Aim-mcat6 Ques Paper

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All India Test Series MCAT 6

Instructions:  This test contains 60 questions in three sections.  There are 20 questions in Section I, 20 questions in Section II and 20 questions in Section III.  You will be given two hours and fifteen minutes to complete the test.  In distributing the time over the three sections, please bear in mind that you have to demonstrate your competence in all three sections  Directions for answering the questions are given before each group of questions.  Read these directions carefully and answer the questions by choosing appropriate Answer.  Each question has only one correct answer.  All Questions carry four marks each.  Each Wrong answer will attract a penalty of One Mark.  Do not use calculators, log tables, dictionaries, or any printed or online reference material while taking this test.  You may use Rough paper for your calculations.  Try to complete the test in one sitting to feel the real test environment.

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www.mindinsight.com Section I Number of Questions: 20

Directions for Questions 1 to 20: Answer the questions independent of each other. Q1. A large circular grass field contains an equilateral triangular patch of side length '4a' with no grass, at the centre of the field. A goat is tied with a rope of length a√2 at the circumcentre of the triangle which is also the centre of the field. If the distance between the two extreme positions of the goat on one side of the triangular region is 2a, find the area of grass the goat can graze. A. a2 (3ð/2 -1) B. 3a2 (ð/2 +1) C. 3a2 (ð -1) D. 3a2 (ð/2 -1) E. None of these Q2. Find the number of roots of 3|x||2-|x|| =1. A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4 Q3. Three mixtures M1, M2 and M3 each consist liquid A and liquid B. The percentage of liquid A is 64%, 48% and 32% respectively. Now x litres of mixture is removed and replaced with an equal amount of B in each mixture. Find the value of x for which the percentage of liquid A left is minimum for Mixture M1. Given volume of M1 = 32 litres M2 =4 8 litres and M3 = 64 litres. A. 18 B. 19 C. 20 D. 22 E. None of these Q4. A quadratic polynomial P(x) is such that P(a-b)+P(b-c)+P(c-a) = 2P(a+b+c) where a,b and c are integers such that a+b+c =0. Find the product of roots of the polynomial A. a2 + b2 + c2 B. - (ab + bc + ca) C. 3(a2 + b2 + c2) D. ab + bc + ca E. - 3(a2 + b2 + c2) Q5. Two circles of radius 2 and centres O and P touch each other as shown in figure. If AD and BD are tangents, then the length of BD is. All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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A. 2√2 B. 3√2 C. √2 D. 4 E. 6 Q6. Given a and c are fixed real numbers with a < 1< c. Find the largest value of b such that a+bc ≤ b+ac ≤ c+ab A. a/2 B. c/2 C. (a+c)/2 D. a E. c Q7. A large tank contains two water inlets such that the efficiency of one is four times of the other. Two outlets have the efficiency twice of that of the both inlets respectively. Now the first inlet with lower efficiency is opened. After two seconds an outlet of lower efficiency is opened. Again after two seconds the other inlet is opened. And after two seconds the other outlet is opened which remains open. Which of the following is/are true? I. The height of water in the tank will remain same after 4 seconds. II. The water filled in 6 seconds is 6 times the water filled in 2 seconds. III. The level of water will decrease after 8 seconds A. Only I B. Only II C. Both I and III D. Both II and III E. All I, II and III Q8. A staircase has ten steps. A frog can jump either one step or two steps at a time. Find the number of ways in which he can reach to the top. A. 89 B. 77 C. 69 D. 55 All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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E. None of these Q9. The lines 3x-4y+4 =0 and 6x-8y=7 are the tangents to the same circle. Find the radius of the circle. A. 7/4 B. 5/4 C. 3/4 D. 5/8 E. 7/8 Q10. In a cricket selection event 40 batsmen appeared and were numbered 1 to 40. Batsman 1 and Batsman 2 go to play and when one gets out next batsman comes. After 6 balls over was getting changed and the strike changes. One strange thing was happening that every batsman was getting out on the very first ball he was facing. Which batsman remained not-out? A. 36 B. 37 C. 38 D. 39 E. 40 Q11. Number of prime factors of 232 - 1 is: A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3 E. greater than 6. Q12. Find the values of the common ratio for which the three consecutive terms of a G.P are the sides of a triangle. A. (√5 -1)/2 < r <1 B. 1 < r < √5 /2 C. (√5 -1)/2 < r < (√5 +1)/2 D. (√5 -1)/2< r < √5 /2 E. None of these Q13. 02 October 2001 if write as N=10022001 i.e. month and day as two digit integer and year as four digit integer we get a number which palindrome i.e. reversing the digits of the number we get the same number. Find the sum of digits of N1 where N1 is a date previous to 02 October 2001 and is palindrome. A. 10 All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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B. 12 C. 22 D. 24 E. None of these Q14. A string rounded around a cuboid of side a=1, b=6 and c=8cm. Find the minimum length (in cm) of the string if it reaches the top in one round only.

