, P. I. of the project attended and presented paper during DST sponsored workshop on Electrodynamical Coupling of Atmospheric Regions at Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai during 25-26, December 2008. Two papers are accepted for publication in IOP J. of Conference Series and three papers are communicated for publication in International journals. Three papers were presented in conferences. One Article was published in quarterly magazine “Our Earth”. Detailed list are given below: 1.

2.

3. 4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Characteristic features of magnetospeheric Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) Waves, A. K. Singh and S. K. Dohare, IOP's J. Phys. Conf Series (JPCS), 2008. (Accepted) Role of Earth’s plasmasphere in coupling of upper atmosphere, A K Singh, Sandhya Mishra and S. K. Dohare, IOP's J. Phys. Conf Series (JPCS), 2008. (Accepted) State Studies of Earth’s Plasmasphere: a Review, A. K. Singh and R.P. Singh, Acta Geophycae, Jan. 2009. (Communicated) Whistler waves as diagnostic tool for probing the magnetosphere, A. K. Singh and R.P. Singh, Earth, Moon and Planets, Jan. 2009. (Communicated) Plasma Waves in the Terrestrial Magnetosphere, A. K. Singh, Shubha Singh , Kalpana Singh and R.P. Singh, J. Earth System and Sciences, Dec. 2008. (Communicated) Characteristic features of magnetospeheric Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) Waves, A. K. Singh and S. K. Dohare, presented in PLASMA-08 at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai during December 10-13, 2008. Role of Earth’s plasmasphere in coupling of upper atmosphere, A. K. Singh, Sandhya Mishra and S. K. Dohare, presented in PLASMA-08 at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai during December 10-13, 2008. Possibilities of a comparison of whistler and pulsation occurrence, A. K. Singh, presented at DST sponsored workshop on Electrodynamical Coupling of Atmospheric Regions at Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai during 25-26, December 2008.

7.2 New Observations:

We have taken ULF data from Kakioka observatory for 1sec resolution. Data analysis is being carried out and hoping some new results related with storm time irregular pulsation very soon.

7.3 Innovations:

After taking data from different observatory we have analyzed it and have found new features corresponding to the nature of short period pulsations. During this analysis, we are still learning the specific programming like MATLAB and Sigma plot wave designing by graph etc. Certainly this is a change in established practice. 7.4 Application Potential:

7.4.1 Long Term The project will provide specialized man power to handle space research related problems especially in the field of solar-terrestrial environment. This aspect will cover the future prospects for dealing the space science as a whole. In future, the project fellow could work as a scientist in space related institutions. On the other hand teaching is still there and by this profession he would motivate the university or college levels students towards the space research field. 7.4.2 Immediate At present one person is getting fellowship and pursuing his Ph. D. in the field of Earth and Space Sciences. In this aspect the manpower has accompanied the conferences related to research and collaborated with different experts. 7.5 Any other

Running a research project provides many more facilities and enhancing research potential apart from teaching and other academic activities. It gives opportunity to attend and participate in various scientific gatherings which enhances scientific and research endeavour.

8. Research work which remains to be done under the project (for on-going projects)

Many problems are remain to be addressed in the on-going project but some important points are: 1. To look at the physical properties of the magnetospheric ULF waves and their connection with IMF/Solar wind parameters. To investigate the polarization patterns of Pi2 magnetic pulsations and sub-storm currents 2. To understand geomagnetic pulsations and its effects on geomagnetic

activities and space weather. To look at numerical simulation of the modeling of ULF waves

3. Study of generation and propagation characteristics of ULF waves specially Pi2 pulsation

Ph.Ds Produced no:

Technical trained:

Personnel Research Publications arising out of the present project:

NIL One person is being trained

2 Accepted + 3 papers are being communicated

List of Publications from this Project (including title, author(s), journals & year(s) (A) Papers published only in cited Journals (SCI)

1.

2.

3. 4. 5.

Characteristic features of magnetospeheric Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) Waves, A. K. Singh and S. K. Dohare, IOP's J. Phys. Conf Series (JPCS), 2008. (Accepted) Role of Earth’s plasmasphere in coupling of upper atmosphere, A K Singh, Sandhya Mishra and S. K. Dohare, IOP's J. Phys. Conf Series (JPCS), 2008. (Accepted) State Studies of Earth’s Plasmasphere: a Review, A. K. Singh and R.P. Singh, Acta Geophycae, Jan. 2009. (Communicated) Whistler waves as diagnostic tool for probing the magnetosphere, A. K. Singh and R.P. Singh, Earth, Moon and Planets, Jan. 2009. (Communicated) Plasma Waves in the Terrestrial Magnetosphere, A. K. Singh, Shubha Singh , Kalpana Singh and R.P. Singh, J. Earth System and Sciences, Dec. 2008. (Communicated)

(B) Papers published in Conference Proceedings, Popular Journals etc.

Variability of Sun and its effects on Space Weather, A. K. Singh, Quarterly journal ‘Our Earth’, 23-28, December 2008. 2. Possibilities of a comparison of whistler and pulsation occurrence, A. K. Singh, presented at DST sponsored workshop on Electrodynamical Coupling of Atmospheric Regions at Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai during 25-26, December 2008. 1.

Patents filed/ to be filed: NIL Major Equipment (Model and Make)

S No

Sanctioned List P C with Printer

1

Procured (Yes/ No) Model & make YES (P C: COMPAQ PRESARIO SG3570IL) (Printer: HP LASERJET M1120)

Cost (Rs in lakhs) 0.5

Working (Yes/ No) YES

Utilization Rate (%) 100