Alga 1

  • November 2019
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‫اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ ‪Muticellular‬‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‪ :‬اﻻﺳﺘﺎذ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ‪olom.info‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎت ﺛﺎﻟﻮﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ )أي ﻻ ﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ أﺟﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺟﺬور وﺳﯿﻘﺎن وأوراق(‬ ‫وﻟﻬﺎ أﺣﺠﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﯾﺼﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ )‪ (100‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﻼﻣﯿﻨﺎرﯾﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻ ﺒﻐﺔ اﻟﯿﺨﻀ ﻮر ﻛﺼ ﺒﻐﺔ رﺋﯿﺴ ﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﯿ ﺎم ﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﯿ ﻞ اﻟﻀ ﻮﺋﻲ وﺑﻌﻀ ﻬﺎ ﯾﺤﺘ ﻮي ﺑﺎﻹﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ ﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺨﻀﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺒﻐﺎت أﺧﺮى ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻬﺎ اﻟﻮان ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰة )اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬا ﻛﺄﺳﺎس ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻨﯿﻒ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي أﺟﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﯾﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ )ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻧﺸﻮﯾﺔ( ﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ اﻟﻨﺸﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫أﻫﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻐﺬاء ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫أ ‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻐﺬى ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﯿﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ب ‪ -‬ﻏﺬاء ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ج ‪ -‬أﻋﻼف ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺷﯿﺔ واﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻌﺪ اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﻸﺳﻤﺪة ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺠﻔﯿﻔﻬﺎ )ﻋﻠﻞ( وذﻟﻚ ﻹﺣﺘﻮاﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻨﯿﺘﺮوﺟﯿﻨﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺮج ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﯿﻮد واﻷﺟﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻫﻢ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ % 70 - 50‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﻟﻬﺎ دور ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﯿﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺴﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻌﻀﻮﯾﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻵﯾﺲ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ وﻣﻌﺎﺟﯿﻦ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن وﻣﻨﻈﻔﺎت اﻟﺒﺸﺮة وﻣﺰﯾﻼت اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮاﻛﯿﺐ اﻷدوﯾﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮر ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﺣﯿﺚ أﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻧﻮاﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻃﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﻜﻼﻣﯿﺪﯾﻮﻣﻮﻧﺲ ‪ -‬اﻟﻜﻮرﯾﻼ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ واﻟﻮراﺛﺔ‪.‬‬

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