A. 17 B. 15 C. 13 D. 12 E. None of these Q15. Two swimmers on opposite sides of a canal head towards each other at different speeds. When they pass each other the first time they are 700m from one shoreline. They continue to the opposite shoreline, turn around, and move towards each other again. When they pass the second time they are 300m from the other shoreline. Find the width of the canal? Assume both swimmers travel at a constant speed and ignore factors such as turn-around time and the current of the canal. A. 2100 B. 1800 C. 1700 D. 1600 E. 1400 Q16. A straight road diverges into two roads from a point A. There is tower situated between the roads. Two boys B1 and B2 travelling at speed 2km/hr and 4km/hr respectively start from point A on the either roads. After one hour B1 observes that the tower subtends an angle 30 degree and he is nearest to the tower. At the same time B2 observes that the angle of elevation of the tower is 45 degree and he is also nearest to the tower. Find the height of the tower. A. √6 B. √3 C. √8 D. √12 E. None of these All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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Q17. A flask begins with one bacteria. Every minute, every bacteria turns into 0, 1, 2, or 3 bacteria with probability 25% for each case (dies, does nothing, splits into 2, or splits into 3). What is the probability that the bacteria population eventually dies out? A. √2 B. √2+1 C. 1/√2 D. (√2 -1)/2 E. √2 -1 Q18. Find the sum of the series: 12/1.3 + 22/3.5 + 32/5.7 + ... + 5002/999.1001 A. 501000/999 B. 501000/1001 C. 125250/1001 D. 125250/999 E. None of these. Q19. Find the number of points in the xy plane such that their distance from the origin is √20 and x co-ordinate an integer on division with 3 leaves a remainder 1 and y coordinate also an integer on division with 3 leaves a remainder of 2 and same quotient as on dividing the x coordinate. A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4 Q20. How many five-digit numbers the first digit must be non-zero are there that end on a 4 and that are divisible by 6? A. 1500 B. 2000 C. 2500 D. 3000 E. 8998

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www.mindinsight.com Section II Number of Questions: 20

Directions for Questions 21 to 24: All the questions are independent of each other. Q21. Five students Anand, Bhanu, Charu, Dipu, Ekta answered five questions in an exam, consisting of two Multiple Choice Questions and three True – False questions. I. They answered the questions as follows: Anand: 1-A, 2-A, 3-T, 4-T, 5-T Bhanu: 1-B, 2-B, 3-T, 4-F, 5-T Charu: 1-A, 2-B, 3-T, 4-T, 5-F Dipu: 1-B, 2-C, 3-T, 4-T, 5-F Ekta: 1-C, 2-A, 3-F, 4-T, 5-T II. No two of them got the same number of correct answers. Who got the most correct answers? A. Anand B. Bhanu C. Charu D. Dipu E. Ekta Q22. A, B, C and D crossed a lake in a boat that held only two persons. I. The boat held two persons on each of the three forward trips across the lake and one person on each of the three forward trips across the lake and one person on each of two return trips. II. A was unable to paddle when someone else was in the boat with her. III. B was unable to paddle when anyone else except c was in the boat with her. IV. Each person paddled continuously for at least one trip. Who paddled twice? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. Both C & D Q23. Ali, Dara and Gama were at the Golden gym on the same day of this month. It was there and then that they met. They all joined this Gym last month. I. One of them goes every two days, another one goes every three days and the remaining one goes every 7 days. II. Ali went to Gym for the first time this month on a Monday, Dara went to Gym for the first time this month on a Wednesday and Gama went to health club for the first time this month on a Friday? On which day of this month did Ali, Dara and Gama meet? All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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A. 23rd day of this month B. 24th day of this month C. 25th day of this month D. 26th day of this month E. 27th day of this month Q24. Of Arjun, Bhima and Duryodhana each belong either to the Pandava family whose members always tell the truth or to the Kaurava family whose member always lie. Arjun said,”Either I belong or Bhima belongs to a different family from the other two”. Whose family do you know the name of? A. Arjun B. Bhima C. Duryodhana D. Both Arjun and Duryodhana E. Data Insufficient Directions for Questions 25 to 28: Refer the information given below and answer the following questions: All six team in pool A of FIFA cup play each other exactly once. Each win earns team 3 points, a draw earns 1 point and a loss earns 0 points. The two teams with the highest points qualify for the semi finals. In case of a tie, the team with highest goal difference (goal for - goal against) qualifies. In the opening match Spain lost to Germany. After the second round (after each team played two matches) the pool table looks as shown below:

