Aims2008_7
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STABILITY IN OIL SHALE MINING APPLICATION OF MODELLING TOOLS IN ESTONIAN OIL SHALE MINING AREA Veiko Karu, Aire Västrik, Ingo Valgma Department of Mining, Tallinn University of Technology [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected]
TUT Department of Mining has started development research which several parts can be solutions for the study-, science- and development projects, utililising mining software in student exercises- solving different problems and also software complex use- same inputs and outputs for different software. The development research will be useful first of all to the Estonian mine industry and mine companies it is possible give recommendations for all Estonian mine planning companies to use one certain software solution and direction and create necessary criteria for mine studies and for deposit research.
Modelling of distribution of mining technology For modelling environmental impact, data on location and advancing speed of mining are required. Depending on mining conditions, a possible technology, availability of equipment and its productivity, as well as mining areas are chosen. Possible mining technologies in certain mining conditions are the main criteria for restricting a deposit. The main criterion is thickness of the overburden (Table 1).
Methods A method and a computer programme have been developed to assess the underground mined area of the oil shale deposit and to describe the circle of influence of mining operations. It is able to evaluate the condition of the ground and, taking those risks into consideration, plan the usage of the ground and constructional actions. Using the geological dataset, the plan of mining operations and subsidence which are affected by mine work, calculation method, it is possible to calculate the mine influence types: quasistable land, subsided land. Binding the dataset enables to get more detailed information than ever before about certain territory.
Table 1. Criteria for mining technology. Respective areas are shown in Fig. 3
Spatial modelling According to the Estonian law it is allowed to build on the state land which contains mineral resources only if the principles of resource protection are followed and different aspects of the chosen location will not harm possible buildings in any way. Territories with mineral resources or underground mines have to be coordinated with planning law at the beginning of the general or detail planning design phase. The development plan was chosen after analysing all potential technologies, risks and expenses. The plan allows evaluation of environmental and social impacts of mining until the year 2025 (Fig. 1).
Mined out area
Fig. 2. Example of surface mine visualisation model
Mine visualization
Kohtla-Järve Kohtla-Järve
Põhja-Kiviõli Põhja-Kiviõli
Uljaste ljaste
Kukruse Kukruse Käva Käva 22
Surface mines Küttejõu Küttejõu
Surface mines
Kaevandus Kaevandus 22 Vana Vana Kohtla Kohtla
Kiviõli Kiviõli
Kaevandus Kaevandus 44 Tammiku Tammiku
Kohtla Kohtla Aidu Aidu Sompa Sompa
Uus Kiviõli Uus Kiviõli Sonda Sonda
Ojamaa Ojamaa
Mining development until 2025 Oandu Oandu
Tudu Tudu
Ahtme Ahtme
Viru Viru
Narva Narva
The model (Fig. 2) can be viewed from different angles playing with different parameters. It is a good visual support when the new mine project is introduced to the general public.
Mining in 2006 Estonia Estonia
Seli Seli Puhatu Puhatu
Underground mines Permisküla Permisküla Peipsi Peipsi
Fig. 1. Development plan of Estonian oil shale mining areas, grid 5x5 km
As shown in Table 1, more expensive mining technologies or those not practiced in Estonian oil shale deposit greatly increase the surface mining area and different mining impacts according to water regime and landscape. Open-cast mining with draglines and conveyor bridges and combined stripping methods with excavators and bulldozers allow to increase mineable overburden thickness and to move mines southwards (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Possible technologies in mining fields depending on the given criteria. Raster shows technologies according to the table 1.
TUT Department of Mining has started development research which several parts can be solutions for the study-, science- and development projects, utililising mining software in student exercises- solving different problems and also software complex use- same inputs and outputs for different software. The development research will be useful first of all to the Estonian mine industry and mine companies it is possible give recommendations for all Estonian mine planning companies to use one certain software solution and direction and create necessary criteria for mine studies and for deposit research.
Modelling of distribution of mining technology For modelling environmental impact, data on location and advancing speed of mining are required. Depending on mining conditions, a possible technology, availability of equipment and its productivity, as well as mining areas are chosen. Possible mining technologies in certain mining conditions are the main criteria for restricting a deposit. The main criterion is thickness of the overburden (Table 1).
Methods A method and a computer programme have been developed to assess the underground mined area of the oil shale deposit and to describe the circle of influence of mining operations. It is able to evaluate the condition of the ground and, taking those risks into consideration, plan the usage of the ground and constructional actions. Using the geological dataset, the plan of mining operations and subsidence which are affected by mine work, calculation method, it is possible to calculate the mine influence types: quasistable land, subsided land. Binding the dataset enables to get more detailed information than ever before about certain territory.
Table 1. Criteria for mining technology. Respective areas are shown in Fig. 3
Spatial modelling According to the Estonian law it is allowed to build on the state land which contains mineral resources only if the principles of resource protection are followed and different aspects of the chosen location will not harm possible buildings in any way. Territories with mineral resources or underground mines have to be coordinated with planning law at the beginning of the general or detail planning design phase. The development plan was chosen after analysing all potential technologies, risks and expenses. The plan allows evaluation of environmental and social impacts of mining until the year 2025 (Fig. 1).
Mined out area
Fig. 2. Example of surface mine visualisation model
Mine visualization
Kohtla-Järve Kohtla-Järve
Põhja-Kiviõli Põhja-Kiviõli
Uljaste ljaste
Kukruse Kukruse Käva Käva 22
Surface mines Küttejõu Küttejõu
Surface mines
Kaevandus Kaevandus 22 Vana Vana Kohtla Kohtla
Kiviõli Kiviõli
Kaevandus Kaevandus 44 Tammiku Tammiku
Kohtla Kohtla Aidu Aidu Sompa Sompa
Uus Kiviõli Uus Kiviõli Sonda Sonda
Ojamaa Ojamaa
Mining development until 2025 Oandu Oandu
Tudu Tudu
Ahtme Ahtme
Viru Viru
Narva Narva
The model (Fig. 2) can be viewed from different angles playing with different parameters. It is a good visual support when the new mine project is introduced to the general public.
Mining in 2006 Estonia Estonia
Seli Seli Puhatu Puhatu
Underground mines Permisküla Permisküla Peipsi Peipsi
Fig. 1. Development plan of Estonian oil shale mining areas, grid 5x5 km
As shown in Table 1, more expensive mining technologies or those not practiced in Estonian oil shale deposit greatly increase the surface mining area and different mining impacts according to water regime and landscape. Open-cast mining with draglines and conveyor bridges and combined stripping methods with excavators and bulldozers allow to increase mineable overburden thickness and to move mines southwards (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Possible technologies in mining fields depending on the given criteria. Raster shows technologies according to the table 1.
