Alga 2

  • November 2019
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‫اﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‪ :‬اﻻﺳﺘﺎذ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪olom.info‬‬

‫أوﻻً‪ :‬ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات‪:‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺒﻐﺔ اﻟﯿﺨﻀﻮر ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﯾﺨﺰن اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺸﺎ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺰ اﻟﻨﺸﻮﯾﻪ)ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﻮﯾﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﺟﺪرﻫﺎ اﻟﺨﻠﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻮﻟﻮز‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻹﺳﺒﯿﺮوﺟﯿﺮا ‪ -‬ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﻔﻜﺲ ‪ -‬ﺧﺲ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪ -‬اﻟﻜﻼدوﻓﻮرا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺤﻠﺐ إﺳﺒﯿﺮوﺟﯿﺮا‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‪ :‬ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ وﯾﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ أوﺳﻊ اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء إﻧﺘﺸﺎراً‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‪) :‬اﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي(‬ ‫* ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺧﯿﻂ أﺧﻀﺮ ﻣﻘﺴﻢ وﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺮع )ﻛﻞ ﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺑﺬاﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد(‬ ‫* ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﯿﺪة ﺧﻀﺮاء واﺣﺪة أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺜﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻨﺸﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً‪ :‬ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات‪:‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺻﺒﻐﻪ ﺑﻨﯿﻪ )اﻟﻔﯿﻜﻮزاﻧﺜﯿﻦ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺼﺒﻐﺔ اﻟﯿﺨﻀﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 2‬اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﻤﺪﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﯿﺌﺔ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات ﻋﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﺘﺴﻜﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﯾﺘﺮﻛﺐ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺨﻠﻮي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻮﻟﻮز واﻷﻟﺠﯿﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ وﻧﺎدراً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 5‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺪا )ﻋﻠﻞ( ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ داﺧﻠﯿﺎً إﻟﻰ ﻧﺴﯿﺞ ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻠﻲ ‪ -‬ﻧﺴﯿﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻧﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻨﺨﺎع )ﻣﺎ وﻇﯿﻔﺔ ﻛﻼً ﻣﻨﻬﺎ(؟‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﻔﯿﻮﻛﺲ ‪ -‬ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﺴﺎرﺟﺎﺳﻮم ‪ -‬ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﻼ ﻣﯿﻨﺎرﯾﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﺴﺎرﺟﺎﺳﻮم‬

‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‪ :‬ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺞ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ‪ -‬ﺑﺤﺮ ﺳﺎرﺟﺎﺳﻮم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂ اﻷﻃﻠﺴﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫* ﻣﺎﺳﻚ ﯾﺜﺒﺖ اﻟﻄﺤﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر ﯾﻤﺘﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر أﺳ ﻄﻮاﻧﻲ ﯾﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﺴﺎق ﯾﺤﻤﻞ أﺷﺒﺎه‬ ‫أوراق ﻣﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺮق وﺳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫* ﯾﺤﻤﻞ اﻓﺮع ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﺎﻧﺎت ﻫﻮاﺋﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻄﺤﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻔﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺎء ‪.‬‬ ‫* ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﻓﺮع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ أﯾﻀﺎً أوراﻗﺎ رﯾﺸﯿﺔ وﺣﻮاﻓﻆ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺔ ﻣﺆﻧﺜﺔ ‪ -‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮة‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎً‪ :‬ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات‪:‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ وﻧﺎدرا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺻﺒﻐﺘﻲ) اﻟﻔﯿﻜﻮارﺛﺮﯾﻦ ‪ -‬اﻟﻔﯿﻜﻮﺳﯿﺎﻧﯿﻦ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﯿﺨﻀﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﻤﺨﺰن ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﻨﺸﺎ )اﻟﻨﺸﺎ اﻟﻔﻠﻮرﯾﺪي(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﺟﺪرﻫﺎ اﻟﺨﻠﻮﯾﻪ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻮﻟﻮز واﻷﻟﺠﯿﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﺒﻠﯿﻮﻣﺎرﯾﺎ ‪ -‬ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﺠﻠﯿﺪﯾﻮم ‪ -‬ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﯿﺴﯿﻔﻮﻧﯿﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﺠﻠﯿﺪﯾﻮم‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‪ :‬ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺎر ﻓﻘﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﺮﻛﺐ ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﺰء ﻗﺎﻋ ﺪي ﻣﻌﻤ ﺮ ﯾﻜ ﻮن ﺟﺴ ﻢ اﻟﻄﺤﻠ ﺐ اﻹﺳ ﻄﻮاﻧﻲ أو اﻟﻤﺴ ﻄﺢ‪ ,‬وﻫ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎً ذو ﺗﻔﺮع رﯾﺸﻲ‪.‬‬

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