In the third round Spain played Pakistan, Argentina played Germany and New Zealand played South Africa. All the third round matches were drawn. The following are some results from fourth and fifth round matches. Spain won both fourth and fifth round matches. Both Argentina and Germany won their fifth round matches by 3 goals to zero. Pakistan won both the fourth and fifth round matches by 1 goal to 0. Q25. Which one of the following statements is true about matches played in the first two rounds? A. Germany beat New Zealand by 1 goal to 0. B. Spain beat New Zealand by 4 goals to 0. C. Spain beat South Africa by 2 goals to 0. D. Germany beat South Africa by 2 goals to 1 E. None of the above All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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Q26. Which one of the following statements is true about matches played in the first two rounds? A. Pakistan beat South Africa by 2 goals to 1 B. Argentina beat Pakistan by 1 goal to 0. C. Germany beat Pakistan by 2 goals to 1 D. Germany beat Spain by 2 goals to 1. E. New Zealand beat South Africa by 3 goals to 1 Q27. Which team finished at the top of the pool after five rounds of matches? A. Argentina B. Germany C. Spain D. Pakistan E. Insufficient Data Q28. If Pakistan qualified as one of the two teams from Pool A, which was the other team A. Argentina B. Germany C. Spain D. South Africa E. Insufficient Data Directions for Questions 29 to 33: Refer the graphs given below and answer the following questions:

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The two graphs above gives crime statistics for the USA. First Figure gives the variation of the number of property crimes per 1000 households with time. Property crimes consist of motor vehicle theft, theft and burglary. Second Figure gives the number of violent crimes per 1000 population with time. Violent following can be divisible into three categories – aggravated assault, simple assault and robbery. The following facts are also given and may be used in answering the questions that follow. I. The population of the USA between 1975 and 2050 is by the equation: P = 2.3 (T-1950) + 157, where P is the population in millions in the year T. II. The number of persons per household can assumed to remain constant for the period 1975 to 2050. Q29. Let x1 and x2 be the number of property crimes in 1975 and in 2000 expressed as a percentage of the population, respectively. What is the ratio of x1 to x2? A. 3:1 B. 27:10 C. 1:3 D. 18:5 E. None of the above Q30. Assume that the total number of property crimes per year follow the following trend after 2000.The total number of property crimes per year at the end of every 25 year is 0.71 times the number at the beginning. What is the number of property crimes per 1000 households in the year 2050? A. 63 B. 90 C. 129 D. 180 E. 200 All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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Q31. In 2000, the number of aggravated assaults/1000 population was greater the number of robberies/1000 population by 1.8 and the number of simple assaults was three time the number of aggravated assaults. What was the total number of robberies in 2000? A. 1.1×106 B. 1.1×103 C. 3.9 D. 3.9×103 E. 1.2 x 103 Q32. Let y1 and y2 be the total number of violent crimes per year in 1975 and 2000, respectively. What is y2 – y1? A. 22 B. -22 C. 4.2 D. 5.1 E. None of these Q33. The total number of property crimes in the year 200 was 1.45 times the total number of violent crimes in the year 1975. What is the average number of person per household? A. 2.1 B. 3.2 C. 4.2 D. 4.9 E. None of these

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Directions for Questions 34 to 40: Refer the data given and answer the following questions:

All countries that have reported more than five hundred AIDS cases to the WHO in 1997 are listed here. The left column gives the total number of cases reported by each country for 1996, the middle column gives the 1996 rate (AIDS cases per 10000 populations) and All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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the last column shows the number of cases reported in early 1997. Most 1997 reports were for only the first quarter or a third of the year. Owing to reporting delays of six months or more, cases reported in 1997 actually were diagnosed in 1996. Q34. Which country has reported the maximum number of AIDS cases to WHO during 1996? A. Brazil B. United States C. France D. Italy E. None of the above Q35. How many countries have reported 25000 AIDS cased in the early 1997? A. Two B. One C. Three D. Four. E. None Q36. The ratio of AIDS cases reported in early 1997 is 2 : 5 for A. South Africa & Portugal B. Israel & Denmark C. Yugoslavia & Netherlands D. West Germany & France E. None of the above Q37. The number of countries for which 1996 (rate) [per 10,000] is more than five is A. five B. four C. three D. six E. seven Q38. What is the population of Zambia on the basis of the reported cases of AIDS in 1996 (in thousands)? A. 650000 B. 700000 C. 72000 D. 715000 E. 725000

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Q39. Which of the following are true from the table? I. The reported AIDS cases of Ethiopia, Japan and Yugoslavia as compared to the population is negligible. II. The 1996 (rate) is highest for French Guyana though the reported cases are only 45000. III. The population of Haiti is 66400000 IV. France reported more than 2000 cases of AIDS in 1996. A. I & II B. II & III C. I, II & III D. I, II & VI E. None of the above Q40. The countries which have reported less than 2000 cases both in 1996 and early 1997 are A. Japan, Ethiopia and Israel B. Jamaica, Yugoslavia & Japan C. Ethiopia, Chile & French Guyana D. Ethiopia, Israel and Yugoslavia. E. Ethiopia, Israel and Japan

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www.mindinsight.com Section III Number of Questions: 20

Directions for Questions 41 to 44: Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it. According to philosophical views of learning, design models can be classified into the three main categories: Objectivist Instructional Design Models (OIDMs); Constructivist Instructional Design Models (CIDMs); and Mixed approach to Instructional Design (MID). Objectivist design models emphasize “the conditions which bear on the instructional system in preparation for achieving the intended learning outcomes.” Objectivist design models include Dick & Carey’s Instructional Systems Design and Gagne, Briggs and Wager’s Principles of Instructional Design, each of which are based on both behaviorist and cognitive approaches to learning. Behaviorism has contributed to traditional models by providing relationships between learning conditions and outcomes. In objectivist design models, behavioral objectives are developed as a means to measure learning success. Cognitive approaches also influenced objectivist instructional models by emphasizing the use of advance organizers, mnemonic devices, and learners’ schemas as an organized knowledge structure. However, there are some problems with objectivist approaches to instructional design. For example, objectivist approaches group learners into standardized categories, thereby promoting conformity and compliance. Today, however, organizations want their members to develop their own unique potentials and creativity, which can lead to initiative, diversity and flexibility. Furthermore, objectivist design models do not explicitly address design issues of the user interface in the design process. The objectivist design models stress a predetermined outcome, as well as an intervention in the learning process that can map a predetermined concept of reality into the learner’s mind. However, learning outcomes are not always predictable so that learning should be facilitated by instruction, not controlled. Unlike objectivist and constructivist design models, the mixed approach to instructional design proposes that an instructional design model reflect all learning theories according to instructional design situations. For example, different instructional design situations such as different learners and learning environments may require different learning theories and thus different instructional design models. Davidson found that, in practice, a mix of old (objective) and new (constructive) instruction/learning design is increasingly being used. In their ‘Continuum of Knowledge Acquisition Model,’ Jonassen, McAleese, & Duffy note that the initial knowledge acquisition is better served by instructional techniques that are based upon traditional instructional design models whereas constructivist learning environments are most effective for advanced knowledge acquisition. However, this approach also does not address the issues involved in user interface design and the overall effectiveness of a Web-based learning environment. Given common learning activities (e.g., problem solving, inference generating, critical thinking, and laboratory activities) and types of learning domains (e.g., intellectual skills and verbal information) in the GPS course, this study proposes that the instructional design principles provided by the cognitive learning theory would be best suited for redesigning the learning content of the course. For example, providing efficient All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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processing strategies through which students receive, organize, and retrieve knowledge in a meaningful way will facilitate learning activities. For instructional strategies, this study recommends Objectivist Instructional Design Approaches, which combine Cognitivism and Behaviorism. For example, Behaviorism provides relationships between learning conditions and learning outcomes, and such relationships can inform the instructional designer of how the instruction should be designed to achieve successful learning outcomes. To effectively deliver the instruction, on the other hand, cognitive approaches provide various instructional methods, such as the use of advance organizers, mnemonic devices, metaphors, and learners’ schemas as an organized knowledge structure. This study also suggests employing constructivist approaches for effective instructional strategies. For example, the constructivist approach states that instruction should promote collaboration with other learners and/or instructors, providing a ground for the implementation of an email system or group discussion board system for educational purposes. For a Web-based supplemental learning environment to be successful, it is also important to effectively facilitate learner interactions with the learning environment. An effective user interface in Web-based learning environments is important, because it determines how easily learners can focus on learning materials without having to make an effort to figure out how to access them. There are a number of design approaches to the user interface, each of which has its own strengths and weaknesses. To review the current user interface design practice, this study borrowed Wallace & Anderson’s classification: the craft approach, enhanced software engineering approach, technologist approach, and cognitive approach. In the craft approach, interface design is described as a craft activity in which the skill and experience of the interface designer or human factors expert play an important role in the design activity. For successful design, this approach relies on the designer’s creativity, heuristics, and development through prototyping. The enhanced software engineering approach claims that formal HCI methods such as task analysis should be introduced into the development life-cycle to support the design process. This approach attempts to overcome the short-comings of structured software engineering methods that ignores issues involved in human-computer interaction and user interface design. The technologist approach claims that designers produce poor quality interfaces because they have to spend more time in performing time-consuming tasks, such as programming an interface, than in doing design activity during development. To allow designers to concentrate on design, the technologist approach attempts to provide automated development tools (e.g., the User Interface Management System) and rapid prototyping tools (e.g., HyperCard and Multimedia Toolkit). The cognitive approach applies psychological knowledge, such as theories of information processing and problem solving to the interface design. This most theoretical approach to interface design is characterized by an attempt to build precise and accurate users’ cognitive models that represent their interaction with computers. Q41. According to the passage, what is true with respect to objectivist design? A. In objectivist design, behavioral objectives are ignored for measuring learning success. All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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B. Objectivist design promotes accordance and abidance. C. Objectivist design models deal design issues of the user interface in the design process. D. Objectivist design models don’t emphasize a predetermined consequence. E. None of the above. Q42. How can we say that the mixed approach to instructional design is advantageous? A. It is advantageous because it addresses the issues involved in user interface design. B. It is advantageous because it covers the overall potential of a Web-based learning environment. C. It is advantageous because it ponders all learning theories according to instructional design situations. D. All of the above. E. It is not advantageous at all. Q43. According to the passage, what are the takes from mixed approach? A. Mixed approach suggests that the instructional design principles provided by the cognitive learning theory would be best suited for redesigning the learning content of the GPS course. B. Mixed approach advocates objectivist instructional design approaches for noninstructional strategies. C. Mixed approach states that instruction should promote collaboration with other learners and/or instructors. D. All of the above. E. None of the above. Q44. According to the passage, what different theories propose for user interface design? A. Craft’s approach for user interface design does not rely on the designer’s creativity, heuristics, and development through prototyping. B. The enhanced software engineering approach arrogates that task analysis should be moved out from the development life-cycle. C. The technologist approach claims that designers produce poor quality interfaces because they have no time for performing time-consuming tasks. D. The cognitive approach refrains from the theories of information processing and problem solving to the interface design. E. None of the above. Directions for Questions 44 to 47: Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it. The definition of culture is often narrowed down to heritage and the arts. A wider interpretation would include practically all areas of human activity. To avoid having to use this extremely broad definition, this report, while emphasizing the potential of culture as a strong social and economic resource for the community, does not lose sight of the All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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special contribution to culture made by artists and creators. We need to develop the ability to use culture as a means for dealing with the growing complexity of our society as well as for constructing or creating its future whilst at the same time making it more meaningful in the present. The contribution of culture to the creation of a competitive economy and a cohesive society may be far deeper than would appear at first sight. Business, education, social development as well as civic society are now becoming increasingly aware of the importance of culture as a stimulus. Apart from providing many examples of the use of culture to shape processes and products in all fields of human activity, this document provides ample proof as to how culture can lead to deep transformations of current practice through its fundamentally different form of research and reflection in response to a growing urgency for real change. In business, entrepreneurship alone cannot guarantee the development of a strong knowledge-based economy; we need innovation and creativity. Our social and educational systems require radical changes to overcome their ineffectiveness and inefficiency. The renewal of civic society calls for the setting-up of new institutions that facilitate participation and social cohesion. In order to inspire, facilitate, and support these transformations, culture can and should play a crucial role. One of the elements that deeply affects the role and dynamics of culture in contemporary society is the wider access of different social groups to information and technology. We are now witnessing the growth of new ways of production, distribution and consumption that lead to increased cultural production and completely new products and services. In the case of the arts, the complexity and diversity of the network society affects the relationship between culture and the public, redefining the boundaries between high and low art, art and design, and ‘pure’ and applied art. In the case of heritage, the Internet and IT have facilitated new ways of presenting collections of historical objects and making them accessible to a wider public. However, despite the benefits derived from these developments, technological change on its own cannot deeply alter our relationship to culture. The ongoing development of the information and knowledge society confronts us with the need for a more fundamental change. We need to develop the ability to use culture as a tool, as a resource and framework for dealing with the growing complexity of our society while at the same time making it more meaningful. As already stated, it is now necessary to adopt a notion of culture that goes beyond that of arts and heritage. A broad notion of culture should include the many ways in which culture is already used to create meaningful change in the widest spectrum of social domains. Q45. According to the author, what is the purpose of the passage? A. To narrow down the definition of the culture further. B. To accentuate the effectiveness of culture as a strong socio-economic resource for the community. C. To lose sight of the special contribution to culture made by artists and creators. D. To use culture as a means for dealing with the arising simplicity of our society. All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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E. None of the above. Q46. According to the passage, how can culture contribute to the competitive economy? A. It has become a stimulant for both business and civic society. B. Innovation and creativity can only be achieved through cultural practices. C. Culture is the only way to overcome the ineffectiveness and inefficiency of educational system. D. All of the above. E. None of the above. Q47. According to the passage, how the development in information technology (IT) has contributed to the culture? A. Information technology has alleviated old ways of demonstrating collections of historical objects. B. Information technology has restricted the accessibility of historical objects to a meager public. C. Information technology has profoundly altered our relationship with culture. D. Information technology has used culture as a tool to spread the awareness of IT. E. None of the above. Directions for Questions 48 to 50: Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it. The defoliation of millions of acres of trees by massive infestations of lepidopteran caterpillars is a recurring phenomenon in the eastern Africa. In studying these outbreaks, scientists have discovered that affected trees fight back by releasing toxic chemicals, mainly phenols, into their foliage. These noxious substances limit caterpillars’ growth and reduce the number of eggs that female moths lay. Phenols also make the eggs smaller, which reduces the growth of the following year’s caterpillars. Because the number of eggs a female moth produces is directly related to her size, and because her size is determined entirely by her feeding success as a caterpillar, the trees’ defensive mechanism has an impact on moth fecundity. The lepidopteran is also subject to attack by the nucleopolyhedrosis virus, or droop disease, a particularly important killer of the caterpillars in outbreak years. Caterpillars contract droop disease when they eat a leaf to which the virus, encased in a protein globule, has become attached. Once ingested by a caterpillar, the protein globule dissolves, releasing thousands of viruses, or virions that after about two weeks multiply enough to fill the entire body cavity. When the caterpillar dies, the virions are released to the outside, encased in a new protein globule synthesized from the caterpillar’s tissues and ready to be picked up by other caterpillars. Knowing that phenols, including tannins, often act by associating with and altering the activity of proteins, researchers focused on the effects on caterpillars of ingesting the All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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virus and leaves together. They found that on tannin-rich oak leaves, the virus is considerably less effective at killing caterpillars than when it is on aspen leaves, which are lower in phenols. In general, the more concentrated the phenols in tree leaves, the less deadly the virus. Thus, while highly concentrated phenols in tree leaves reduce the caterpillar population by limiting the size of caterpillars and, consequently, the size of the female’s egg cluster, these same chemicals also help caterpillars survive by disabling the droop virus. Forest stands of red oaks, with their tannin-rich foliage, may even provide caterpillars with safe havens from disease. In stands dominated by trees such as aspen, however, incipient lepidopteran outbreaks are quickly suppressed by viral epidemics. Further research has shown that caterpillars become virtually immune to the droop virus as the trees on which they feed respond to increasing defoliation. The trees’ own defenses raise the threshold of caterpillar vulnerability to the disease, allowing populations to grow denser without becoming more susceptible to infection. For these reasons, the benefits to the caterpillars of ingesting phenols appear to outweigh the costs. Given the presence of the virus, the trees’ defensive tactic apparently has backfired. Q48. What is the main point of the passage? A. Recurring outbreaks of infestation by lepidopteran caterpillars have had a devastating impact on trees in the eastern Africa. B. A mechanism used by trees to combat the threat from lepidopteran caterpillars has actually made some trees more vulnerable to that threat. C. Although deadly to lepidopteran caterpillars, droop disease has failed to significantly affect the population density of the caterpillars. D. The tree species with the highest levels of phenols in their foliage are the most successful in defending themselves against lepidopteran caterpillars. E. In their efforts to develop new methods for controlling lepidopteran caterpillars, researchers have focused on the effects of phenols in tree leaves on the insects’ growth and reproduction. Q49. According to the passage, it can be inferred that lepidopteran caterpillars become immune to the droop virus as a result of A. consuming a wide range of nutrients from a variety of leaf types B. feeding on leaves that contain high levels of phenols C. producing fewer offspring, which favors the survival of the hardiest individuals D. ingesting the virus together with leaves that do not contain tannin E. growing population density, which outstrips the ability of the virus to multiply and spread Q50. According to the passage, which of the following statements about lepidopteran caterpillars is true? A. Droop disease is more likely to strike small lepidopteran caterpillars than large ones.

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B. The concentration of phenols in tree leaves increases as the lepidopteran caterpillar population dies off. C. Female lepidopteran caterpillars stop growing after they ingest leaves containing phenols. D. Differing concentrations of phenols in leaves have differing effects on the ability of the droop virus to kill lepidopteran caterpillars. E. The longer a lepidopteran population is exposed to droop disease, the greater the likelihood that the lepidopteran caterpillars will become immune to the virus.

Directions for questions 51 to 53: Arrange the sentences to form a logical sequence of sentences. 51. A. Even under the driest conditions, bacterial cells are surrounded by a layer of water molecules. B. These serve to order the water molecules into particular, molecularly protective arrays. C. Microorganisms are surrounded by a unique microenvironment that is distinct from the bulk environment. D. This water may consist solely of bound water molecules, which are structurally integrated into the macromolecular framework of the cell itself, often aided by specific microbially derived molecules that are produced for the purpose of desiccation tolerance. E. This envelope acts as a diffusion barrier around the cell, concentrating microbial metabolic products and limiting the concentration near the cell of aqueous constituents from the bulk environment. F. At the other end of the spectrum, consider a bacterial cell that is planktonic. It is surrounded by an envelope of water molecules that may be several hundreds of nanometers thick, and which becomes more and more disordered with distance away from the bacterial cell surface. A. FCADBE B. FECBDA C. CBDAFE D. CADBFE E. FBCADE 52. A. Within educational systems, examinations play as important a role as self-selection or signaling, though given a certain standard of testing, there is a process of self-selection involved in deciding whether to stay in school, to try to pass the examination. B. But when the signaling concepts are translated into contexts in which there is a robust competitive market, the problems of existence cannot be so easily ignored. C. For the same reason, the problems of existence which arise in the insurance market are not relevant in the education market – the competitive supply side of the market is simply absent. All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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D. The structure of the education system is largely a matter of public choice, not of market processes. E. The education system, of course, was particularly infelicitous for studying market equilibrium. F. Different countries have chosen markedly different systems. The minimum level of education is typically not a matter of choice, but set by the government.

A. EDFACB B. DEFABC C. DEAFCB D. FEDACB E. FDEBAC 53. A. The result is a website that reflects the visitors’ interests and offers products and services that are customized to the user. B. Museums are making use of technology to tailor their offerings to their visitors’ specific needs and interests. C. Many museums have developed customizable websites, which can be modified to offer users only content they are interested in receiving D. Users might explicitly enter information about themselves and their interests; the website can track what the user does and pays attention to and provide recommendations based on use. E. Museum can also offer customized e-mails with links to materials or information about special events of interest to the visitor. F. Museum websites can be customized in multiple ways. A. CBFEDA B. BFCEDA C. FECDBA D. FBCDAE E. BCFDAE

Directions for questions 54 to 56: Five choices for rephrasing the underlined part follow the below sentence; the first choice repeats the original, and the other four are different. Choose the correct option for the underlined portion. 54. Knowing the volunteers’ giving of a great deal of their time to canvass the neighborhood and collect donations from the neighbors, the secretary of the Welfare Society expressed his sincere gratitude. A. Knowing the volunteers’ giving of a great deal of their time to canvass the neighborhood and collect donations from the neighbors, the secretary of the Welfare Society expressed his sincere gratitude. All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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B. Knowing the time spent by neighborhood volunteers to canvass and to collect neighborhood donations, the secretary of the Welfare Society expressed his sincere gratitude. C. With sincere gratitude, the secretary of the Welfare Society expressed his acknowledgment of the neighborhood donations canvassed and collected on the volunteers’ time. D. The secretary of the Welfare Society offered sincere thanks to the volunteers who gave so much time to canvass the neighborhood to collect donations. E. The secretary of the Welfare Society thanked the neighborhood volunteers, sincerely.

55. Two latest statements on the incumbency of college professors offer contradictory points of view: those that say that lifetime incumbency ensures academic freedom and those that say that lifetime incumbency encourages professional laziness and irresponsibility. A. those that say that lifetime incumbency ensures academic freedom and those that say that lifetime incumbency encourages professional laziness and irresponsibility B. some declare that lifetime incumbency ensures academic freedom, and others say that it encourages professional laziness and irresponsibility C. saying that lifetime incumbency either ensures academic freedom or encourages irresponsible laziness D. one emphasizes the academic freedom that incumbency ensures, and one stresses the professional laziness and irresponsibility it encourages E. advocacies of academic freedom and warnings about professional laziness and irresponsibility 56. Much like the King when he interprets the beldams’ prognostications all too literally, the inscrutable harpooner who Monarch takes aboard the Ship has the captain accepting his strange prognostications without questioning their hidden meaning. A. the inscrutable harpooner who Monarch takes aboard the Ship has the captain accepting his strange prognostications without questioning their hidden meaning B. the strange prognostications of the inscrutable harpooner he has taken aboard the Ship are accepted by Monarch without questioning their hidden meaning C. the inscrutable harpooner whom Monarch takes aboard the Ship has the captain accepting his strange prognostications without questioning their hidden meaning D. Monarch accepts the strange prognostication of the inscrutable harpooner whom he has taken aboard the Ship, without questioning their hidden meaning E. Monarch accepts the strange prognostications of the inscrutable harpooner he has taken aboard the Ship, without questioning their hidden meaning Directions for questions 57 to 58: Read the passage below and answer the questions based on it.

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It is apparent that the methods of science have been highly successful. Psychologist ABC believes that the methods of science should be applied to the field of human affairs. We are all controlled by the world, part of which is constructed by humans. Is this control to occur by accident, by tyrants, or by ourselves? A scientific society should reject accidental manipulation. He asserts that a specific plan is needed to promote fully the development of human beings and society. We cannot make wise decisions if we continue to pretend that we are not controlled. As ABC points out, the possibility of behavioral control is offensive to many people. We have traditionally regarded humans as free agents whose behavior occurs by virtue of spontaneous inner changes. We are loath to abandon the internal will, which makes prediction and control of behavior impossible. 57. According to the passage, ABC would probably agree with each of the following statements EXCEPT: A. Rats and pigeons are appropriate animals for behavioristic study. B. These behaviors we normally exhibit are not the only ones we are capable of. C. The concept of behavioral control has popular appeal. D. Inner causes of behavior are more difficult to observe than outer ones. E. Positive reinforcement will affect learning in school. 58. The author implies that ABC feels that the scientific procedure he advocates might be effective as A. a means of enhancing our future. B. an explanation of the causes of dictatorships. C. a means for replacing teachers with computers. D. a way of identifying characteristics common to rats, pigeons, and humans. E. a way to understand the human mind. Directions for questions 59 to 60: In each question, there are five sentences. Each sentence has a pair of words that are italicized and highlighted. From the italicized and highlighted words, select the most appropriate words (A or B) to form correct sentences. The sentences are followed by options that indicate the words, which may be selected to correctly complete the set of sentences. From the options given, choose the most appropriate one. 59. Lying to cover up a crime will aggravate (A) / aggregate (B) the offense. The collection agency went to great lengths to dun (A) / done (B) him for payment of his debts. Nothing you can say will altar (A) / alter (B) my plans. Three minutes elapsed (A) / lapsed (B) before her page had completely loaded. All Content © Copyright 2009 MindInsight.com

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The casual (A) / causal (B) forces behind many diseases have not been discovered yet. A. BABBA B. AABBB C. AABAB D. ABAAB E. BABBA 60. The publishers hurried to amend (A) / emend (B) the book before the next edition. The bridle (A) / bridal (B) path was crowded this morning with weekend riders. The treaty included session (A) / cession (B) of all regional territories. His parents came so far to felicitate (A) / facilitate (B) the couple. It is hypercritical (A) / hypocritical (B) to say tell your children to behave a certain way and then do the exact opposite yourself. A. BABAB B. AABAA C. ABABB D. AABAB E. BBBAB

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